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This research was conducted using descriptive research methods. The research was conducted in class VII of SMPN 2 Tasikmalaya with the aim of finding out errors in Indonesian in official letters. Middle school students must be able to master writing skills, one of which is writing official letters. The research results obtained were that there were language errors at the levels of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. This is caused by students' lack of mastery and mastery of Indonesian and the influence of the habit of using their mother tongue or first language. Therefore, students need motivation and awareness to be able to improve their official letter writing skills. Apart from that, there is a need for directed attention and guidance from the teacher.

The background of this research is students’ mistakes in writing review texts based on linguistic level studies. This research analyzes the fields of phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax in the review text of the film entitled Alive. This research aims to obtain results of language analysis errors in grade 8 students at Shuffah Al-Jamaah Tasikmalaya Middle School. The research method uses analytical descriptive research. The sample selection method in this study used a simple random sampling method. The data collection method used is (1) accumulating the results of students’ review texts at school as a data source, (2) reading carefully all data sources, (3) marking and assigning classification codes to the data, (4) classifying data based on the form of error. Language use, (5) presenting and describing data based on forms of language use errors. The instrument used is data analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, the most dominant errors that emerged were errors in the field of phonology, namely the omission of phonemes. Apart from that, it is also often found in the field of morphology regarding reduplication, namely the use of the word repeat with a square sign. The deletion of phonemes and incorrect reduplication of writing occurs, which is done by students to shorten the writing of a word so that the writing process can be completed more quickly without paying attention to good and correct linguistic rules. Students need to concentrate and be more careful in the process of writing activities. Apart from that, teachers also need to provide direction in the form of knowledge and insight regarding the basics of good and correct linguistics to minimize the occurrence of language mistakes and mistakes.

The background of this research is students’ mistakes in writing review texts based on linguistic level studies. This research analyzes the fields of phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax in the review text of the film entitled Alive. This research aims to obtain results of language analysis errors in grade 8 students at Shuffah Al-Jamaah Tasikmalaya Middle School. The research method uses analytical descriptive research. The sample selection method in this study used a simple random sampling method. The data collection method used is (1) accumulating the results of students’ review texts at school as a data source, (2) reading carefully all data sources, (3) marking and assigning classification codes to the data, (4) classifying data based on the form of error. Language use, (5) presenting and describing data based on forms of language use errors. The instrument used is data analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, the most dominant errors that emerged were errors in the field of phonology, namely the omission of phonemes. Apart from that, it is also often found in the field of morphology regarding reduplication, namely the use of the word repeat with a square sign. The deletion of phonemes and incorrect reduplication of writing occurs, which is done by students to shorten the writing of a word so that the writing process can be completed more quickly without paying attention to good and correct linguistic rules. Students need to concentrate and be more careful in the process of writing activities. Apart from that, teachers also need to provide direction in the form of knowledge and insight regarding the basics of good and correct linguistics to minimize the occurrence of language mistakes and mistakes.

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing language errors based on linguistic categories in news about higher education published on the online media Detik.com. The approach applied in this research is descriptive qualitative, which focuses on analyzing and describing language errors in DetikEdu Higher Education category news articles published by Detik.com. The research results showed that of the 15 news stories, the fewest language errors occurred in the phonology category with a total of 5 errors and the most language errors were in the use of Enhanced Spelling (EYD) with a total of 33 errors. Meanwhile, other language errors include morphology with a total of 24 errors, syntax with a total of 23 errors, and semantics with a total of 17 errors.

This article discusses the importance of syntax in forming sentences, phrases and clauses orally and in writing, but the author examines more about syntax in forming sentences. A sentence is the smallest unit of language that contains a complete message expressed orally or in writing. The method used is a qualitative approach based on literature which aims to examine the importance of syntax in forming sentences orally and in writing. The results of the study are then narrated in descriptive form. It can be concluded that the importance of syntax in forming sentences orally and in writing includes the nature of the sentence, syntactic function in basic sentences, derivative sentences (transformation sentences), classification of sentences based on (clause, predicate, and situational relationships), diathesis, and grammatical.

This research aims to design syntax in literature learning using the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model at UPT SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research focuses on the effectiveness of applying PjBL syntax in improving students' literary understanding, critical thinking skills and creativity. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Research findings reveal that the application of the PjBL model in literature learning has a positive impact on student engagement and in-depth understanding of literary material. Project-based evaluations also help students develop collaboration and communication skills. Systematic implementation of PjBL syntax provides a clear and effective learning structure, thereby improving the overall quality of learning.

Language acquisition is one of the main focuses of parents in monitoring children's development. Language acquisition has been the subject of study by linguists from the past to the present. First language acquisition is the process of language acquisition and development that occurs naturally. The purpose of this study is to find out more about children's language acquisition and analyze the extent of their language acquisition. The subject is Muhammad Rayan who is 3 years and 10 months old, the child is in an environment that often uses Banjar language. So that the data obtained also uses Banjar language. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collection is done by recording techniques, direct interaction and recording the data obtained. From the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that there are three very important aspects in children's language acquisition, namely phonological, syntactic and semantic aspects. This is done to determine the extent of a child's language development. Based on the researcher's analysis, children aged 3 years and 10 months can already pronounce vowel and consonant phonemes. Although there are some mistakes in pronunciation. In addition, in the syntactic aspect, children can pronounce words in short sentences with various types, such as statement, question and command sentences. In the semantic aspect, children are able to distinguish words and their use in each speech..

This study aims to examine Indonesian language errors in the explanatory text written by class XI students of MA Hasyim Asy'ari Jogoroto in the 2024/2025 academic year. The focus of the research, namely analyzing Indonesian language errors in the fields of phonology, morophology, syntax, and semantics This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The data source used is the explanatory text written by students. The research subjects were students of class XI IIS 1 MA Hasyim Asy'ari, Jogoroto. The data collection technique in the research is documentation technique. The data analysis technique in the research consists of; (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) verification and conclusion. The results found consisted of 25 Indonesian language errors including, five phonological errors, 13 morphological errors, five syntactic errors, and two semantic errors. Phonological errors consisted of two capital letters, two punctuation marks, and one phoneme omission. Errors in morphology consist of five nonstandard word writings, two word merging errors, one non-yielding affixation writing, and five affixation writing errors. Syntax errors consisted of two redundant word usage three inappropriate diction choices, and semantic errors consisted of two findings.

Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies phrases, clauses and sentences. This article focuses more on analyzing sentences in a text, where the sentence itself is a language unit that is relatively independent, has final intonation, and actually or potentially consists of clauses. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of sentences in opinion texts on the August 2023 edition of “Harian Jogja” as educational reading in terms of sentence structure and word choice. The type of research method used is descriptive qualitative research method and syntactic approach. The research data are the results of identifying ineffective sentences used in opinion texts on the “Harian Jogja” August 2023 Edition as Educational Reading. The data collection technique used is the syntactic approach in the form of listening and note-taking techniques. The informal method is used as a data presentation technique in this research. The data presentation is written in the form of a table containing some ineffective sentences and their improvements. From the analysis, 121 sentences were found consisting of 58 effective sentences and 63 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Peubahan Iklim dan Peran Masyarakat Memilah Sampah” there are 17 effective sentences and 22 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Mencermati Arsitektur RAPBN 2024,” there are 19 effective sentences and 18 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Peluang dan Tantangan Pertukaran Karbon,” there are 22 effective sentences and 23 ineffective sentences. This research produces several ineffective sentences which are classified into 3 namely waste in the use of words, inaccuracy in the use of words, and the last is the incompatibility of the information provided. In this analysis, the researcher uses one of the opinion texts as an example or sample, namely the opinion text entitled “Perubahan Iklim dan Peran Masyarakat dalam Memilah Sampah”. From the analysis of the opinion text which is composed of 39 sentences, there are 22 ineffective sentences. This study is useful as a guideline for writing effective sentences, besides that writers can pay more attention to writing in an opinion text that is by the rules of language.

The development of the times is accompanied by progress in various fields of life, such as science, technology, and economics. Progress is also felt in the scientific field of journalism. One of the terms in the field of journalism that is commonly known by the general public is print mass media, such as newspapers. Today's newspapers are not only printed on paper, but many newspapers have created their own blogs or pages so that news can be read online. The aim of this research is to analyze language errors based on the classification of linguistic categories, namely syntax, which includes the areas of spelling and sentence effectiveness. The data source is several news stories published on the detikNews website in the February 2024 edition. The data was then analyzed using the listening method and note-taking techniques. The results of the research showed that there were 52 errors in the use of spelling and punctuation, which were described as follows: a) there were 11 errors in writing foreign words; b) there were 8 errors in writing numbers; c) there were 13 errors in writing capital letters; d) there were 15 errors in the use of punctuation marks; e) there were 5 errors in writing pronouns. Apart from that, there were 44 errors in the use of ineffective sentences, which are described as follows: a) there were 14 errors in choosing diction; b) there are 10 sentences with no subject or predicate; c) there are 9 sentences with overlapping words; d) there are 11 long-winded sentences. It is hoped that the results of the analysis in this article will increase understanding and deeper knowledge regarding linguistics, namely syntax, including the areas of spelling and word choice and their use, knowledge about the types, as well as providing suitable teaching materials for class X high school students for them to carry out assessments and considerations. about adolescent social behavior critically.

Drama scripts are one of the learning materials for 10th grade high school students. A collection of drama scripts on an online platform can be a source of reading and teaching materials for students. This study aims to determine the types of direct sentences in a collection of drama scripts on the Brain Academy website as teaching materials for 10th grade high school. This research will analyze the types of direct sentences in a collection of drama scripts. The data source in this research comes from the Brain Academy website, with 10 drama scripts as the benchmark. This research uses a methodological approach in the form of a qualitative descriptive method and a theoretical approach in the form of syntax. Data collection in this research uses listening and note-taking techniques. The data analysis processing used in this article is the agih method with the basic technique for direct elements. The data presentation used in this article uses formal and informal data presentation in the form of tables, diagrams, and narratives. Based on the analysis, it was found that the most used sentence type in the ten drama scripts is declarative with 100 sentences, and the least used is interjective with 11 sentences. The interrogative sentences found amounted to 44 sentences, imperative sentences amounted to 12 sentences, and inappropriate sentences amounted to 52 sentences. So, the total amount of data is 219 sentences.

This study aims to evaluate the structure of sentence function patterns and language errors in news texts published on the CNN Indonesia website in the January 2024 edition. The reason for this research stems from the need to understand the right sentence structure and appropriate language in the context of news to improve language skills in students, especially level XII. The method used in this analysis is by analyzing the data. Several stages are used in analyzing sentence patterns including reading news from online websites, reducing data according to theory, identifying, analyzing, formulating, and presenting the data obtained. This research focuses on sentence patterns and language errors that may occur. This analysis aims to identify commonly used sentence patterns and language errors that commonly occur when composing texts. The results show that there are errors in sentence function patterns and language errors, in language errors such as term usage, word usage, punctuation usage, sentence clarification, sentence repetition, and syntax errors, among others. This analysis provides a deeper understanding of the linguistic aspects that need to be considered when composing texts. The advantage of this research is that it provides useful learning materials for grade XII students to improve their understanding of sentence structure and grammar in news writing. The researcher hopes that with a deeper understanding of the correct use of language, students will be able to improve their writing skills.

The use of the Indonesian language, particularly in spelling, has not been fully executed properly, especially in textbooks. Textbooks, especially Indonesian language textbooks, as the primary learning source, should serve as examples of standardized and error-free texts. However, in reality, many language errors are still found in the non-fiction texts of Indonesian language textbooks. This research describes syntax language errors in the Indonesian Language Textbook for Grade VIII published by the Curriculum and Book Development Center of the Ministry of Education and Culture. The research method used is Qualitative Descriptive. The results of the research include language errors in the Grade VIII Indonesian Language Textbook published by the Curriculum and Book Development Center of the Ministry of Education and Culture in the field of syntax, which include: conjunction errors, punctuation errors, misspellings not in accordance with KBBI (Indonesian Dictionary), and sentence ineffectiveness. From the research findings, it can be concluded that Indonesian language textbooks serve as good learning resources, but the various errors found indicate that Indonesian language textbooks are still not effective for learning. This research was conducted to identify language errors in Indonesian language textbooks in order to pay more attention to their effectiveness in learning.

Language use in everyday life is often incorrect, particularly in informal conversations. The correct and proper use of language also impacts an individual's reading process. Quality writing is characterized by the use of good and correct language conventions. However, many still encounter language errors in texts. Analyzing syntactic errors in short stories is necessary to identify and explain them. The aim of this study was to analyze language errors in the short stories "The Ceded Storm" and "The Red Forest" by Fauzia, as part of an intensive reading program for Indonesian language and literature students at Semarang State University. The study employed deductive methods and theoretical approaches, conducting analyses by identifying language errors in the short stories. A qualitative descriptive approach was used as part of the methodology, while language error analysis incorporated a theoretical framework. Data collection techniques included reading and note-taking. The data collection process involved three steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, and (3) data presentation. Researchers examined the short stories "The Ceded Storm" and "The Red Forest" by Fauzia. The research highlighted numerous potential errors, including capitalization, punctuation, word choice or diction, usage of strong words, and conjunctions. The study aimed to identify factors contributing to the short stories' lack of quality and provide insights through a detailed analysis.

The use of effective sentences has a strong influence on the quality of the content of a work. In cerpen writing, it is necessary to use effective language so that both the written and the implied meanings of cerpen can be well conveyed. The study aims to describe the forms of error in the use of sentences effectively in the formation of content quality on cerpen, as well as to present a comprehensive analysis of the linguistic aspects in the cerpen anthology "Back the Window of Ibnu Abbas" as a source of reading for students of 8th grade high school. The study uses qualitative descriptive methods through a language analysis approach by evaluating the quality of the content and effectiveness of the sentences in the book. This research data is a sentence quotation in a cerpen in which there are written errors in the use of effective sentences. Data collection techniques are done with reading and recording techniques. The results of this study found: (1) repetition of verbs, (2) inappropriate dictionary selection, (3) passing sentences, and (4) ambiguous sentences in a cerpen. Such errors make sentences less effective and affect the quality of the cerpen content. The findings of this study provide an in-depth understanding of how the structure of sentences, the meaning of words, the context of language usage, and the form of words influence the understanding and experience of readers of a literary work.

Understanding literacy and linguistics in Indonesia, especially through novel reading, plays an important role in honing students' cognitive skills, such as critical and creative thinking. Syntax as part of linguistic studies, helps students understand language structures that support effective communication and deeper literary appreciation. This study aims to understand the structure and function of active and passive sentences in Indonesian focusing on the types of active and passive sentences and the role of sentence elements in shaping meaning. This study uses methodological and theoretical approaches with qualitative and syntactic descriptive methods to analyze the pattern of sentence function in the novel "9 of Nadira" by Leila S. Chudori. The research process involves data collection, classification, analysis, and presentation of data with listen, record, and bill techniques. The results showed that the sentence function pattern in the novel "9 of Nadira" by Leila S. Chudori uses different sentence patterns in each active and passive voice. Transitive and bitransitive active sentences have additional objects and complements, while intransitive sentences do not, and only sentences with objects can be changed to passive by undergoing changes in their predicates. This research has the benefit of providing a deeper understanding of the structure and function of active and passive sentences in Indonesian.  

This research is motivated by the quality of content and compound sentences. A compound sentence is a sentence that has two or more subordinate clauses connected by a conjunction. Compound sentences with several types will expand the scope of analysis in this research. These types include equivalent compounds, multilevel compounds, dense compounds, expanded compounds, and mixed compounds. However, our team's analysis was limited to three compound sentences, namely equivalent compound sentences (coordinative compound sentences), graded compound sentences (subordinating compound sentences), and mixed compound sentences. This research aims to evaluate the quality of the short story content in the short story anthology book entitled “Rinduku Sederas Hujan Sore Itu” and to expand the intellectual level of readers and writers. Researchers use qualitative research techniques which are classified as a type of qualitative descriptive research, namely trying to build existing facts to present information as it is. Through the results of the research, it was found: (1) the short stories in the short story collection “Rinduku Sederas Hujan Sore Itu” have different qualities, some are easy to understand, some are difficult to understand, (2) equivalent compound sentences are found more often, and (3) compound sentences in short story collections often appear in compound sentences with two clauses. It is hoped that this research can better help readers understand heavy texts and how to classify heavy texts in the short story anthology “Rinduku Sederas Hujan Sore Itu”.

News is a text that has an important role in disseminating information. News text is so useful that it has become a literacy material for students due to the development of advanced technology. Although it has become one of the sources of student literacy, online news texts are still classified as having syntactic errors such as a lack of understanding of the language used in compiling a sentence in the news. The purpose of this study is to describe sentence errors in the news contained in the old CNN Indonesia news, such as "December Sky Phenomena: Geminid Meteor Shower to Solstice", "Mandalika Circuit's Important Role in Bringing Indonesian Drivers to Success in Asia", "Solar Storms Raining on Earth, RI Safe?", "The First Candidate Debate will be Held at the KPU Office on December 12", and "When HIV Tests Become a Scary Scourge Because of People's Scorn". This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study found several findings such as effective sentences, ineffective sentences, spelling errors according to EYD, errors in the use of diction, and sentences that are not clear to the reader. The most common error found in the five news articles is ineffective sentences. The benefit of this research is to provide knowledge insights in the form of understanding sentence writing systematically, which will be useful in improving understanding of authorship in news texts and preventing errors from occurring again in the same news so that it is worthy of being a literacy material for 12th grade high school students.

The existence of online news in the midst of students can be considered as a source of easy information acquisition. Not only as information acquisition but also as a chapter of material used as learning material for grade XI high school students. The selection of news texts for students should be considered as a source of reading. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of sentence function patterns in CNN online news texts as a reading source for grade XI high school students. This research article uses a theoretical approach, namely a syntactic approach by analyzing the types and forms of sentence patterns. As for this research, the qualitative descriptive method is used to analyze related data. The researcher performs listening and recording techniques on CNN online news text to understand the content contained in the news text, then the researcher records the analysis of single sentence patterns and compound sentences contained in the news text using the agih method. From the data analysis that has been done, it was found that there are 49 single sentences and 33 compound sentences in CNN news whose sentence function patterns are simple and easy to understand for reading sources for high school grade XI students. The results of the analysis in this article are expected to add a deeper understanding and knowledge about the types and patterns of sentence functions and their feasibility to be used as a reading resource for students of grade XI SMA. Sentence patterns and their usage as well as knowledge about their types can be used as a reading resource for students.

Language is an efficient way to express ideas, emotions, and feelings to communicate a concept through verbal and non-verbal means. Comprehensive learning of language skills is intended to promote emotional, social, and intellectual development, and is useful for filtering important information. The purpose of this study is to determine the location of language errors from the module used, namely in the Indonesian teaching module by Foy Ario, M.Pd, as the feasibility of teaching materials for critical reading for class XII students, so that it can be used as a revision in the future to obtain a quality module, both in terms of the information conveyed and the language used. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach as well as a syntactic theoretical approach and analyzes data through data collection, data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. The results obtained show that the writing of editorial text contained in the Indonesian language teaching module Class XII SMA by Foy Ario is found to use diction that is not by the rules. This is based on standardized word errors, conjunction errors, punctuation errors, word beheading errors, and errors in the accuracy of word usage and effective sentences. The research can be useful as a reference for understanding language identification in scientific papers.