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Mammae aberrans in the axilla is a developmental abnormality caused by the persistence of breast tissue along the milk line and can cause fluctuating axillary masses due to hormonal stimulation, with a reported prevalence of approximately 0.4–6%. Methods: This article is presented as a descriptive case report based on data from the Department of Surgery at Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital, North Aceh, including medical history, physical examination, routine blood tests, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), excision, histopathological examination, and follow-up. Results: A 16-year-old female patient complained of a lump in her right axilla for approximately two years, which had enlarged in the last month and caused severe pain before menstruation. Examination revealed a mass measuring approximately 3×3×2 cm, without lymph node enlargement, and normal routine blood tests. Two FNAB punctures showed fat droplets/matrix without epithelial proliferation or malignant cells (benign smear) with the impression of aberrant mammary glands. The patient underwent mass excision; histopathology showed mature fatty tissue and fibrocollagen accompanied by ductular proliferation without signs of malignancy, and at the 1-week follow-up, the pain had disappeared and the lump was no longer visible. Discussion: The cyclic pain pattern associated with menstruation is an important clue for distinguishing aberrant mammary glands from differential diagnoses of axillary masses in adolescents, while excision provides diagnostic certainty and symptom improvement. Conclusion: Mammae aberrans should be considered in adolescents with axillary masses affected by the menstrual cycle, and excision is recommended in symptomatic cases for histopathological confirmation and resolution of complaints.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional disorder characterized by a child’s height being below the age-standard growth curve. One contributing factor is the mother’s knowledge regarding proper complementary feeding (MP-ASI). This study aims to determine the correlation between maternal knowledge of complementary feeding and stunting among children under five at Posyandu in the Bangetayu Health Center working area, Semarang. This research employed an analytical observational design with a case-control approach. A total of 60 respondents were selected using purposive sampling, consisting of 30 stunted and 30 non-stunted children. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The findings indicated that most mothers possessed good knowledge of complementary feeding (80%). Stunting prevalence among respondents was 41.7%. The Chi-Square test revealed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a significant relationship between maternal knowledge of complementary feeding and stunting. Mothers with poor knowledge were more likely to have stunted children compared to those with adequate understanding. These results highlight the crucial role of improving maternal nutrition knowledge to prevent stunting and support optimal child growth and development.

Background: The prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women in West Papua remains very high, reaching 40.7%. The provision of manufactured supplementary food (PMT) in the form of biscuits often faces challenges due to low compliance caused by monotonous taste and nausea-triggering flavors. Sweet potato (Petatas) is a potential local food source with an energy content of 123 kcal/100g that could serve as an alternative PMT. Objective: To analyze the acceptability (taste, color, aroma, and texture) of sweet potato-based PMT products among pregnant women with CED. Methods: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from September to October 2025 at the Ransiki Health Center. The sample consisted of 22 pregnant women with CED. The research instrument used a 5-point hedonic scale questionnaire. Results: Respondent characteristics were dominated by the ideal age range of 20-35 years (81.8%) and low family income (63.6%). The acceptability test results showed high overall acceptance with an average score of 4.23 (Highly Liked). The color attribute obtained the highest score (4.27), followed by taste (4.18), texture (4.18), and aroma (4.14). Conclusion: Sweet potato-based PMT products have excellent acceptability and significant potential to be integrated into local nutritional intervention programs for pregnant women with CED.

Online gambling has emerged as a growing public health and social concern, particularly in developing countries with rapid digitalization such as Indonesia. Increased internet accessibility, mobile device usage, and financial technology services have facilitated the widespread adoption of online gambling across diverse age groups, including adolescents. This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of online gambling and identify key determinants contributing to addictive gambling behavior. The method used is a narrative literature review, synthesizing findings from national and international studies related to online gambling, behavioral addiction, psychological mechanisms, and socio-environmental factors. The findings indicate that online gambling addiction is influenced by multiple interrelated determinants, including economic pressure, cognitive distortions such as illusion of control, low legal awareness, environmental exposure, and technological features embedded in gambling platforms. Neurobiologically, repetitive gambling behavior is reinforced by dysregulation of the brain’s reward system, particularly dopamine pathways, which strengthens compulsive engagement despite adverse consequences. Psychosocial impacts include increased risk of anxiety, depression, financial instability, social isolation, and criminal behavior. The study also highlights that adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to developmental factors and peer influence. The implications of these findings emphasize the need for comprehensive prevention strategies involving stricter legal enforcement, public education, mental health interventions, family support, and technological regulation. A multidisciplinary and public health–oriented approach is essential to reduce the prevalence of online gambling addiction and mitigate its long-term psychological, social, and economic consequences.

Hypertension, a global health issue, is increasingly prevalent and significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. It often coexists with obesity, a key risk factor for hypertension and vascular complications. The combination of hypertension and obesity leads to metabolic changes, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress that damage retinal blood vessels, directly affecting visual acuity. This literature review examines the relationship between hypertension, obesity, and visual acuity, analyzing 20 articles published between 2021 and 2025, sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The study found a significant association between hypertension and obesity with decreased visual acuity. Obesity not only serves as a comorbidity but also as a mediator, worsening hypertension's effects through mechanisms like insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Longitudinal studies indicate that visual impairment is progressive, while cross-sectional studies highlight its high prevalence in hypertensive obese populations. The review emphasizes the need for routine eye exams, blood pressure control, and weight management as preventive measures. In conclusion, hypertension and obesity together significantly increase the risk of visual impairment, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to care and promoting preventive strategies to preserve eye health and enhance patients' quality of life.

Oral and dental health problems among elementary school children remain relatively high, particularly dental caries, which is influenced by low levels of knowledge and inadequate toothbrushing skills. Children aged 6–12 years are in the mixed dentition phase and therefore require special attention in maintaining oral hygiene. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and toothbrushing skills of elementary school students through a demonstration method using a dental phantom model. The activity was conducted at SD Inpres Maccini Sombala I in January 2026 and involved elementary school students as participants. The methods applied included oral health education, demonstration of proper toothbrushing techniques using a dental phantom, mass toothbrushing practice, and evaluation through pre-test and post-test as well as direct observation. The results showed an improvement in students’ understanding of the correct timing, frequency, and technique of toothbrushing, namely brushing twice a day after breakfast and before bedtime. In addition, students were able to practice proper toothbrushing techniques more effectively after the demonstration. The use of a dental phantom as an educational medium proved to be effective in increasing students’ interest, understanding, and toothbrushing skills. This activity is expected to help establish good toothbrushing habits from an early age and support promotive and preventive efforts to reduce the prevalence of dental caries among elementary school children.

Stunting remains a chronic nutritional issue affecting human resource quality in Indonesia, particularly children under five years old. High prevalence of stunting impacts long-term cognitive development, physical growth, and productivity of the young generation (Ministry of Health, 2023). This community service aims to optimize the role of public administration in disseminating policies and programs to reduce stunting through education, training, and direct community assistance. Activities were carried out through coordination with government officials, community health cadres, and local leaders, using local communication media to raise awareness about nutrition. The results indicate an increase in community knowledge on stunting, balanced nutrition practices, and active involvement of both officials and residents in stunting reduction programs. Optimizing public administration through capacity building, cross-sector coordination, and information technology utilization supports program targets. This service recommends strategies for sustainable, participatory, and data-driven program implementation.

Stunting is a phenomenon of growth impairment experienced by infants and young children under 5 years of age, particularly toddlers aged 0–59 months. Based on Global Prevalence Data, approximately 21.9% to 22% of toddlers worldwide experience stunting. Several factors that contribute to stunting include breastfeeding and complementary feeding (MP-ASI) practices. This study aims to explore the association between experiences of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding (MP-ASI) and the incidence of stunting among children in the Kampa Community Health Center area. The method used in this study was a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted during the period of January 8–13, 2024, at the Kampa Community Health Center, involving toddlers aged 6–59 months, with a population of 1,576 toddlers. The sample consisted of 68 mothers who had stunted toddlers, measured using a height-for-age (H/A) Z-score of less than -2 standard deviations (SD). The sampling technique applied was total sampling. Data collection was carried out using a microtoise and questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square method. The findings showed a significant relationship between a history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting with a P value of 0.00 < 0.05, as well as a significant relationship between exclusive complementary feeding (MP-ASI) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers with a P value of 0.04 < 0.05. It is recommended that health workers organize counseling classes on lactation and conduct demonstrations on how to prepare complementary foods (MP-ASI), focusing on the use of affordable local food ingredients that are rich in animal protein. In addition, continuous training for community health cadres needs to be carried out to improve early detection through accurate anthropometric measurements, so that toddlers at risk of stunting can be promptly managed.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and serious mental health disorder for mothers after givingbirth, which is a public mental health problem because it not only has a direct impact on the baby, but also on the family. The most common symptoms of PPD are overwhelming sadness, feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, moodiness, an inability to experience joy with the baby, serve anxienty, loss of appetite, poor concentration and memory, sleep disturbances, prolonged fatigue, and suicidal ideation (American Psychological Association, 2013). The design used in this study was quantitative by measuring the prevalence of postpartum depression in postpartum mothers using the EPDS form. The research was conducted at Gandapura Community Health Center, this location wa used as the research site because it had not been exposed at all regarding the use of the EPDS form as part of the initial assessment of midwifery services. A population is all elements that meet certain criteria for inclusion in a study. The population in this study was all postpartum mothers who gave birth in the obstetrics ward. The sample criteria in this study are divided into two, namely inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Conclusion: Postpartum guidance provided to mothers influences the risk of postpartum depression. Postpartum women who receive assistance are less likely to experience postpartum depression, and mothe who do not receive assistance are depression.

Unequal access to population administration services remains a persistent governance challenge in archipelagic and geographically constrained areas, where spatial dispersion, limited connectivity, and high mobility costs systematically hinder citizens’ ability to obtain legal identity documents. In island regions, weak sea transportation networks, weather-dependent travel, and long distances to administrative centers reduce the feasibility of conventional, office-based service delivery, producing administrative exclusion that undermines equal citizenship. These barriers also intersect with socio-administrative realities, including the prevalence of unregistered marriages (nikah sirri), which constrains civil registration processes and delays the formal recognition of marital status and household composition within population administration systems. Against this backdrop, this review article aims to synthesize reputable scholarly literature on pelayanan jemput bola (mobile/outreach public services) as a policy strategy to advance service inclusivity and administrative justice in population administration, particularly for geographically marginalized communities. Methodologically, the article employs a thematic–conceptual literature review, systematically identifying and analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles and conference proceedings published primarily within the last five to ten years across recognized academic databases. The synthesis identifies key rationales and conceptualizations of outreach services, maps major implementation models (mobile units, community-based outreach, integrated one-stop outreach, and hybrid outreach–digital arrangements), and consolidates recurrent success factors, including local state capacity, inter-actor coordination, frontline discretion, and policy support. It also highlights persistent challenges such as logistical uncertainty, resource constraints, uneven digital readiness, and governance fragmentation across island territories. The article concludes that mobile/outreach population administration services can substantially improve equitable access to legal identity and strengthen civil rights realization in archipelagic contexts, but only when embedded in capacity-building and geography-sensitive governance arrangements. By integrating fragmented strands of scholarship, the review offers a conceptually grounded framework and policy-relevant implications for designing sustainable and just population administration reforms in island regions.

This study aims to describe the implementation of innovative learning strategies through the Game-Based Learning (GBL) model to enhance the active participation of tenth-grade students in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at MA Hasyimiyah. The research is motivated by the prevalence of conventional teacher-centered learning, which results in low student engagement and enthusiasm. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, the research subjects included tenth-grade students at MA Hasyimiyah and Field Experience Practice (PPL) students as key informants who conducted the lessons directly. Data collection techniques included classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with PPL students, and documentation gathered during a one-month PPL period. The results indicate that the application of the GBL model utilizing digital media such as Quizizz, Wordwall, Zep Quiz, and Spinner, as well as manual media like question-and-answer cards, significantly increased learning motivation, classroom interaction, and active participation. This improvement was evidenced by students' increased confidence in expressing opinions and intensive involvement in group discussions. Although challenges such as limited infrastructure, unstable internet connections, and restricted student device access were identified, these obstacles were effectively overcome through adaptive strategies by PPL students, who modified digital games into manual formats. This study confirms that innovative and adaptive learning strategies play a crucial role in enhancing student participation levels, particularly within the context of schools with limited facilities.

Stunting is a major public health problem that reflects chronic malnutrition and adversely affects children’s physical growth, cognitive development, and future productivity. The first 1,000 days of life represent a critical window during which stunting develops and determines long-term health outcomes. This study aims to review evidence on the determinants of childhood stunting and the effectiveness of prevention interventions within public health policy frameworks in Indonesia.A literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, policy documents, and national reports published in the last decade. The literature was analyzed to identify key risk factors, intervention strategies, and policy impacts on stunting reduc-tion.The findings show that stunting is primarily driven by inadequate dietary intake, low socioeconomic status, limited caregiver nutrition knowledge, and poor access to health and sanitation services. National data indicate a decline in stunting prevalence in Indonesia from 24.4% in 2021 to 21.6% in 2022. Evidence consistently highlights that integrated interventions targeting the first 1,000 days of life, including maternal nutrition improvement, breastfeeding promotion, appropriate complementary feeding, and multisectoral collaboration, are effective in reducing stunting.In conclusion, reducing childhood stunting requires sustained, integrated, and policy-based interventions that prioritize early-life nutrition to improve human capital and support long-term national development.

Background: Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in Indonesia includes household.. In Indonesia, the level of knowledge and handwashing behavior of is still relatively low, an indication can be seen from the high prevalence of diarrhea. Research Objective: to determine the Relationship of Information Sources to Knowledge and Behavior of Adolescents About Clean Living in Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District. Research Method: This type of research uses Quasi Experiment One Group PreTest-PostTest Non Control Group, namely research with one subject who is given treatment or intervention before and after treatment. The population in this study is the community in this case adolescents in Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District, totaling 45 people. Sampling uses a total sampling technique. There are 3 research instruments used in this study including: respondent characteristic questionnaire, PHBS knowledge and health promotion educational video about PHBS. Data analysis using univariate in percentage and bivariate using Willcoxon Test. Results: the results of the study revealed the level of knowledge of the community before health promotion regarding PHBS, of the 45 respondents studied as many as 2 respondents (4.4%) had insufficient knowledge, 14 respondents (31.1%) had sufficient knowledge, and 29 respondents (64.4%) had good knowledge. From the results of the study, it was known that the level of knowledge of the community after health promotion regarding PHBS, of the 45 respondents studied as many as 17 respondents (37.8%) had good knowledge, 20 respondents (44.4%) had sufficient knowledge, and 8 respondents (17.8%) had insufficient knowledge. This is demonstrated by the results of the Wilcoxon ρ test (Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed) = 0.000 <0.05, indicating a relationship.

Flat foot is a common foot condition in humans and can lead to health problems if not properly managed. Education on flat foot prevention is very important to increase awareness and knowledge within the toddler community regarding ways to prevent and manage flat foot conditions. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving awareness and knowledge of parents of toddlers regarding flat foot prevention in Madyopuro Village, Kedungkandang District, Malang City. The methods used included counseling and educational sessions on flat foot prevention, as well as evaluation of mothers’ and children’s knowledge and awareness before and after the educational intervention. The results showed that education was effective in increasing parents’ awareness and knowledge regarding flat foot prevention. Therefore, education on flat foot prevention can serve as one of the strategies to reduce the prevalence of flat foot among children in Madyopuro Village, Kedungkandang District, Malang City.

Stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in Aceh Province. Family smoking behavior and adherence to exclusive breastfeeding are considered important determinants of child nutritional status. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family smoking behavior and exclusive breastfeeding adherence with stunting among toddlers in Tuha Village, Trienggadeng District, Pidie Jaya Regency. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design with a sample of 46 toddlers selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with logistic regression tests. The results showed that family smoking behavior was significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.002; OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03–0.47). Meanwhile, exclusive breastfeeding adherence was not significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.940; OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.17–5.09). These findings indicate that exposure to cigarette smoke in the household is an important risk factor affecting child nutritional status. Strengthening family-based interventions, especially smoke-free home initiatives, is essential to reduce stunting prevalence.

The Indonesia Pintar Program (PIP) serves as a strategic state instrument to ensure equitable access to education for children from low-income families, in accordance with the constitutional mandate. However, the prevalence of fund embezzlement poses a severe threat to the fulfillment of these educational rights. This study aims to analyze the structural and institutional dynamics triggering fund misappropriation, evaluate the effectiveness of current oversight mechanisms, and formulate strategies to mitigate such violations. This research employs a normative legal method with a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing statutory and socio-legal analysis to examine regulations such as Law No. 20 of 2003 and relevant ministerial decrees. The findings reveal that embezzlement is driven by complex structural factors, including data asymmetry between Dapodik and DTKS, weak internal supervision, and a lack of transparency in fund distribution. Furthermore, legal enforcement remains suboptimal, often limited to administrative sanctions due to difficulties in proving mens rea and poor coordination among law enforcement agencies. The study concludes that current oversight mechanisms are insufficient to curb corruption in the education sector. Therefore, comprehensive reform is urgently needed, focusing on the integration of digital data systems, the implementation of e-audits, and the enhancement of civil society participation to ensure accountability. These measures are essential to protect the constitutional rights of children and ensure that education funds reach their intended beneficiaries without leakage.    

The prevalence of diabetic ulcers in Indonesia reaches 12-15% of all sufferers. This condition has an impact on the patient's psychological condition in the form of anxiety due to wounds that are difficult to heal, changes in body image, and concerns about the possibility of amputation. One of the nonpharmacological interventions that can help overcome anxiety is the slow deep breathing technique. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to carry out Nursing Care for Mrs. M with Diagnosis of Diabetic Ulcers using the application of slow deep breathing intervention in reducing anxiety at Az-Zahra Hospital. The writing method is a nursing care process that includes the stages of study, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The subject of care was Mrs. M, a patient with diabetic ulcers in the inpatient room of Az-Zahra Hospital. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, documentation studies, and physical examinations, and using a medical-surgical nursing care assessment format. The ethical principles applied use the principles of Nursing Ethics. The results of nursing care showed that after three days of slow deep breathing intervention, patients reported feeling calmer, sleeping better, and anxiety levels decreased from moderate to mild based on observation results and anxiety scales used. This suggests that slow deep breathing interventions are effective in helping to reduce anxiety in patients with diabetic ulcers. It is hoped that patients and families can continue these breathing exercises independently as part of stress management efforts and quality of life improvement.  

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a steadily increasing prevalence in Indonesia. This condition not only affects physical health but also requires patients to make significant lifestyle changes to maintain stable blood glucose levels. Efforts to adopt a healthy lifestyle such as regulating diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress are often met with various challenges. In this context, family support plays a crucial role in helping patients adapt and remain consistent in self-management. This study aims to describe the experiences of type 2 diabetes patients in maintaining a healthy lifestyle and the forms of family support they receive. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used, involving three participants undergoing outpatient treatment at RSUD Sultan Iskandar Muda Nagan Raya. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed thematically. The findings show that patients face challenges in maintaining dietary control, consistent exercise, and emotional balance. However, family support such as reminding patients to take medication, providing healthy meals, and offering emotional motivation serves as a key factor that strengthens patients’ commitment to a healthy lifestyle. The study concludes that the success of diabetes management is highly influenced by active family involvement. Therefore, educational and health intervention programs should integrate families as essential partners in supporting patients with diabetes.

Stunting is a serious health problem that affects the physical and cognitive development of children, especially in toddlers aged 0-24 months, with a prevalence that remains high in Indonesia. Community service at the Kapasa Health Centre aims to provide health education to mothers as a strategic step to prevent stunting, using interactive methods and counselling on balanced nutrition and the importance of monitoring child growth. The program has been successful in improving maternal knowledge, with the average score increasing from 34% before the program to 78% after education, demonstrating its effectiveness in changing knowledge of child nutrition. The interactive approach encourages participant engagement, allowing mothers to actively discuss and ask questions, while visual materials reinforce understanding. To effectively combat stunting, education must be complemented by greater knowledge of nutritious foods and by parental monitoring of child growth. Collaboration with local health authorities and community organizations is critical to sustaining these efforts and ensuring that important information reaches more families. Continuous evaluation and adaptive strategies will be essential to expanding the program's reach and effectiveness, ultimately encouraging healthier future generations and contributing significantly to stunting prevention and increased health awareness in the community.

Drug abuse is a serious global public health problem, with the prevalence in Indonesia reaching 1.73% or about 3.33 million people in 2023, mainly among those aged 15–24 years. Understanding the psychological determinants of this behavior is crucial to enhance prevention and rehabilitation efforts. Objective: To analyze determinants of drug abuse behavior based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) through a literature review of studies published between 2015 and 2025. Methods: A literature review of 8 academic articles from Google Scholar and PubMed, limited to open‑access Indonesian- and English‑language journals examining HBM constructs related to drug abuse and rehabilitation participation. Results: HBM variables were generally associated with drug abuse behavior and rehabilitation adherence, with self‑efficacy emerging as the most consistent determinant, followed by perceived susceptibility and perceived severity. Perceived barriers, especially complex administrative procedures, distance, costs, and stigma, were identified as major obstacles to engaging in rehabilitation. Conclusion: The HBM is useful for mapping determinants of drug abuse behavior and highlights the need to strengthen self‑efficacy, risk perceptions, and barrier reduction within health promotion and community‑based rehabilitation programs.