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This research aims to analyze students' difficulties in solving HOTS questions in terms of facts, concepts, operations and principles. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This research was carried out by collecting data in the form of information obtained from research subjects. This research is intended to describe or express in words (qualitatively) the results of the analysis of students' difficulties in solving questions which are Higher Order Thinking Skills. The subjects of this research were class IX students of GKPI Padang Bulan Private Middle School, Medan. The instruments in this research were test and interview instruments, where students were given questions to work on, then the researcher recorded the results of the students' answers and took 6 students to be interviewed based on the high, medium and low group categories. The results of the research showed that in the high group students experienced difficulties with principles, in the medium group students experienced difficulties with operations and principles and in the low group students experienced difficulties with facts, concepts, operations and principles. This shows the conclusion that GKPI Padang Bulan Medan Private Middle School students experience difficulties in solving HOTS questions.

The implementation of the program in 2013 has brought changes to the learning process. Minister of Education and Culture Regulation no. Decree Number 65 of 2013 concerning Primary and Secondary Education Process Standards points to the need for learning processes to be guided by the principles of a scientific approach. The scientific approach applies to all subjects at all levels. Adopting a scientific approach can certainly cause its own difficulties, especially in exact subjects such as social studies. This research aims to conduct a study of the implementation of the 2013 social studies curriculum in secondary schools that implement the 2013 curriculum. The results of this research show that in general the implementation of the 2013 social studies curriculum in secondary schools uses the mutually adaptive curriculum implementation method, social studies teachers still encounter several obstacles, doubts doubtful and difficult to adapt to real conditions. This is proven by the academic performance of social studies teachers who use scientific methods, but most social studies learning is only carried out in the classroom so it does not provide special training learning experiences for students.

The art of Reog Ponorogo is one that has quite long values and history in the process of Islamization of the people of the land of Java, particularly in East Java. This is particularly true for East Java. In Islamizing people in East Java, the values contained in Reog Ponorogo include traditional, religious, cultural, social, political, and historical values. These values are all interrelated in some way. Since Islam was introduced to Java, the traditional art of Reog has been transformed into a form of propaganda that is utilized to disseminate Islamic principles. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the ways in which Reog is utilized as a tool for Islamization in Java. There are a number of symbols connected to the religion of Islam that can be found in Reog. One example of this is the depiction of a horse, which represents the Mi'raj Isra journey that the Prophet Muhammad undertook. Ulrich Beck's theory of the risk society faces is utilized in the method of analysis. Ulrich Beck investigates the ways in which contemporary dangers mold and transform society, as well as the difficulties inherent in mitigating these dangers in a way that is both equitable and environmentally responsible. In the context of the Islamization of Reog culture, through the lens of Ulrich Beck's point of view, it is possible to interpret that the culture of Reog Ponorogo is the result of a modernization process and also a response to increasingly complex changes in both the global and local contexts.

In order to ensure the strength and existence of political parties in parliament, political parties have authority over their cadres who become people's representatives. One of the authorities of political parties over people's representatives is the Time Shift (PAW), which is used by political parties against members of the People's Legislative Assembly who come from political parties. As a result, political parties have the authority to dismiss political cadres who are found to have violated party rules or the constitution. This study will look at how problematic the Inter-Time Change of DPRD members in Paniai Regency is under Law Number 17 of 2014. The research method employed is normative research, which is defined as research based on theoretical studies, principles, or other existing written legal regulations that will then be examined from various perspectives such as theory, history, philosophy, comparison, structure and composition, scope and material, consistency, general explanations, and chapter by chapter. The Prosperous Justice Party faction encountered difficulties in implementing the AMOS KEGIBUI MUYAPA Inter-Time Alternation mechanism in the Paniai Regency DPRD. AMOS KEGIBUI MUYAPA's problems and delays are contrary to statutory regulations; therefore, Time Shift (PAW) must be carried out in order to increase the strength and existence of the Prosperous Justice Party and the opposition in parliament in order to build political strength in the face of the 2024 general election.