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The research is concerned with analyzing and measuring the impact of exchange ratechanges and their repercussions on local investment in Iraq during the period (2004-2022), asthe relationship between them is affected by global economic conditions such as high or lowoil prices and demand for the exchange rate internationally, as the response of the investmentsectors in Iraq to changes in the exchange rate varies, as the decline in the exchange rateencourages investment in the export sector and proves investments in the import-dependentsector, unlike its rise, which negatively affects the local economy The authorities are workingto take some measures and procedures such as providing financial support and incentives tosupport projects and thus promote local investment, as well as the political and securityfluctuations in Iraq that affect investor confidence and investment decisions and thus affecteconomic stability, and the relationship between local investment in Iraq and exchange ratechanges is somewhat complicated as they are affected by each other, so the monetaryauthority and investors must understand this relationship and understand its strategies in away that enhances and supports the investment climate in the Iraqi economy, Domesticinvestment and the exchange rate significantly affect the economic relations described in theARDL model , so it is recommended to develop fiscal and monetary economic policies thatsupport domestic investments and improve exchange rate stability to achieve moresustainable economic results.

This study was aimed on analyze the competitiveness of the food industry sector, and showed the level of industrial and competitive performance of these industries, and the possibility of supporting and enhancing their competitiveness in the Iraqi economy for the period 2003-2020. Competitiveness is considered one of the most important indicators of the efficiency of the food industry tool in local and foreign markets, as competitiveness represents the ability of productive sectors of different types to distribute their products and increase their sales level. Therefore, the food industry in Iraq is considered one of the most important sectors of the manufacturing industries that suffer from problems and obstacles including a decrease in the level of competitive and industrial performance. It is believed that the problem of the research is the weak competitiveness of the food industry in Iraq due to the decline in the quality of manufactured products and the weak level of competitiveness of these products compared to imported products. The results of the study showed a decrease and fluctuation in the contribution of the manufacturing sector to the gross domestic product (GDP) in Iraq. The economic policy was not providing the possibility of an investment climate to support and enhance the private sector in industrial investment. The indicators of production requirements such as labor productivity, worker productivity, and the value added index of the food industries sector began to fluctuate between decrease and increase, and to measure the extent of the reciprocal effects between all parts of the standard model and the extent of its contribution to developing the competitive capacity of this sector.

Salary reform as a structural improvement in a company’s compensation system is a widely applied strategy to enhance employee motivation and performance. Compensation policies that are responsive to employee needs are expected to create a work environment that supports productivity, where intrinsic motivation can be strengthened through fair and proportional rewards. This study aims to explore the extent of the influence of salary reform on improving employee motivation and performance within organizations by using a literature review method. Based on analyses of previous studies, it was found that salary reform not only plays a significant role in fostering employees' intrinsic motivation but also impacts the overall productivity of the organization. Reforms that include salary structure adjustments, performance-based incentives, and increased transparency in compensation management have proven effective in reducing disparities, enhancing loyalty, and improving workplace climate. These findings strongly imply that management should continuously develop adaptive compensation policies focused on employee needs and well-being, with the aim of optimally contributing to achieving the company’s strategic goals and enhancing organizational competitiveness.

The healthcare industry is increasingly relying on medical textiles, particularly single-use items such as surgical gowns, masks, and drapes, to maintain hygiene and prevent infections. However, the widespread use of these single-use textiles raises significant environmental and health concerns. These items are primarily made from non-biodegradable materials, contributing to large volumes of waste and environmental pollution. The production and disposal of single-use textiles also generate carbon emissions, further exacerbating climate change. In response to these challenges, reusable medical textiles have emerged as a more sustainable alternative. Reusable textiles offer several environmental benefits, including reduced resource consumption, lower carbon emissions, and decreased waste generation. Additionally, reusable textiles can improve occupational health by reducing healthcare workers' exposure to harmful chemicals and irritants found in single-use textiles. This study compares the environmental impact and occupational health risks associated with reusable and single-use medical textiles, focusing on factors such as carbon footprint, waste generation, and chemical exposure. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies were employed to quantify the environmental impacts, while workplace exposure measurements assessed the health risks to healthcare workers. The results indicate that reusable textiles significantly reduce carbon emissions and waste compared to single-use textiles. Furthermore, reusable textiles were associated with lower levels of chemical exposure for healthcare workers. The study concludes with recommendations for healthcare systems to adopt reusable textiles to reduce environmental and health risks, while also suggesting areas for future research on sustainable textile innovations and the integration of reusable systems in healthcare facilities.

Low achievement of Indonesian students in literacy and numeracy in PISA 2022 (359 and 366 points, far below OECD average of 476-493 points) demands evaluation of factors affecting learning quality. This study analyzes the relationship between teacher welfare management and improvement of student literacy and numeracy through systematic literature review of 44 studies covering 76,990 teachers from 2019-2025. Analysis shows significant relationship between teacher welfare and student academic achievement through three mechanisms: increased teaching efficacy, positive classroom climate creation, and pedagogical innovation development. International comparison reveals significant gaps between Indonesia and developed countries like Japan (teacher salary Rp38 million vs Indonesia Rp800,000-Rp2,000,000). Implementation in Indonesia faces challenges of regional disparities, employment status inequality, and excessive workload. Comprehensive policy reform is needed including compensation standardization, holistic support programs, and longitudinal studies to understand deeper causal mechanisms.  

The southern district of Rejowingan in Magelang faces challenges like large dumpstores, poor water quality, floods, and rising food needs. Villagers are working with the Ormawa DPM KM PPK team to address these issues. The government launched the Climate Village Program to improve the region's climate and resilience to natural disasters. Permaculture principles can be applied to organic waste management through maggot cultivation, which reduces waste volume and supports sustainable agriculture. This combination of permaculture and maggot cultivation can be an effective and environmentally friendly model for addressing organic waste and ecosystem sustainability.

Trees play an important role in carbon sequestration and the global carbon cycle, contributing to climate change mitigation. The carbon dioxide cycle maintains a natural balance between concentrations in the atmosphere. The government mandate along with the Minister of Environment and Forestry's directive is to plant 200 trees in a lifetime. Trees are one way to reduce pollution, there is very little activity along the main roads of the village so this had to be done. The purpose of this work is to create a beautiful environment on the main road of the village so that the activities and benefits can be heard by the community. In this process the trees planted were Ketapang Kenka, Sengon, Glodogan and Pachira trees. Fruit trees can not only be utilized for air conditioning and disaster prevention, the community can also manage fruit trees. The community can see from the work that has been done that the community really appreciates the work. This can be seen from the enthusiasm of the community and village owners who participated in the tree planting activity.

By having broad insight, students are able to understand the global context and the relationship between various disciplines. They can develop thinking skills, explore various perspectives, and broaden their views on various problems. Therefore, to improve the quality of competent students, it is necessary to broaden their horizons through the delivery of knowledge in new perspectives and scopes. The waste management campaign program at SMAS Nasional Bandung is an initiative to introduce and improve students' understanding of how threatening the climate crisis is that is still happening. Through various activities such as workshops, discussions, and practices. These activities aim to provide insight into environmental issues in achieving a holistic understanding of the importance of waste management. By involving students actively in the campaign, this program encourages a deeper understanding of the waste management process from personal to industrial waste, especially in the city of Bandung, as a step in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) point number 12. Responsible Consumption and Production

Sababilah Village in Dusun Selatan District, South Barito Regency, has great potential to increase food security through optimal resource management. With lowland topography and a tropical climate, this village has fertile soil that is ideal for various plants. The 2024 Real Work Lecture Program (KKN-T) from Palangka Raya University focuses on developing food security by planting various plants using innovative planting media containers such as drinking water glasses and providing technical assistance in watermelon harvesting. The results of the activity show that this agricultural technique is effective in utilizing local resources and increasing crop yields. To increase success, it is recommended that villages expand modern agricultural training, involve communities more actively, and develop local markets for agricultural products. Regular evaluation is also important to ensure the program's sustainability and positive impact.

This research aims to determine the influence of job placement, career development and organizational climate on employee loyalty which is mediated by job satisfaction at Serang Raya University. The form of research used is descriptive and verification research. Descriptive is a form of research aimed at describing existing phenomena, both natural phenomena and man-made phenomena. The population in this study was all educational staff within Serang Raya University, totaling 158 people. Then, in determining the number of samples for the Employee Loyalty variable, the author used the Slovin formula with a standard error of 5%. The research results showed that work placement had a positive and significant influence. on job satisfaction, career development has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, work placement has no significant effect on employee loyalty, career development has a positive and significant effect on employee loyalty, organizational climate has a positive but not significant effect on employee loyalty, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee loyalty and there is no significant evidence that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between job placement, career development, or organizational climate and employee loyalty. This study is limited to a single institution (Serang Raya University), so the findings may not be generalizable to other organizations. Additionally, there is insufficient evidence that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between job placement, career development, and organizational climate with employee loyalty, necessitating further research with a more comprehensive approach.

The success of a hospital in carrying out its functions is marked by the results of quality service. In order for this to be realized, a hospital should be managed professionally by competent human resources and the availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure. One of the factors that influences the success of a hospital is good service quality. Quality health services are health services that can satisfy every user of health services. Another problem faced by partners is negative views of nurses, such as being rude, unfriendly, or unprofessional, which still often appear in the community. When friendliness and attention are absent, a climate of discomfort and reluctance to interact is created, resulting in suboptimal service. Health service providers, in addition to having professional ethics, also need to have good "manners" or etiquette in providing services to service users in this case patients or their families. The importance of the manners possessed by health workers in supporting service quality at Kardinah Hospital, Tegal City because health workers are the spearhead of services provided by the hospital to customers. The success of a hospital in carrying out its functions is marked by the results of quality service quality, one of which is the service provided by health workers

This study looks at the meanings of words and their context in Maya Angelou’s poem "Still I Rise." This poem is well-known for its message of strength and empowerment, especially for African American women during the civil rights movement. Using a qualitative approach, this research combines examining the text and interpreting its context. The lexical analysis looks at dictionary definitions of important words in the poem and their deeper meanings within the poem’s context. The contextual interpretation places the poem within the larger historical and cultural background of Angelou's life and the civil rights era. The findings show that Angelou’s use of language not only strengthens the poem’s themes of defiance and self-worth but also deeply connects with the socio-political climate of its time. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the lexical and contextual meanings of some of the lines in Angelou's literary work "Still I Rise" as well as in discussions of race, identity and empowerment.

This study looks at the meanings of words and their context in Maya Angelou’s poem "Still I Rise." This poem is well-known for its message of strength and empowerment, especially for African American women during the civil rights movement. Using a qualitative approach, this research combines examining the text and interpreting its context. The lexical analysis looks at dictionary definitions of important words in the poem and their deeper meanings within the poem’s context. The contextual interpretation places the poem within the larger historical and cultural background of Angelou's life and the civil rights era. The findings show that Angelou’s use of language not only strengthens the poem’s themes of defiance and self-worth but also deeply connects with the socio-political climate of its time. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the lexical and contextual meanings of some of the lines in Angelou's literary work "Still I Rise" as well as in discussions of race, identity and empowerment.

Communication has a role in building an organizational climate, which has an impact on organizational culture, namely the values ​​and beliefs that are the central point of the organization. The goal of communication in the organizational process is none other than to form mutual understanding (Mutual Undestanding). In short, so that there is equality in terms of reference and experience. Lecturer communication refers to patterns and forms of communication that occur in the context of organizational networks. This research aims to determine the communication patterns of lecturers in improving the interpersonal quality of students majoring in government science at Pancasakti University, Makassar. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews and literature study. The analytical method used is qualitative analysis. The research results show that good communication between lecturers and students will certainly result in better quality students, one of which is marked by increased student academic achievement. On the other hand, poor communication between lecturers and students will actually have an impact on decreasing the student's academic achievement. The indicators for the effectiveness of interpersonal communication, namely openness, empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude, have worked well.

A slope is an area of ​​morphology that has a certain geometry, namely the highest and lowest parts and has the potential for landslides if it is in an unstable condition (Wesley & Pranyoto, 2010 in Khodijah, et al, 2022). A slope can be composed of soil, rock, or both. Slope stability is influenced by slope geometry, physical and mechanical characteristics of the slope-forming material, water (hydrology and hydrogeology), rock weak plane structure (location, direction, frequency, mechanical characteristics), natural stresses in the rock mass, local stress concentrations, vibrations ( natural: earthquakes; and human actions: effects of blasting, effects of heavy equipment passing by), climate, the results of mine workers' actions, and thermic effects (Moshab, 1997 in Arif, 2016).

This study aims to analyze the levels of work stress experienced by volunteers at the Persadabumi Buddhist organization in Medan, Indonesia. Volunteer work in religious organizations, while spiritually rewarding, can also be a source of psychological stress due to various organizational and individual factors. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, this research distributed a validated questionnaire to 36 active volunteers at Persadabumi Medan. The instrument consisted of 18 items measuring various dimensions of work stress including workload, time pressure, role conflict, work climate, and supervisory quality. Data analysis employed frequency distribution and stress level categorization. The results showed that 52.8% of respondents experienced low levels of work stress, 47.2% experienced moderate levels, and none experienced high levels of stress. Key stress-inducing factors identified included heavy and demanding workloads, time pressures in completing tasks, inadequate supervisory support, interpersonal conflicts, and unfavorable organizational climate. The study interprets these findings through a Buddhist psychological framework, explaining stress as a manifestation of dukkha arising from tanhā (craving) and avijjā (ignorance). Buddhist teachings on mindfulness practice (sati), the middle way (majjhima paṭipadā), right effort (sammā-vāyāma), and the importance of spiritual companionship (kalyāṇa-mitta) provide practical frameworks for stress management in volunteer contexts. The practical implications emphasize the importance of organizations providing emotionally and spiritually supportive environments, implementing balanced workload distribution, establishing realistic schedules, facilitating meditation and mindfulness practices, and strengthening social support networks among volunteers. This research contributes to understanding the intersection of organizational psychology and Buddhist philosophy in managing volunteer well-being.

Land, or soil, is the part of the earth's surface that can be used by humans for survival. Land is the terrain on the earth's surface and includes solid, liquid and gas. Things that affect land use are climate, relief, hydrology, vegetation, animals and the consequences of past and present human activities. land use is the process of utilizing land gradually to obtain results and to increase land use value without changing the physical form of land. Margaluyu Village has diverse geomorphological conditions, with vegetation dominated by tea gardens and pine forests that function as water catchment areas. This greatly influences the work of the surrounding community, which is generally as farmers and gardeners. the gardens that are there are chilies, corn, tomatoes, cabbage, coffee, tea and oranges. Margaluyu Village has Situ Cipanunjang, which is sometimes used as a training ground for national athletes in rowing, as well as tourism sectors such as Situ Cileunca, Situ Cipanunjang and Taman Bukit Bintang.  

President Jokowi has announced plans to transfer the nation's capital to the Timur Province. This needs to be carefully considered since it has the potential to be risky but can also provide positive effects. The goal of this endeavor is to stabilize Jakarta's position as a hub for business and government that has long been in decline, as well as to lessen economic tensions between the main island of Java and its neighboring islands. This article will analyze the economic climate as well as the risks that the government must address in this particular endeavor. Qualitative research method is a research method that is carried out with a type of descriptive approach The results of the research obtained are the positive impact as well as the risk of the transfer of IKN to Central Kalimantan on the economy in Indonesia. Even if there are potential for PDB growth and inflation that is moderate, there are risks associated with renovation that should be considered, such as working together with the government to mitigate the risk of exceeding budget while building new infrastructure and cities. In addition, there is a potential inflation rate that is higher than expected due to the change in exchange rates, which is attributed to the DPR RI.

It is necessary to know the strategy for developing the copra agroindustry in Mamala Village. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The analysis tool us is the SWOT matrix. The results of the research show that the strategy used is to locate the copra industry close to the farmers' location so that there is cooperation between the industry and local farmers and it makes it easier for farmers to sell coconuts to the industry because the distance is quite close. The copra quality is good so it creates demand. there is always copra on the market, the availability of capital to buy coconut raw materials so that there is always coconut raw material to be produced into copra, the industry has a skilled workforce so that the potential for long-term copra products is quite good, even though the equipment technology for processing copra is still simple does not affect the long-term potential of copra products, having a small number of workers does not hinder the copra production process so that there is always a demand for copra in the market, the influence of uncertain market prices does not affect the good quality of copra, the existence of climate change on copra production is minimized because the availability of skilled workers in processing copra, having a small number of workers does not affect market access in selling copra products.

Urban workers are increasingly vulnerable to heat stress due to rising global temperatures, especially in cities affected by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This heat stress poses significant risks to worker health and productivity, exacerbating health issues such as dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke, while also reducing work efficiency. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of green rooftop designs as a mitigation strategy for heat stress in urban workplace environments. Green rooftops are increasingly seen as a sustainable solution for urban heat management, offering benefits in temperature regulation, energy efficiency, and overall worker well-being. This study examines various heat stress mitigation strategies, including green roofs, industrial fans, and shading systems, focusing on their comparative effectiveness in reducing temperatures and improving worker comfort. The research involved environmental temperature measurements inside and outside urban workplaces, the use of wearable heat sensors to monitor workers’ heat stress levels, and building energy simulations to predict the impact of green rooftops on indoor climate control. Results indicate that green rooftops reduced workplace temperatures by an average of 3.8°C and decreased heat-stress-related complaints by 35%. In comparison to industrial fans and shading systems, green rooftops provided superior long-term relief, reducing heat stress and improving both worker productivity and environmental quality. The findings support the integration of green rooftops into urban workplace designs as a viable climate adaptation strategy. Future research should explore optimizing green rooftop designs for different climates and assessing their long-term benefits for worker health and urban resilience.