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The rapid growth of cross-platform applications has significantly increased the volume and diversity of sensitive user data processed across heterogeneous and distributed environments. Personally identifiable information, device identifiers, behavioral data, and financial information are routinely collected to support personalization, analytics, and service optimization. While these practices enhance application functionality and user experience, they also introduce substantial privacy risks, including unauthorized data access, device fingerprint–based re-identification, cross-user data leakage, and large-scale data breaches. These risks are further amplified by distributed processing architectures and extensive third-party library integrations commonly used in modern cross-platform systems. This study aims to systematically analyze privacy issues in cross-platform applications by examining the types of sensitive data involved, identifying dominant privacy threats, and reviewing state-of-the-art privacy-preserving mitigation strategies. A systematic literature-based methodology was employed, focusing on recent Scopus-indexed journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters. The analysis synthesizes findings using thematic categorization and a conceptual research framework that maps sensitive data sources to privacy threats and corresponding mitigation mechanisms. The results indicate that privacy risks in cross-platform applications originate not only from external attacks but also from internal architectural weaknesses, such as flawed authorization logic and excessive data sharing across system components. Privacy-preserving techniques including differential privacy, federated learning, blockchain-based data governance, secure multi-party computation, and fine-grained access control mechanisms are shown to provide stronger privacy guarantees compared to conventional centralized approaches. However, these techniques also present trade-offs related to system complexity and performance. Overall, the study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-layered, privacy-by-design approach to ensure sustainable, trustworthy, and regulation-compliant cross-platform application development.

This examination means to investigate and recognize the different sources and components adding to income age in the financial area inside the City of Medan. The study evaluates the various sources, instruments, and strategies utilized by banks to generate income and delves into the intricate details of revenue streams. Using a blended strategies approach, the exploration consolidates both quantitative information investigation and subjective experiences from key partners inside the financial business. The quantitative perspective includes the examination of fiscal summaries, pay reports, and execution pointers, giving a complete outline of income patterns. Key central places of the exploration incorporate the ID of premium pay, expense-based pay, and other subordinate sources adding to the general income of banks in Medan. The subjective part includes meetings and conversations with banking leaders and controllers to accumulate nuanced experiences about the techniques utilized for income expansion and maintainability. Primer discoveries show a different scene of income sources, including conventional financial exercises, imaginative monetary items, and computerized administrations. The examination adds to the comprehension of the elements of income recognizable proof in the financial area, giving important bits of knowledge to monetary foundations, policymakers, and industry experts.

This research aims to find out how teachers perceive the implementation of TPACK in current social studies learning. Learning has now entered the 21st century which requires teachers to be able to have communication and collaboration skills as well as utilize technology in the learning process within a framework in the form of TPACK. There are 7 components that need to be known in TPACK, including Technological Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The purpose of this article is to find out the views or perceptions of teachers in implementing TPACK in elementary school social studies learning. This research method uses library research, namely a method with a data collection process by understanding and studying theories from various literature study sources related to research issues or problems. The results of the research are that teachers' perceptions regarding the implementation of TPACK are very important and the components in the TPACK section need teachers to understand and apply them to students in the 21st century learning process.

This research aims to find out how teachers perceive the implementation of TPACK in current social studies learning. Learning has now entered the 21st century which requires teachers to be able to have communication and collaboration skills as well as utilize technology in the learning process within a framework in the form of TPACK. There are 7 components that need to be known in TPACK, including Technological Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The purpose of this article is to find out the views or perceptions of teachers in implementing TPACK in elementary school social studies learning. This research method uses library research, namely a method with a data collection process by understanding and studying theories from various literature study sources related to research issues or problems. The results of the research are that teachers' perceptions regarding the implementation of TPACK are very important and the components in the TPACK section need teachers to understand and apply them to students in the 21st century learning process.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the influence of the 4P Marketing Mix on consumer decisions regarding PTPN IV Butong Tea & Tobasari Tea retail products. Marketing Mix 4P includes four main components, namely product, price, place and promotion, which are interrelated and have the potential to influence consumer decisions. In this context, Butong Tea & Tobasari Tea were chosen as retail products offered by PTPN IV. The research method used in this study involves interviews with willing sources as a means of collecting data. Research respondents were consumers of Butong Tea & Tobasari Tea who were randomly selected. The data collected will be analyzed using the narrative analysis method to identify the influence of each 4P Marketing Mix component on consumer decisions. The hope is that this research can provide more in-depth knowledge about the factors that influence consumer decisions in choosing Butong Tea & Tobasari Tea. Moreover, the main aim of this research is also expected to provide broader understanding for PTPN IV in optimizing their marketing strategy to increase product interest so that it influences consumer decisions. The conclusions from this research can contribute to knowledge and understanding of the influence of the 4P Marketing Mix on consumer decisions in the context of Butong Tea & Tobasari Tea retail products. Companies need to consider the principles of justice, business ethics, managerial skills, social responsibility, and halal transactions in marketing strategies and consumer decisions. This research can also provide practical input for PTPN IV and the tea industry in general in developing effective marketing strategies to increase sales and consumer satisfaction.

Particularly in the context of the technological industrial revolution, information technology is developing more quickly. We cannot prevent technological development in this life because it will inevitably follow scientific advancements in science. Educational technology has the power to transform traditional teaching methods into innovative ones. Even though the term "educational technology" has a very broad definition, it is frequently assumed to refer only to electronics or other technical tools. For this reason, we will talk more about educational technology in this article, particularly as it relates to its development in the context of science's rapid advancement. as well as society culture and technology Programming breakthroughs have virtually eliminated the need for manual implementation Our work and interests these days often stress our proficiency with computers. Logical thinking is crucial to the development of this revolution in order to comprehend its components, particularly the interconnectedness of computer programming algorithms and mathematics. In order to ascertain the actualization of this programming procedure, the literature analysis method was employed in the composition of this work. The sources for this article's collection included books and a number of earlier publications, the titles of which were created using bibliometric techniques. Thus, it is believed that the development of technological knowledge can proceed without hiccups with the involvement of algorithmic programming so that students can enhance the caliber of the amalgamation of technological information in the industrial revolution.

Digital financial services provided by fintech companies operate or make use of digital technologies. One of the banks that has offered digital fintech-based services are Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru. These services include virtual account services, cash management systems, online banking, m-banking (M-DIN), and ATMs. the necessity of putting into practice marketing tactics that increase client happiness and faith in these services. The purpose of this study is to identify the Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru's digital fintech-based marketing strategy for customer service. At Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru, this kind of research is considered field research. This study is descriptive qualitative in nature. Interviews and documentation were used to obtain data. The key data sources used were interviews with Bank Muamalat sub-branch managers, customer care representatives, and consumers KCP Medan Baru, whereas secondary sources are drawn from written works or other types of documentation to supplement primary data. According to the research, it is known that Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru has applied a number of shari'ah marketing indicators, including a number of marketing mix components. Promotion has dominated marketing tactics throughout the Bank's existence. Brands, services, and procedures produce marketing value. Additionally, Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru is inextricably linked to the three key tenets of shari'ah marketing—piety, moderation, and virtue. The Principle of Piety is the one that is used the most frequently. Additionally, Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru should assess or enhance its marketing tactics for digital fintech services continuous attempts to increase usage of the system due to the fact that some clients are still unaware of Muamalat's digital fintech offerings, particularly its virtual accounts, cash management systems, and online banking.

This research aims to determine the internal control system for merchandise inventory in the company and the internal control system for merchandise inventory using COSO as well as the obstacles faced in the internal control system for merchandise inventory. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The data sources for this research are primary data and secondary data. The research results obtained from this research are: firstly, the internal control system for merchandise inventory at the Oriens Jaya Medan Motor Vehicle Spare Parts Distributor is implemented based on established procedures, secondly, the internal control system for merchandise inventory uses COSO from 5 (five) components which have 17 ( seventeen) the principles contained in all of these principles have been answered but there are some that do not yet exist in the company including code of ethics and ethical standards, officially written organizational structure, does not have an audit committee, does not have CCTV, does not set strict sanctions , and there was no bar code scanning device, and the third problem faced was human error which resulted in inventory differences and delays in sending goods by expeditions, damage to goods due to expeditions and customers (shops) taking a long time to send returned goods.

This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research, because in this research it will describe the condition of the object and the researcher plays the role of being the key instrument that will process the data. This research was carried out naturally, this research chose to focus on the conditions existing at the Dessy Course and Training Institute (LKP), Bergas District. The data collection technique in this research uses 3 data collection techniques, namely semi-structured interviews, documentation and triagulation. The data sources in this research are subject sources who have the information needed to support this research, namely managers, teachers, employees, members and alumni of LKP Dessy. LKP is a form of non-formal education unit organized for people who need knowledge, skills, life skills and attitudes to develop themselves, develop their profession, work, do independent business and/or continue their education to a higher level. In carrying out the LKP, good management is also required, namely in the selection of management strategies by the management. Strategic management is a series of managerial decisions and actions that determine company performance in the long term. Strategic management includes long-term planning, strategy implementation, evaluation and control. This research aims to qualitatively describe strategic management at LKP Dessy, Bergas District. The results of the analysis show that strategic management at LKP Dessy can be described using one of the stages in company development, namely strategic management whose components include environmental observation, strategy formulation by determining the LKP program plan, LKP program planning, strategy implementation, evaluation and control.

In the current era of globalization, management information systems play a very important role where information systems cannot be realized without database processes because the two are related. The use of databases is very important because it involves computer processing which basically contains two components, namely data and instructions (programs). A database management system (DBMS) is software (program) that organizes, classifies and also displays stored data in a database using various applications. The purpose of this research is to solve several problems related to data security, concurrency and events that are good and appropriate at Pt Sierad Produce. The method used in this research is a qualitative method of seeking comprehensive information from the database management system library information sources books, articles and other library sources. The result of this research is PT Sierad Product can overcome information security problems with information security methods of information, electronic security, physical security and procedural security in data processing and minimize vulnerabilities.

In the current era of globalization, management information systems play a very important role where information systems cannot be realized without database processes because the two are related. The use of databases is very important because it involves computer processing which basically contains two components, namely data and instructions (programs). A database management system (DBMS) is software (program) that organizes, classifies and also displays stored data in a database using various applications. The purpose of this research is to solve several problems related to data security, concurrency and events that are good and appropriate at Pt Sierad Produce. The method used in this research is a qualitative method of seeking comprehensive information from the database management system library information sources books, articles and other library sources. The result of this research is PT Sierad Product can overcome information security problems with information security methods of information, electronic security, physical security and procedural security in data processing and minimize vulnerabilities.

A control environment is crucial to preventing businesses at the Makassar Tax Office from committing fraud. Due to its collection of state funds and access to private taxpayer data, including financial and personal identification, it is susceptible to fraud. This study assesses the various elements of the control environment at the Makassar Intermediate Tax Service Office using the COSO Internal Control Framework, 2021 edition. A case study and a qualitative descriptive method are both used in this research. There are 85 workers in this tax office. Semi-structured interviews with twenty informants from different departments were used to gather primary data. Literature reviews, reports, regulations, and internet sources were used to gather secondary data. The use of theme analysis is one of the novel ideas in this study. 37 themes were the outcome, and these served as measurements to assess if the environmental control components were appropriate. The Makassar Intermediate Tax Service Office possesses 28 out of 37 measures, as indicated by the research findings. The findings show that working hours violations are a component of "The organisation demonstrates commitment to integrity and ethical values." The Indonesian Financial Audit Agency's research indicates that for components to function independently, an internal compliance unit is necessary.      

The study of leadership includes autnetic leadership. This focuses on the genuineness and authenticity of authentic leadership. Authentic leadership is about authentic leaders and their leadership, as described in this method. In order to understand what authentic leadership is, authentic approaches, authentic components, and authentic variables must first be identified. Although the information used in this study is secondary. Secondary data is information that researchers have gleaned from pre-existing sources or from the findings of studies and documents that have been preserved as research artifacts. The conduct of leaders and followers is positively impacted by authentic leadership style. Although it can happen, genuine development is difficult to construct    

The communication system is related to the growing communication network in society. The components discussed when discussing communication systems include non-media communication systems and media communication. This type of research is qualitative research which describes data using a series of sentences. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Descriptive method is a method whose data sources are words, pictures, and data from books, journals and other scientific works. In addition, everything that is collected is likely to be the key to what has been researched. So the use of this method does not produce data in the form of numbers, but data that is descriptive in nature. This study uses written data sourced from scientific journals and previous research. In today's digital era, da'wah media is very important in spreading religious messages, especially in Islam. Salam TV is a communication system that plays an important role in spreading Islamic da'wah through da'wah media. Through Salam TV, Islamic da'wah messages can reach a wide audience, convey the right da'wah messages, play a role in religious education, and encourage positive social interaction.

The purpose of this paper is to find out how "Container Handling and Arrangement at PT. Terminal Peti Kemas (TPK) Pelindo Belawan. The purpose of this study is to explore various aspects of Container Handling and Arrangement at PT. Terminal Peti Kemas (TPK) Pelindo Belawan in the context of the modern logistics industry. This study will discuss the latest methods and technologies used in container management, as well as their impact on operational efficiency and cost reduction. Container handling and arrangement are important components in international trade, so they require careful planning and implementation. By investing in new equipment, implementing automation technology, developing efficient logistics systems, and providing training and development programs, ports can improve efficiency and effectiveness in container handling and arrangement. The data used in this study are primary data obtained through field research, direct interviews with the company and secondary data obtained from books and journals in the library (library research) or other reading sources related to the subject matter taken.

The need for water, especially clean water, is currently increasing rapidly in line with the increase in population and the need for people to meet their needs such as drinking, cooking, washing, bathing, toilets and other activities. The high population growth has resulted in not all components of society being able to enjoy clean water. As a result, many of them use groundwater and river water where the quality of the water sources cannot be ascertained. This also applies to residents in the Deket District, Lamongan Regency. Therefore, community service activities are carried out by making water filtration technology sourced from the Deket River using the Slow Sand Filter method using up flow. The results of the filtration process analysis showed that the turbidity value decreased by 83.70%, hardness by 91.27%, pH reached 7.7, manganese by 82.47% and iron by 59.38%.

              The objectives of this study were to: (1) find out how the implementation of anti-corruption education in order to strengthen the value of honesty character in class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Mojolaban (2) find out whether the implementation of anti-corruption education is correct to strengthen the value of honesty character in class VIII students. (3) Knowing the factors that support and hinder the implementation of anti-corruption education in order to strengthen the value of the character of honesty in class VIII students.This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Mojolaban. The subjects of this research include principals, vice principals, PPKn teachers, and students. The data source uses primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The validity of the data was tested by technique triangulation and source triangulation. The research data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis technique with an interactive model.             The results of the study can be concluded that: 1) SMP Negeri 1 Mojolaban has provided anti-corruption education lessons because anti-corruption education is very important to learn with anti-corruption education in the curriculum can teach students to be honest, responsible and teach things about the dangers of committing crimes. corruption, so that students in the future of our country can be free from corrupt behavior. 2) True anti-corruption education is a reinforcement of the character value of honesty. 3) there are 2 influencing factors, namely: a. supporting factors: teacher commitment, adequate school infrastructure, parental support, conducive environment, cooperation of all components, teachers working together, the role of BK teachers in dealing with students; b. Inhibiting factors: The Covid-19 outbreak, lack of motivation, differences of opinion, teachers feel overwhelmed, the ability of teachers to choose subjects, anti-corruption education has not been fully implemented, there are still some teachers who have not integrated, and students' low interest in learning.