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This study analyzes the cinematography strategies in determining creative visuals in the documentary film "2000 for Parking: The Phenomenon of Illegal Parking Attendants in Jatinangor," which documents the practice of illegal parking for Rp2,000-Rp5,000 in the Sumedang educational area as a social critique of the weak supervision of public spaces. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with frame-by-frame content analysis based on Joseph V. Mascelli's 5Cs theory and Bill Nichols' expository mode, the results demonstrate the dominance of eye-level angles (65%), low-key natural lighting (70%), handheld shaky camera (40%), and match cuts to build empathy, urgency, and a persuasive three-act narrative about the phenomenon of urban poverty. This visual strategy represents a power imbalance through low angles and rack focus, resulting in a 40% increase in audience awareness based on test screenings. Budget limitations are overcome through authentic improvisation that distinguishes the film from conventional Indonesian documentaries. The study concludes that cinematography is an effective visual storyteller for social advocacy, suggesting the integration of VR and AI-assisted techniques for future productions.

This study examines the dynamics of public criticism of Shin Tae-yong's dismissal by PSSI as a phenomenon of digital communication that shows the tension between freedom of expression and the legal limits of hate speech. The background of this research stems from the intensity of netizens' reactions, which developed into collective moral pressure and had the potential to enter the realm of insults and hostility, as reflected in various comments, news reports, and verbal disputes involving public figures. This study aims to analyze how criticism, media framing, and netizen responses interact with the regulations of the ITE Law, particularly Article 28 paragraph (2), which is often used in reporting hate speech. The methods used are a normative juridical approach and case studies with document analysis, news reports, and academic literature techniques to identify patterns of digital expression and their legal relevance. The results of the study show that public criticism of Shin Tae-yong not only reflects performance evaluation, but also contains emotional, social identity, and moral dimensions that are reinforced by media framing and digital culture. The discussion confirms that the shift from criticism to hate speech occurs when public expression is not managed ethically, while law enforcement on hate speech articles still faces interpretation problems. In conclusion, this verbal dispute reflects the complexity of Indonesia's digital democracy and the urgency of legal reform

The Lapindo Brantas case is the largest environmental disaster in Indonesia, causing significant environmental damage and widespread economic and social impacts on the surrounding community. This incident sparked debate about corporate legal responsibility for the damage that occurred. This study aims to thoroughly evaluate the responsibility of the Lapindo Brantas corporation using the responsibility theory approach and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The methods used are normative with case studies and legislative analysis to understand the mechanism of corporate legal responsibility in the context of environmental disasters. The findings of this study indicate that corporations can be held criminally liable for environmental damage, and in the case of Lapindo Brantas, the company bears legal responsibility in accordance with the principle of strict liability as stipulated in Law Number 32 of 2009. This study emphasizes the urgency of applying the principle of corporate responsibility as an important part of environmental law enforcement in Indonesia.

This research is motivated by the high rate of inability to read the Quran in Indonesia and the urgency of providing appropriate learning stimuli during the golden period of child development. The Al-Husna method was chosen because it emphasizes the principles of simplicity, ease, and tartil, which are considered relevant to the characteristics of early childhood. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the application of the Al-Husna method in Quran learning at PAUD Tahfidzul Qur'an Yurefi Kendari using the Goal-Oriented Evaluation Model. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The evaluation results show that the application of the Al-Husna method has met the learning objectives that have been set at PAUD Tahfidzul Qur'an Yurefi. These achievements include improving students' abilities in recognizing and pronouncing hijaiyah letters with the support of visual codes, mastery of syllables of hijaiyah letters, and understanding the punctuation system using standards according to Rasm Uthmani, achieving efficiency in the use of time and materials in the learning process, and creating a fun, active, and participatory learning environment for children. The identified challenges primarily relate to the need for educators to have a comprehensive understanding of the Al-Husna method. However, schools can address these challenges by implementing ongoing training and mentoring programs. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the Al-Husna method is effective in building a foundation of basic Quranic reading skills and understanding in early childhood, using a child-friendly and meaningful approach. Therefore, this method can be used as a strategic alternative for teaching Quranic reading and understanding in educational institutions.

Rapid developments related to technology are spreading rapidly in human life. The rapid development of this technology definitely brings positive and negative currents in its application. The higher the development, the greater the opportunity for negative impacts for irresponsible people. The utilization of technological developments in the financial sector is considered to greatly facilitate a person in carrying out economic activities. Armed with just one application, someone can make banking transfers, investments and their utilization in other economic activities. However, along with the ease and effectiveness of digital finance, there are also digital crimes that can harm many people in the banking world such as physing, malware, ransomware and so on. This type of research is a normative juridical research that focuses on laws and regulations to provide legal reformulation related to digital financial security finance to strengthen the defense of financial system protection in the digital sector which is very much needed in this increasingly sophisticated modern era.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, particularly deepfake, poses significant challenges to legal protection due to its potential misuse for identity manipulation, defamation, and other cybercrimes. This phenomenon highlights a gap between technological advancement and the readiness of legal regulations in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze forms of deepfake misuse and to assess the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks in providing legal protection and certainty. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches by examining legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings indicate that Indonesian positive law does not yet specifically regulate deepfake technology, resulting in law enforcement relying on general provisions of criminal law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. The implications of this study emphasize the urgency of regulatory reform and the formulation of adaptive legal policies to address digital technological developments in order to ensure legal protection and justice for society.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly disrupted the global labor sector, including in Indonesia. The urgency of this study lies in the growing inequality in access to digital skills and the lack of legal protection for workers in the digital era. This research aims to analyze the impact of AI on employment in Indonesia and to assess the adequacy of labor regulations in addressing digital transformation. This study employs a normative legal method with a juridical-empirical approach, utilizing literature review, secondary data, and qualitative analysis of labor policies and relevant regulations. The findings reveal that while AI has the potential to create new types of employment, it also threatens conventional jobs, especially in labor-intensive sectors. Moreover, Indonesia's labor regulations have not yet adapted to new, flexible, and platform-based work models, resulting in legal uncertainty for informal and freelance workers. This study contributes to the discourse on the need for labor law reform that is inclusive and adaptive to technological developments. In conclusion, there is a pressing need for responsive labor regulation reform, increased digital literacy, and continuous reskilling systems to ensure that AI-driven transformation does not create new inequalities in the labor market. Future research is recommended to focus on formulating new legal protection models for digital workers in the AI era.

Human resource management (HRM) in education plays a strategic role in determining the quality and success of educational implementation. Educators and educational staff are the main assets of educational institutions that directly influence the quality of learning processes and outcomes. This article aims to examine the concept of educational human resource management, its scope, and the urgency of implementing effective HRM in improving educational quality. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research by reviewing relevant books, scientific journals, and educational regulations related to human resource management and education. The results indicate that the scope of educational HRM includes human resource planning, recruitment and selection, placement and organization, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and rewards, coaching and maintenance, as well as termination and retirement. The implementation of professional, systematic, and sustainable educational HRM contributes significantly to improving the professionalism of educational personnel, institutional effectiveness, and the achievement of educational goals. Therefore, educational human resource management is a key factor in realizing high-quality and sustainable education.

For the general public, Indonesia’s five-year electoral cycle is often perceived merely as a procedural voting event, overlooking the substance and quality of how voters select presidential or regional leaders. Following the 2024 General Election, the challenges of democracy have shifted from technical management to the prevention of polarization, money politics, digital disinformation, identity politics, and echo chambers. This article analyzes the urgency of implementing sustainable voter education during the inter-election period, using the General Election Commission (KPU) of Balikpapan City as a case study. The study focuses on KPU Balikpapan’s strategies to transform pragmatic voters, who are susceptible to manipulation, into informed participants, while also addressing the vulnerabilities of first-time voters ahead of the 2029 Election to increase participation rates. The analysis indicates that political education during the non-election period is a critical moment to build the cognitive foundation of voters without compromising their independent choice, making the role of KPU Balikpapan essential in maintaining democratic integrity in the city.

This community service was carried out at the Sebesi Island Coconut Brown Sugar Artisans Group, South Lampung Regency, which faced the problem of low product competitiveness due to the use of conventional plastic packaging that was simple, unattractive, and environmentally unfriendly. This topic was chosen because it is relevant to the issue of the plastic waste crisis and the urgency of implementing a circular economy in island regions that are vulnerable to environmental pollution. The objective of this activity was to improve the hard and soft skills of partners through the innovation of environmentally friendly packaging designs based on local materials, while also increasing the economic value of coconut brown sugar products. The community service was carried out using a participatory approach through socialization, training, co-design of packaging, and assistance with production and marketing for 40 partners consisting of brown sugar craftsmen, BUMDes administrators, and local natural material weavers. The results of the activity showed an increase in the partners' skills in product design and packaging, strengthening of soft skills in the form of confidence and marketing readiness, as well as an increase in the selling value and image of the product in the local market. This activity confirms that environmentally friendly packaging innovation based on local resources is an effective strategy in empowering MSMEs as well as implementing a circular economy at the village level.

The rapid expansion of digital media use has intensified the practice of cyberbullying as a form of non-physical violence that seriously affects victims’ mental health, dignity, and human rights. In Indonesia, cyberbullying is not specifically regulated and still relies on general provisions in the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law), which often lead to multiple interpretations, overcriminalization, and potential restrictions on freedom of expression. This article aims to analyze the urgency of establishing a specific criminal offense for cyberbullying within the framework of human rights protection and the principle of proportionality in limiting freedom of expression in the digital sphere. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to regulations in several countries. The findings indicate that the absence of specific norms on cyberbullying creates legal uncertainty and weakens victim protection while also opening opportunities for the misuse of legal provisions against legitimate expression. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate clear, proportional, and victim-oriented criminal regulations, supported by fair and transparent law enforcement mechanisms that are consistent with human rights principles in the digital era.

This research is motivated by the importance of financial management, especially financial accounting, as the key to company sustainability, however, it was found that CV. Rensa Wallpaper, although it has made financial reports (Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Statement), its implementation is not in accordance with SAK ETAP and there is no urgency to make other reports (such as equity change reports and cash flow reports). The type of research used is a case study research using a qualitative method, namely a method that collects, compiles, interprets, and analyzes data to solve the problems faced. While the research approach used is a descriptive approach. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Overall, the results of the study indicate that although CV. Rensa Wallpaper carries out financial management that includes four basic elements (Planning, Organizing, Directing, and Controlling), the implementation of its financial reporting is still incomplete and not fully in accordance with SAK ETAP due to the incompleteness of the reports presented (there is no Statement of Changes in Equity and Cash Flow Statement) and the existence of account items that are not presented in the Balance Sheet.

This study is motivated by the rapid advancement of digital marketing and the increasing influence of psychological factors in shaping consumer behaviour, particularly among Generation Z, who are highly exposed to social media and global trends in imported skincare products. This phenomenon suggests that purchase decisions are not solely driven by digital marketing strategies but are also significantly influenced by emotional drivers such as Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). Accordingly, this study aims to analyse the effects of affiliate marketing, WhatsApp status, celebrity advertising, and FoMO on the purchase intention of Generation Z consumers in Tangerang City. Specifically, the study pursues five objectives: (1) to examine the effect of affiliate marketing on purchase intention; (2) to analyse the influence of WhatsApp status on purchase intention; (3) to investigate the impact of celebrity advertising on purchase intention; (4) to evaluate the effect of FoMO on purchase intention; and (5) to assess the simultaneous effects of all independent variables on purchase intention. This study adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method, with data collected through structured questionnaires administered to 250 respondents selected via accidental sampling. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS software to examine the relationships among variables. The findings reveal that all independent variables exert a positive and statistically significant influence on purchase intention, with FoMO emerging as the most dominant predictor. These results underscore the greater role of psychological factors relative to digital marketing strategies in driving purchase intention among Generation Z consumers.The contribution of this study lies in integrating digital marketing strategies and psychological factors into a single empirical model, while also highlighting the growing importance of interpersonal digital communication, such as WhatsApp, in contemporary marketing contexts. From a practical perspective, the findings provide managerial implications for businesses to design marketing strategies that are not only informative but also capable of creating urgency and fostering emotional engagement among consumers.    

This study analyzes the urgency of digital expert testimony in strengthening the validity of electronic evidence in civil procedure law amid rapid technological transformation. The increasing use of digital communications, electronic transactions, and online documentation has given rise to new evidence in civil disputes, while its intangible and easily manipulated nature raises doubts about its authenticity and reliability. This study will focus on Decision Number 439 B/Pdt.Sus-Arbt/2016. The study relies on primary legal sources, legislation, court decisions, and secondary legal literature analyzed qualitatively. The findings show that electronic evidence is legally admissible when it meets the requirements of accessibility, integrity, authenticity, and accountability, but its probative value is highly dependent on technical validation. In the case analyzed, the petitioner's challenge to print the chat evidence was rejected because the allegations of manipulation were unsubstantiated and no expert testimony was presented to support the claim. This shows that expert testimony plays a decisive role in explaining technical aspects beyond the knowledge of the court and in strengthening the court's conviction. This study concludes that digital experts serve as a bridge between technological complexity and legal assessment, ensuring that digital evidence is evaluated objectively. The implication for courts and related parties is must prioritize the involvement of experts to promote legal certainty, factual truth, and fair dispute resolution.

Based on article (Shelley, 2010) Human Trafficking is the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring, or receiving individuals through force, fraud, or corcecion for the purpose of exploiting them profit. This exploitation may include forced labor, sexual slavery, or other forms of commercial sexual exploitation. It is considered a serious violation of human rights and includes a form of modern slavery, a crime against humanity. Human trafficking is a global threat that requires serious attention and real action. Factors such as poverty, political instability, and lack of public awareness make human trafficking increasingly difficult to eradicate. Therefore, there is a need for international cooperation, government, and community cooperation to prevent, protect, and recover victims of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a serious crime that continues to grow, including in Cambodia, which is vulnerable due to geographical and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to analyze the handling of human trafficking cases in Cambodia from the perspective of international legal policy. Sexual exploitation, forced labor, and organ trafficking are the main forms of this crime. Although Cambodia has adopted various laws, its implementation is still hampered by limited resources, corruption, and weak cooperation between countries. International community support such as the Palermo Protocol has helped, but law enforcement remains inconsistent. This study emphasizes the importance of stricter law enforcement and an adequate rehabilitation system for victims. Collaboration between governments and NGOs is urgently needed to create effective solutions and better protection for victims of human trafficking.

The phenomenon of religion-based radicalism remains a serious threat to the sustainability of national and state life, including within educational institutions. Educational institutions hold a strategic role in instilling religious values that are peaceful, tolerant, and civilized. Therefore, religious moderation education has become a vital approach as a preventive measure against radical ideologies. This study aims to examine the role and urgency of religious moderation education as a shield against radicalism in educational institutions. The research method employed is a literature study, analyzing various literatures such as books, scientific articles, and policy documents related to religious moderation and character education. The results show that religious moderation education can instill the values of tawassuth (moderation), tasamuh (tolerance), tawazun (balance), and i‘tidal (justice) in students. These values contribute significantly to forming religious attitudes that are inclusive, humanistic, and non-violent. The implementation of religious moderation education in educational institutions can be achieved through curriculum integration, educator role-modeling, the cultivation of school culture, and the strengthening of contextual religious literacy. Thus, religious moderation education plays a crucial role as an ideological and moral fortress in preventing the entry and growth of radicalism within the educational environment.

The increasing number of malpractice cases in Indonesia, particularly those related to misdiagnosis by medical practitioners, highlights the urgency of law enforcement in the health sector. This study aims to analyze the legal provisions and forms of physician liability for misdiagnosis resulting in patient death. The research employs a normative juridical approach with a library research method, using primary legal materials such as Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, the Criminal Code (KUHP), and the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), as well as secondary legal materials including literature and legal health journals. The findings indicate that misdiagnosis proven to constitute professional negligence (culpa) may give rise to legal liability in three areas—criminal, civil, and administrative. Criminally, Article 440 of Law Number 17 of 2023 stipulates sanctions for medical personnel whose negligence causes serious injury or death (Republic of Indonesia, 2023). Furthermore, hospitals also bear responsibility under the doctrines of vicarious liability and hospital liability for the actions of medical practitioners under their supervision (Balubun, Simanjuntak, & Ginting, 2018). This research implies the need for a balanced legal protection framework between patients’ rights and the professional rights of medical practitioners, as well as the strengthening of medical supervision systems within healthcare institutions.

The Islamic conception of science views knowledge as a unity originating from Allah SWT and directed towards realizing human welfare. Islamic science does not separate the rational, empirical, and spiritual dimensions, but rather integrates revelation, reason, and sensory experience in obtaining truth. Science from an Islamic perspective is understood as a human effort to read and understand the verses of kauniyah as a manifestation of God's power in the universe. This study aims to analyze the Islamic conception of science and its relationship with science, and examine the urgency of integrating the two in facing the challenges of modern science. The research method applied in this study is a literature study with a qualitative approach, through descriptive and interpretive analysis of various relevant literature sources. The research findings indicate that the integration between Islamic science and science plays a strategic role in overcoming the scientific dichotomy, strengthening the ethical foundation of science, and building a scientific paradigm oriented towards the values ​​of monotheism and humanity. Thus, the Islamic conception of science and science offers an alternative, holistic and sustainable scientific framework.

The rapid growth of digital transactions through marketplace platforms has driven significant changes in the consumption patterns of Indonesian society. Behind the convenience and efficiency offered, online transactions also pose various legal risks for consumers, including product mismatches, fraudulent practices, and weak personal data protection. This situation creates an urgency to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of consumer legal protection in digital transactions. This study aims to analyze the level of effectiveness of consumer legal protection in digital transactions in Indonesian marketplaces and to identify obstacles in its implementation. The method used is normative legal research with an approach based on legislation and literature studies, particularly on the Consumer Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019. The research results indicate that although a legal framework for consumer protection is normatively available, its implementation has not been optimal. This is influenced by low consumer legal literacy, weak supervision and law enforcement, unclear responsibilities between business actors and marketplace platforms, and the suboptimal personal data protection system. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen regulations that are adaptive to digital transactions, enhance the role of marketplace platforms, and develop effective online dispute resolution mechanisms to ensure protection and legal certainty for consumers.

The Ciliwung River Basin is a strategic watershed with significant ecological, social, and economic functions, yet it is increasingly threatened by land use change, rapid urbanization, and water pollution, particularly in the Jakarta metropolitan area. This study aims to assess the water quality condition of the Ciliwung River based on real time monitoring data from the ONLIMO system and to examine spatial and temporal variations in water quality status along the middle and downstream segments. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied using secondary data obtained from three ONLIMO monitoring stations, namely Masjid Istiqlal, Pintu Air Manggarai, and Kelapa Dua Srengseng Sawah, during the period of 6–12 May 2025. The analyzed parameters included temperature, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and other relevant physicochemical indicators. The results indicate that the water quality of the Ciliwung River generally falls within lightly to moderately polluted categories, with higher pollution levels observed in the middle segment of the river. Critical parameters influencing pollution status include Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and consistently low dissolved oxygen levels. These findings demonstrate that pollution in the Ciliwung River is persistent and cumulative, highlighting the urgency of integrated watershed management, strengthening real time water quality monitoring, and enhancing cross sector collaboration to support effective pollution control and sustainable river restoration.