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The global ecological crisis demands that the church reconsider its calling as a participant in the missio Dei, which encompasses the restoration of all creation. This study aims to examine the concept of eco-missional stewardship as a model of Christian leadership that integrates spirituality, mission, and ecological responsibility. Using a theological-descriptive approach, this study interprets biblical texts and contemporary theological literature to formulate a leadership paradigm oriented toward the care of creation. The results show that stewardship leadership positions Christian leaders as stewards of God's will, guiding the church to live in harmony with creation through love, justice, and sustainability. Leadership rooted in ecological spirituality affirms that caring for the earth is an active expression of faith. Thus, eco-missional stewardship becomes a theological paradigm that expands the church's mission from human salvation to the reconciliation of all creation. These findings contribute to the development of a contextual and environmentally friendly theology of leadership.

Urban riverbank areas are strategic spaces that hold ecological, social, cultural, and economic significance. In Pematang Siantar City, the Bah Bolon River has the potential to be developed as a sustainable urban ecotourism corridor. However, its current condition is marked by environmental degradation, infrastructure limitations, and poor spatial utilization. This study aims to identify development strategies that integrate environmental conservation, community-based tourism, and urban revitalization through placemaking and sustainable planning. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach focusing on the Bah Bolon River area in Pematang Siantar City. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, documentation review, and literature studies. The analysis involved descriptive mapping, SWOT analysis, community preference surveys, and land suitability assessments. Findings revealed that three key river segments—RINDAM I/BB area, Jalan Diponegoro–Jalan Jenderal Sudirman corridor, and the Quan Im Temple zone—exhibit varying levels of potential for ecotourism, cultural heritage, and public green space development. Key issues include pollution, informal land use, weak coordination, and insufficient infrastructure. Development opportunities include white-water rafting, thematic parks, spiritual reflection gardens, and creative economic zones. The study proposes an integrated riverbank development strategy, encompassing spatial zoning, ecological restoration, tourism infrastructure, community empowerment, and regional branding. It recommends the establishment of a multi-sector management agency, master planning, and cross-stakeholder collaboration to transform Bah Bolon River into a sustainable, inclusive, and resilient urban corridor.

The land of the former Pit B limestone mine of PT Semen Baturaja has failed to plant and grow dwarf plants at several locations due to low nutrient content, such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Soil PH, C-Organic, and cation exchange capacity (KTK). This condition causes the plant not to grow optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of Rhizobium sp bacteria on the growth of Sengon plants (Falcataria moluccana) using polybag media on the land. The method used was an experiment with the treatment of giving Rhizobium sp in various doses. The results of the study showed that the administration of Rhizobium sp had a real effect on increasing the growth of sengon plants. Based on laboratory observations and analysis, there is a change in soil pH from slightly alkaline to neutral after treatment. The C-Organic content increased from medium to very high, while the Nitrogen content rose from medium to high. The elements of Phosphorus, Potassium, and KTK have also increased significantly and are classified as very high. The best treatment is obtained at a dose of 30 grams of Rhizobium sp, which gives optimal results on an increase in plant height and root length. These findings suggest that the application of Rhizobium sp can be an effective biotechnology alternative in post-mining land rehabilitation, particularly in improving soil fertility and forestry crop productivity. This research contributes to environmental management and the use of microorganisms in the restoration of degraded ecosystems.

Background: Half of the 75 million children in Indonesia suffer from dental caries, and the number continues to rise each year. Caries is a disease that involves the enamel, dentin, and pulp of the tooth. If left untreated, it can reach the pulp and cause tooth necrosis. Pulpectomy is a dental procedure that involves removing the entire pulp tissue of deciduous teeth to access the infected root canal. This procedure is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Post-pulpectomy restoration is essential to ensure the optimal function of the tooth and prevent further damage to the remaining tooth structure. The restoration must have adequate retention, minimal leakage, and not increase the risk of further damage to the remaining tooth structure. Methodology: This study is a qualitative research in the form of a literature review using secondary data collected in August 2024 from five main databases: PubMed, MDPI, ScienceDirect, Garuda (Garba Rujukan Digital), and Taylor & Francis. The collected data were then sorted to identify articles relevant to the research criteria. Results and Discussion: Based on the Prisma Diagram Flow, 343 articles were identified from the five databases, which were then filtered down to five articles that met the criteria to be the primary articles in this literature review. The results show that there are various types of post-pulpectomy restorations tailored to the diagnosis and clinical indications of the treated teeth. Conclusion: There are two commonly used types of post-pulpectomy restorations, namely restorations made of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and Stainless Steel Crowns (SSC). Both of these restorations can be modified into space maintainers, which are essential in preserving space for the future growth of permanent teeth while improving the function of the treated tooth.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for victims of human trafficking in Indonesia, based on Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking. Legal protection for victims encompasses preventive measures, case handling, and the restoration of victims’ rights through available legal mechanisms. The focus of this research is to evaluate how far the existing regulations can provide comprehensive protection for victims—beginning from the victim identification process, through judicial proceedings, and continuing to social rehabilitation and reintegration into society. This study applies a normative juridical method that emphasizes legal norms and regulations in force. It also highlights the importance of synergy among law enforcement agencies, the government, and non-governmental organizations to ensure optimal protection for trafficking victims. The research identifies several challenges in the implementation of legal protection, such as limited human resources and inadequate facilities, lack of public legal awareness, and judicial processes that are often slow and unresponsive to victims’ needs. Another major obstacle is the lack of access to legal aid and recovery services, which are crucial for supporting victims’ reintegration and fulfillment of their human rights. This paper seeks to provide a clearer understanding of the current conditions regarding legal protection for human trafficking victims in Indonesia and to formulate recommendations for more effective and integrated policy improvements. Enhancing legal frameworks and improving inter-agency coordination are essential steps toward ensuring victims receive justice and the protection they are entitled to under human rights principles.

This study examines the legal protection of the owner of the means of transportation in cases of unlawful acts (PMH) related to state deprivation, based on the Study of Decision Number 27/Pdt.G/2019/Pn.Tbk. The main focus of this study is to analyze the legal position of the owner of the transportation facilities who are not directly involved in the crime, but suffer losses due to acts of confiscation by the state. The research method used is empirical normative with a case study approach. The results of the study show that the court in the decision did not provide adequate protection for the civil rights of the owner of the means of transport, even though there was no evidence of direct involvement in the crime. This decision indicates the weak legal protection for third parties in good faith and the importance of strengthening the principle of due process of law in the process of confiscation by the state so as not to violate legitimate civil rights. This study recommends the need for a clearer regulation of the mechanism of objection and restoration of rights for parties aggrieved by acts of state deprivation.

This normative legal study examines the potential and challenges of implementing restorative justice approaches in cases involving corporate perpetrators within Indonesia's criminal justice system. The research employs statute, conceptual, and case approaches to analyze legal principles, norms, and court decisions related to corporate criminal liability and restorative justice mechanisms. Through comprehensive literature review of international academic databases and examination of Indonesia's legal framework, including the New Criminal Code of 2023 and Prosecutor's Regulation No. 15 of 2020, the study reveals that restorative justice offers a transformative alternative to traditional retributive models by prioritizing restoration, rehabilitation, and reconciliation between corporate offenders, victims, and affected communities. The dual track system selective model emerges as the most appropriate framework for corporate restorative justice implementation, enabling selective application while maintaining prosecutorial discretion for serious offenses. However, significant challenges persist, including the absence of specific regulatory frameworks for corporate actors, structural complexities arising from the non-personified nature of corporate entities, and profound power imbalances between corporations and victims that threaten process integrity. The study demonstrates that successful implementation requires comprehensive legal reforms, enhanced institutional capacity, robust victim support mechanisms, and safeguards against corporate manipulation. The research concludes that while restorative justice holds considerable promise for enhancing corporate accountability and victim restoration, effective implementation is contingent upon establishing clear legal frameworks, technical guidelines, and protective measures that address inherent power asymmetries between corporate offenders and their victims.

The church's diaconal practice faces a crisis of effectiveness. The dominant model of charitable diakonia (almsgiving) has proven ineffective in addressing the root causes of poverty and structural injustice. Empirical studies show that this failure is often not due to a lack of resources, but rather a failure of strategic management and a narrow theological understanding of diaconal practice itself. This research argues that to respond to poverty effectively, the church requires a dual paradigmatic shift. First, a theological shift in service from charitable diakonia to transformative diakonia, grounded in Liberation Theology and Reformed social justice spirituality. Second, a conceptual shift in "management" from a secular concept to the theological practice of "Transformative Oikonomia", a prophetic stewardship rooted in scripture (Acts 6) and ecumenical frameworks (WCC). Using a qualitative literature review methodology, the author reconstructs a management model for effective and just ministry. In this model, "effectiveness" is redefined and measured not by logistical outputs, but by two theological pillars: (1) Relational Effectiveness, measured by the Theology of Hospitality (Pohl), focusing on the restoration of human dignity; and (2) Structural Effectiveness, measured by tangible contributions to the JPIC (Justice, Peace, and Integrity of Creation) agenda. This study concludes that the Transformative Oikonomia model liberates the church from the "charity trap" and enables a holistic fulfillment of the Missio Dei.

Restoration for victims of criminal acts is an essential aspect of the judicial system that is often overlooked. Law enforcement efforts tend to focus on perpetrators, while victims' rights, including physical, psychological, and financial recovery, remain neglected. The case of Een's murder and arson serves as an example where restitution and compensation rights were not clearly accommodated in legal proceedings. This article aims to examine the legal procedures available to victims or their families in obtaining restoration rights. The discussion includes criminal law aspects such as restitution and compensation based on Law No. 13 of 2006 jo. Law No. 31 of 2014 on Witness and Victim Protection, as well as the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). Additionally, this article highlights the civil law route through lawsuits based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code regarding unlawful acts (KUHAPER). With a normative juridical approach and internship experience at the Legal Consultation and Assistance Clinic of Trunojoyo Madura University, this article is expected to contribute to strengthening victims' rights within the Indonesian legal system through the available legal avenues, both criminal and civil.

Sexual harassment cases in university environments have become a serious issue that not only harms victims physically and psychologically but also undermines academic and humanitarian values. This article aims to analyze the implementation of legal aid services in addressing criminal acts of sexual harassment within higher education institutions, particularly in terms of victim protection, legal assistance, and the restoration of victims’ rights. This study employs an empirical or socio-legal approach by examining existing legal regulations and the practical implementation of legal services by campus-based legal aid institutions. The findings reveal that although several universities have established task forces or sexual violence service units, their implementation still faces challenges such as limited resources, low legal awareness, and a prevailing culture of silence among students. Therefore, institutional strengthening, continuous awareness campaigns, and victim-centered campus policies are necessary to ensure comprehensive access to justice. Legal aid services must not only be reactive but also preventive and educational, as part of a broader effort to create a safe and violence-free academic environment.  

This study examines how colonial power is articulated through the form, spatial layout, and symbolism of Bogor Palace, and how post-independence transformations in function and discourse shape its new identity. As a colonial architectural legacy, Bogor Palace holds historical significance and reflects power dynamics, cultural representation, and spatial acculturation in both colonial and postcolonial contexts. The research highlights the importance of reassessing colonial architecture as a medium for representing power and ideology, especially in buildings that remain national symbols. Using a qualitative approach with literature review and visual analysis, the study applies Michel Foucault’s theory of power and discourse to reveal embedded power structures, and Erwin Panofsky’s iconography and iconology to decode visual symbols and meanings. Findings show that the neoclassical European style of the palace reflects colonial dominance, yet its adaptation through local materials, construction techniques, and climate-responsive elements indicates a complex process of acculturation. Initially marginal, local culture becomes integrated into the building’s design. After independence, the palace was resemanticized from a colonial icon to a national emblem, illustrating a shift in identity and power narratives. Today, restoration efforts not only preserve its historical value but also reaffirm role as a dynamic cultural space shaping Indonesia’s collective memory.

This article examines the importance of understanding and applying church discipline in the life of today’s congregation based on biblical principles. Church discipline is not merely seen as a form of punishment but as a means of God's grace to bring about restoration, spiritual growth, and order within the body of Christ. Through the study of Scripture and theological reflection, this paper explains that discipline is an expression of God’s love aimed at guiding His people toward repentance and truth. In practice, discipline must be carried out with love, patience, and wisdom, thus reflecting the character of Christ rather than serving merely as a corrective measure. The article also highlights the challenges of applying church discipline in the context of a modern culture that tends to reject authority and correction. Nevertheless, the author asserts that discipline remains relevant and essential as a means of preserving the holiness of the church and its witness to the world. The conclusion of this discussion shows that church discipline, when properly implemented, has a positive impact on both individuals and the faith community as a whole.

This study examines Boras Sipir Ni Tondi, a sacred cultural symbol of the Batak community which literally means “rice that restores the soul,” often used in traditional rituals as a medium of spiritual healing, blessing, and communal solidarity. The research addresses the growing theological tension and cultural disconnection among Batak Christian youth who are caught between ancestral heritage and the normative teachings of Christianity. The objective of this study is to explore the symbolic and theological meaning of Boras Sipir Ni Tondi and to develop a contextual approach for its integration into Christian Religious Education (CRE). Using a qualitative research approach with library research methods and contextual hermeneutic analysis, the study draws on theological literature, cultural anthropology, and scriptural narratives. The findings reveal that Boras Sipir Ni Tondi holds profound symbolic meanings aligned with Christian concepts of restoration, spiritual renewal, and divine grace. When interpreted theologically, this symbol can serve as a pedagogical tool to bridge faith and culture, especially through reflective learning models, contextual liturgies, and integrative teaching strategies. The study proposes that by embracing culturally meaningful symbols within the framework of biblical theology, CRE can foster spiritual identity that is both rooted in tradition and transformative in faith. It concludes that a critical and theologically grounded inculturation of local symbols enhances the relevance of Christian education, enabling learners to embody faith that is contextually aware, spiritually alive, and culturally rooted.  

The urgency of updating the approach in handling minor crimes is increasingly relevant amidst society's demands for a more just and humane legal system. This article aims to examine the concept of restorative justice as an alternative for resolving minor crimes and assess its relevance to the social justice agenda in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data was collected through literature studies, policy documentation, and in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials and community figures. The research results show that restorative justice is able to be a more efficient, inclusive and solution mechanism than the retributive approach, by prioritizing the restoration of relationships between perpetrators, victims and society. These findings strengthen restorative legal theory and provide a real contribution to the discourse on criminal law reform based on local values ​​and social justice. In conclusion, the implementation of restorative justice has great potential to strengthen social cohesion and build a more responsive and participatory legal system. This research recommends the need to strengthen regulations and training of officials to overcome obstacles in their implementation, as well as opening up space for further exploration in a broader context.

The tourism sector is an important aspect in the sustainability of economic development in Indonesia. One of the tourism in Banten Province is Banten Lama Tourism, this area is an important historical site in Indonesia.  As a manager, the Banten Provincial Government must revitalize the Banten Lama area including the physical restoration of buildings, infrastructure, and public facilities that have been damaged or degraded both in terms of function and aesthetics. The purpose of the research is to examine the extent to which the principles of good governance are applied in the process of APBD management in the revitalization of the Banten Lama area.  This research uses a qualitative research type of case study approach a la Creswell. The existence of a revitalization budget report is a form of Banten Provincial Government has shown an initial form of accountability commitment in the management of public funds through the preparation and realization of the Banten Lama Area revitalization budget. The legal basis for revitalization is the 2016 Governor Regulation Number 14 article 5, Governor Decree Number 437/Kep.160-HUK/2018, the 2010 Cultural Heritage Law Number 11 in article 43 and the Momerandum of Understanding (MoU) Number 430/MOU.4-HUK/2017, 430/718-Setda/2017 & 516/MOU.24-HUK-2017 on October 4, 2017 by the Banten Provincial Government, Serang City Government and Serang Regency Government. The implication of the research is to understand how the impact on the development of Banten Lama tourism area.

This abstract discusses the characteristics of the true church according to Christian views, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness to the Word of God as the primary foundation. The true church is a community that faithfully proclaims the Gospel of Christ purely, without addition or subtraction from the teachings of the Bible. This faithfulness serves as the basis for the church’s existence as the living body of Christ, functioning to spread salvation to all people. Besides faithfulness to the Word, the proper administration of the sacraments is also an important characteristic of the true church. Sacraments such as baptism and the Lord’s Supper are conducted according to Christ’s commands and serve as means of grace that strengthen the faith of the congregation. The spiritual discipline practiced within the church maintains the holiness of the members and encourages repentance and restoration, so that the community continues to live in truth and love. Unity and holiness reflect the church’s calling to live in love and truth, while the apostolic nature shows its adherence to the teachings of the apostles. Catholicity affirms that the true church is universal and transcends cultural and geographical boundaries.

The sea fence in Tangerang Regency, Banten, has become a complex issue involving violations of spatial law, environmental impacts, and the rights of coastal communities. This research analyzes the social and environmental impacts of the case and examines the protection and restoration of victims' rights based on a greenvictimology perspective. Using an empirical juridical approach, data collection was conducted through interviews with fishermen and legal aid organizations, as well as secondary data from legal literature. The results showed that sea fences disrupt fishermen's activities, damage marine ecosystems, and violate regional spatial regulations. Ecological impacts include changes in ocean currents, decreased water quality, disruption of fish migration, damage to coral reefs, and coastal abrasion. Protection and restoration of victims' rights in the Pagar Laut case to date have not been fully fulfilled and realized by the responsible parties. This can be seen from the absence of concrete policies and concrete actions in the form of providing compensation or compensation to fishermen who are directly affected by the installation of the Sea Fence which hampers their access and space for fishing activities. In addition, efforts to restore the marine environment have also not been carried out optimally, especially in terms of dismantling sea fences that have not been carried out thoroughly and assistance programs from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries have not been implemented.

This article explores the theme of faithfullness in the book of Hosea throught a theological lens and examines its relevanse for the contemporary church. The book of the Hosea presents a powerfull potrayal of God’s unwafering faithfullnes toward his people despite their reapeted unfaithfullnes. Using the metaphor of Hosea’s marriage to Gomer, God communicates a message off steadfast love, forgiveness, and restoration. This study highlights the theological significance of divine faithfullness and its role as the foundation for relational  etichs within the community of faith. The implication for the church today include a calling to live faithfully before God, to embody restorative love in community life, and to strengh then commitmen to the covenant of faith. Faithfullnes is presented not merely as a moral virtue but as a spiritual identity to be lived out in ecclesial practice. Through exegetical analysis and contextual reflection, this articel invites the church the respond to the call of faithfullness mid the chalanges of the modern era.

This study aims to examine the theological concept of Imago Dei (Image of God) and its implications for the lives of believers. The formulation of the problem includes three aspects: general understanding of Imago Dei, theological review of the concept, and its application in the context of contemporary Christianity. Using qualitative methods and descriptive analysis approaches, data were collected through a literature study of relevant theological sources. The results of the study indicate that humans, as creatures created in the image and likeness of God, have intrinsic value, dignity, and responsibility as representations of God in the world. Although this image has been damaged by sin, through the redemptive work of Christ as the perfect Imago Dei, the image can be restored. This restoration occurs gradually through the process of justification, sanctification, and glorification, which leads believers towards Christlikeness. This study emphasizes the importance of a theological understanding of Imago Dei as the basis for ethics, spirituality, and identity of Christians in a complex and pluralistic world.

Indonesia, as an archipelagic nation with a vast marine territory, possesses significant coral reef ecosystems, including those in Bengkulu. However, the condition of coral reefs in Bengkulu has suffered damage due to human activities and natural factors. The Bengkulu Provincial Government issued Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands as a protective measure, but the effectiveness of its implementation has not been optimal. This research aims to analyze the implementation of this Regional Regulation in the protection of coral reefs in Bengkulu waters and to identify the challenges faced. Employing a normative legal research method with a literature study, this research examines laws and regulations, scientific literature, and related news. The research results indicate that the Regional Regulation has been implemented through various programs such as coral reef restoration, marine debris management, and socialization. However, its effectiveness is hampered by a lack of public awareness, weak supervision, and insufficient control over tourism activities. Further efforts are needed to increase public awareness, strengthen supervision, and manage tourism activities sustainably to achieve effective coral reef protection in Bengkulu.