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The stability of disposal slopes is a critical aspect of open-pit mining operations because it directly affects operational safety and the continuity of overburden dumping activities. Disposal areas composed of overburden materials generally exhibit heterogeneous characteristics, particularly when soft materials such as mud are present, which can significantly reduce slope stability. Therefore, a comprehensive slope stability evaluation is required prior to further disposal development. This study aims to assess the stability condition of a disposal slope under initial conditions, evaluate the influence of material conditions, and analyze the effectiveness of counterweight application in improving both the safety factor and disposal capacity. The research methodology involved the collection of primary and secondary data, including slope geometry, lithological conditions, and the physical and mechanical properties of disposal materials obtained from laboratory testing and company technical data. Slope stability analysis was performed using the limit equilibrium method with the assistance of geotechnical software, taking into account groundwater conditions and operational loading. The analysis results indicate that the initial disposal condition yielded a safety factor of 0.718, indicating an unstable slope condition. After simulating the removal of mud material, the safety factor increased to 0.907 but remained below acceptable stability criteria. The application of a counterweight significantly improved slope stability, resulting in a safety factor of 1.498. Further optimization through slope geometry redesign produced a final safety factor of 1.101, which satisfies the requirements stipulated in KEPMEN ESDM No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018. Additionally, the redesign increased the disposal capacity from 119,507,864.23 LCM to 119,682,378.22 LCM, representing an increase of 174,513.99 LCM. These results demonstrate that counterweight application combined with geometric optimization is effective in enhancing both slope stability and disposal capacity.

Mammae aberrans in the axilla is a developmental abnormality caused by the persistence of breast tissue along the milk line and can cause fluctuating axillary masses due to hormonal stimulation, with a reported prevalence of approximately 0.4–6%. Methods: This article is presented as a descriptive case report based on data from the Department of Surgery at Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital, North Aceh, including medical history, physical examination, routine blood tests, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), excision, histopathological examination, and follow-up. Results: A 16-year-old female patient complained of a lump in her right axilla for approximately two years, which had enlarged in the last month and caused severe pain before menstruation. Examination revealed a mass measuring approximately 3×3×2 cm, without lymph node enlargement, and normal routine blood tests. Two FNAB punctures showed fat droplets/matrix without epithelial proliferation or malignant cells (benign smear) with the impression of aberrant mammary glands. The patient underwent mass excision; histopathology showed mature fatty tissue and fibrocollagen accompanied by ductular proliferation without signs of malignancy, and at the 1-week follow-up, the pain had disappeared and the lump was no longer visible. Discussion: The cyclic pain pattern associated with menstruation is an important clue for distinguishing aberrant mammary glands from differential diagnoses of axillary masses in adolescents, while excision provides diagnostic certainty and symptom improvement. Conclusion: Mammae aberrans should be considered in adolescents with axillary masses affected by the menstrual cycle, and excision is recommended in symptomatic cases for histopathological confirmation and resolution of complaints.

Dynamics of social interaction within the alleyways of urban neighborhoods, which serve as unique social spaces amid the ongoing processes of modernization. Conducted in the alleyways of Makassar City, this research employs an ethnographic approach through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and field note documentation. The findings reveal that alleyways function not only as physical pathways but also as vibrant social arenas where communal activities—such as neighborhood gatherings, mutual aid, and small-scale household economies—take place. Modernization introduces significant changes to these patterns of interaction. On one hand, infrastructural development, technological penetration, and increased mobility foster new forms of interaction that are more practical and individualistic. On the other hand, core values of solidarity, including mutual support and close neighborly relations, continue to persist through community-based initiatives, local empowerment programs, and informal shared activities. The study concludes that alleyways represent hybrid social spaces where tradition and modernity intersect, demonstrating residents’ efforts to maintain social cohesion despite the pressures of social change. These findings are expected to contribute to policy development and inform local authorities in designing culturally sensitive alleyway development programs.

The lack of street lighting infrastructure on the connecting roads between hamlets in Tepansari Village hinders community mobility and increases security risks at night. This community service program aims to implement Solar Power Street Lighting (PJUTS) technology as a renewable energy solution while building infrastructure independence through community empowerment. The implementation method uses the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach which includes five stages: discovery, design, define, delivery, and destiny. The program involved a collaboration between 7 KPM students, 2 village officials, and 10 local residents. The results of the service show that two PJUTS units have been successfully installed at strategic points and are functioning optimally independently without the burden of village electricity costs. In addition to physical outputs, this activity succeeded in increasing the technical capacity of residents in preventive maintenance of solar panel and battery components through a learning-by-doing process. The immediate impact felt by the community is an increased sense of security and mobility comfort, which supports social-religious and economic activities at night. This program proves that the integration of appropriate technology and participatory empowerment is an effective strategy in realizing sustainable rural infrastructure independence in accordance with SDGs point 7 targets.

Malnutrition and stunting among children under five remain major public health challenges in developing countries, including Indonesia. These conditions are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, impaired cognitive development, and reduced productivity in adulthood. Stunting reflects chronic nutritional deficiencies, while severe malnutrition indicates acute or prolonged inadequate nutrient intake, often exacerbated by infections, poor caregiving practices, and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. This case report aims to describe the clinical condition, contributing factors, management, and outcomes of a 14-month-old female toddler diagnosed with severe malnutrition and stunting without complications in Blang Dalam Geuteung Village, Nisam Subdistrict, North Aceh Regency. The assessment was conducted using a family medicine approach, incorporating detailed history taking, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and nutritional status evaluation based on World Health Organization Z-score indicators. Interventions included nutritional rehabilitation through appropriate dietary intake, family education on balanced nutrition and proper feeding practices, routine growth monitoring, and optimization of primary healthcare services. The results showed gradual improvement in the child’s nutritional status, evidenced by weight gain, better appetite, and improved feeding patterns following the intervention. This case highlights the importance of early detection, comprehensive family-centered management, and continuous monitoring in addressing malnutrition and stunting at the primary care level. Strengthening community-based interventions, improving caregiver knowledge, and enhancing collaboration between healthcare providers and families are essential to reduce the burden of malnutrition and support optimal child growth and development.

Fine motor development is a fundamental prerequisite for academic readiness and independence in early childhood. Still, currently, challenges such as sedentary behaviour and screen exposure hinder the optimisation of these abilities. This community service program aims to implement a Play-Based Learning model of fine-motor stimulation to improve the physical and academic readiness of children at Tamalate State Kindergarten in Makassar City. The intervention program was conducted over two weeks through three main stimulation zones: Texture Zone (playdough and finger painting), Precision Zone (beading, origami, and cutting), and Manipulative Zone (busy board and puzzles). The target subjects were children in group B with fine-motor impairments, and the study evaluated 20 children using periodic observation checklists. The results showed a significant transformation, with 95% of children (19 out of 20 participants) experiencing an increase in achievement from the Starting to Develop (MB) category to Developing as Expected (BSH) and Developing Very Well (BSB). These findings confirm that a structured intervention through play zones is not only effective in strengthening intrinsic hand muscles and eye-hand coordination but also in building children's resilience and perseverance in learning. The program recommends integrating a micro-curriculum based on stimulation zones into daily learning plans and strengthening partnerships with parents to maintain consistency in children's development.

Motor development in early childhood is a crucial foundation for executive functions and psychosocial health. However, the current sedentary lifestyle and gadget dependency hinder the optimization of this physical potential. This community service aims to enhance children's self-confidence and physical agility through the "Active Movement Exploration: Fun Agility Game" program. The activity was conducted at TK Negeri PAUD Tamalate, Makassar, involving 93 children in the initial observation. The method employed was Guided Modeling-Practice, which includes agility circuit preparation, demonstration, and guided exploration. The game instruments included Zig-Zag Safari, Stop-Go Traffic, Balance River Stones, Ball-to-Target Trail, and Choose-Your-Path. The results showed a significant improvement in Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS), particularly in agility, balance, and manipulative coordination. Additionally, there was progress in psychological aspects, specifically in self-regulation, autonomy, and self-efficacy. In conclusion, the integration of structured yet enjoyable agility games is effective in building a strong physical and character foundation in early childhood.    

Infrastructure expansion has been increasingly recognized as a transformative force shaping the social, economic, and cultural dynamics of coastal communities. This study investigates the effects of major infrastructure development specifically ports and toll roads on social mobility and religious practices within the traditional fishing communities of Bengkalis Island. Using a qualitative design, data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with fisherfolk, local leaders, and religious figures, as well as reviews of regional development policies. The findings reveal that new infrastructure has introduced shifts in livelihood patterns, encouraging economic diversification beyond traditional fishing activities. These shifts contribute to both upward and horizontal mobility, altering long-standing social hierarchies within the community. Moreover, the changing economic landscape influences religious life: traditional maritime rituals experience reduced centrality, while formalized religious organizations gain greater authority and participation. Infrastructure development also increases exposure to external cultural influences, accelerating negotiations of religious identity and modern interpretations of faith. Overall, this study argues that infrastructure projects function not only as physical catalysts of development but also as sociocultural drivers that reshape belief systems, communal relations, and the lived realities of traditional fishing populations. The research highlights the necessity of adopting development strategies sensitive to local contexts and cultural continuity.

Adolescents require higher levels of nutrients for physical growth and development, but the current trend is for adolescents to prefer instant foods such as junk food, spicy foods and foods containing unhealthy additives. This has led to the emergence of various diseases, one of which is gastritis. This condition is even more risky for female students living in Islamic boarding schools with busy activities and irregular meal schedules, thus requiring efforts to prevent gastritis. This study aims to determine the gastritis prevention behaviour of female students at Ma'had Asy-Syakur MAN 2 Kediri. This study uses a descriptive design with one variable, namely gastritis prevention behaviour. The research population consisted of students living at Ma'had Asy-Syakur MAN 2 Kediri, with a total of 59 respondents. Data collection was conducted using a gastritis prevention behaviour questionnaire. The results showed that almost all respondents (81.36%) had gastritis prevention behaviours in the adequate category, with a small portion in the good category (18.64%). The female students' busy and well-scheduled activities, accompanied by the implementation of discipline, regular meal arrangements, and the provision of stomach-friendly menus, contributed to the formation of gastritis prevention behaviour. The most common preventive behaviour was avoiding spicy foods, due to habits, taste preferences, and socio-cultural factors that had been established. This study recommends the need for health education that not only focuses on increasing knowledge but also changing attitudes and habits so that gastritis prevention behaviour can be further optimised.

The Integration of technology in the education sector is a crucial strategy for addressing the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. This study aims to develop and examine the effectiveness of "Physical Changes of the Earth’s Environment" learning media by utilizing the interactive features of the ClassPoint platform and Edpuzzle videos in 5th-grade elementary school. The method employed is library research with a qualitative-descriptive approach, conducted through content analysis of various relevant scientific literatures from the last five years. The research findings indicate that the synergy between ClassPoint and Edpuzzle is capable of transforming abstract science materials into more concrete and engaging content for students. ClassPoint plays a role in creating a participatory digital classroom through various real-time interaction formats, while Edpuzzle reorients video-viewing activities into an active learning process through embedded question features that stimulate critical thinking. Overall, the use of these interactive media has positive implications for the escalation of active participation, concentration, and the depth of students' conceptual understanding. This study concludes that the development of ClassPoint and Edpuzzle-based learning innovations is an effective and relevant strategic step in improving the quality standards of science education in elementary schools.

Japanese kale (Brassica oleracea) is a leafy vegetable with high nutritional and economic value and strong potential for development through intensive cultivation systems, including polybag-based cultivation. Fertilization is an important factor determining plant growth success. This study aimed to analyze differences in the effects of cattle-manure compost fertilizer and NPK Mutiara fertilizer on the vegetative growth of Japanese kale, as well as to evaluate their roles in maintaining growing media fertility. The research employed a quantitative experimental approach using a single-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely fertilizer type. Treatments consisted of cattle-manure compost fertilizer and NPK Mutiara fertilizer, each with twelve replications, resulting in twenty-four experimental units. Observed parameters included plant height, leaf width, and growing media pH. The results showed that NPK Mutiara fertilizer produced better plant height and leaf width than compost fertilizer, particularly during the vegetative phase. This advantage was associated with the rapid availability of macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for plant uptake. Meanwhile, cattle-manure compost fertilizer contributed to stabilizing growing media pH and improving soil physical and biological conditions. pH values in both treatments remained within the optimal range and did not limit plant growth. Therefore, NPK Mutiara fertilizer is more effective for short-term vegetative growth enhancement, whereas compost fertilizer supports sustainable growing media fertility.

Stunting remains a chronic nutritional issue affecting human resource quality in Indonesia, particularly children under five years old. High prevalence of stunting impacts long-term cognitive development, physical growth, and productivity of the young generation (Ministry of Health, 2023). This community service aims to optimize the role of public administration in disseminating policies and programs to reduce stunting through education, training, and direct community assistance. Activities were carried out through coordination with government officials, community health cadres, and local leaders, using local communication media to raise awareness about nutrition. The results indicate an increase in community knowledge on stunting, balanced nutrition practices, and active involvement of both officials and residents in stunting reduction programs. Optimizing public administration through capacity building, cross-sector coordination, and information technology utilization supports program targets. This service recommends strategies for sustainable, participatory, and data-driven program implementation.

The concept of human nature occupies a fundamental position in the philosophy of Islamic education, as it serves as the foundation for formulating educational goals, curriculum design, teaching methods, and the overall direction of education. Islamic education is not merely oriented toward the transfer of knowledge but is directed toward shaping the whole human being in a balanced manner, encompassing physical, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions. This study aims to examine the concept of human nature from the Islamic perspective and the views of Islamic philosophical figures, as well as to analyze its philosophical and practical implications for the implementation of Islamic education. This research employs a library research method by reviewing primary and secondary sources, including the Qur’an, classical Islamic texts, and relevant scholarly literature on human nature and Islamic education. The findings indicate that Islam views human beings as multidimensional creatures endowed with fitrah, intellect, spirituality, and social responsibility as servants and vicegerents of God on earth. The Qur’anic concepts of humanity, reflected in the terms al-insān, al-basyar, and al-nās, emphasize the complexity and uniqueness of humans as biological, rational, spiritual, and social beings. The perspectives of scholars such as Al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, and Hasan Al-Banna further reinforce the view that Islamic education must integrate intellectual, moral, and spiritual development in a balanced manner. The implications of this study highlight the necessity of designing Islamic education in a holistic and humanistic framework to produce insan kamil—individuals who are faithful, knowledgeable, possess noble character, and demonstrate social responsibility in communal life.

Toddlers are a critical age group 0–59 months who require optimal nutritional intake to support physical and cognitive growth and development. The quality of toddler feeding patterns is influenced by family socioeconomic factors, including income, education, and parental occupation. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family socioeconomic status and toddler feeding patterns in the working area of the Saritani Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency. This study used an observational design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 40 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, observations, and secondary data from the Community Health Center, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05 . Results: Most families have middle (45%) and low (40%) socioeconomic status. Good feeding patterns are received by 55% of toddlers, while 45% have inadequate feeding patterns. The analysis shows a significant relationship between family socioeconomic status and toddler feeding patterns (p = 0.043). Families with low incomes and limited maternal education tend to provide food with less than optimal variety and nutritional content. Conclusion: Family socioeconomic status has a significant influence on toddler feeding patterns in Saritani.

Stunting is a major public health problem that reflects chronic malnutrition and adversely affects children’s physical growth, cognitive development, and future productivity. The first 1,000 days of life represent a critical window during which stunting develops and determines long-term health outcomes. This study aims to review evidence on the determinants of childhood stunting and the effectiveness of prevention interventions within public health policy frameworks in Indonesia.A literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, policy documents, and national reports published in the last decade. The literature was analyzed to identify key risk factors, intervention strategies, and policy impacts on stunting reduc-tion.The findings show that stunting is primarily driven by inadequate dietary intake, low socioeconomic status, limited caregiver nutrition knowledge, and poor access to health and sanitation services. National data indicate a decline in stunting prevalence in Indonesia from 24.4% in 2021 to 21.6% in 2022. Evidence consistently highlights that integrated interventions targeting the first 1,000 days of life, including maternal nutrition improvement, breastfeeding promotion, appropriate complementary feeding, and multisectoral collaboration, are effective in reducing stunting.In conclusion, reducing childhood stunting requires sustained, integrated, and policy-based interventions that prioritize early-life nutrition to improve human capital and support long-term national development.

Mawang Village occupies a strategic position as a buffer zone integrating the administrative center of Gowa Regency with other growth centers, featuring the ecological asset of Lake Mawang, which holds significant potential for ecotourism development. However, a discrepancy exists between spatial planning policies and the actual development of facilities and infrastructure on the ground. This study aims to identify the availability, accessibility, and physical feasibility of regional facilities and infrastructure as a fundamental database for area development. The method employed is descriptive-quantitative with a comparative analysis approach referring to the SNI 03-1733-2004 standards and spatial analysis. The findings indicate that religious and commercial/service facilities exhibit very high service levels with surplus conditions, while basic health facilities and early childhood education remain below minimum service standards. Spatially, the distribution of facilities tends to be concentrated along the main corridor, creating accessibility disparities for residents in inner residential areas. The collector road infrastructure is functionally adequate but lacks pedestrian facilities, while local roads suffer from pavement quality degradation. Furthermore, Lake Mawang, as a primary tourist attraction, still lacks basic supporting facilities. The implications of this research emphasize the need for equitable distribution of health facilities, revitalization of road quality, and the formulation of a comprehensive spatial detail plan for the lake area to achieve sustainable regional development based on local potential.

Parents play a crucial role in introducing and shaping children’s gender identity from an early age. Gender identity is an essential aspect of psychological development that is closely related to the formation of behavior patterns, social attitudes, and personality development in later life. Within the family context, both fathers and mothers have complementary psychological roles in supporting children’s gender development. Mothers are generally more involved in daily caregiving and the fulfillment of children’s physical and emotional needs, while fathers tend to play a more prominent role in social interaction, play activities, and reinforcing discipline as well as adherence to prevailing cultural norms. Parenting practices, whether consciously or unconsciously applied, significantly influence how children understand gender roles, express themselves, and construct their personal identities. Therefore, appropriate, balanced, and developmentally sensitive gender identity introduction is essential to prevent role confusion and potential psychological difficulties in the future. This article aims to examine the role of parents in shaping children’s gender identity from a psychological perspective, emphasizing the importance of responsive, educative parenting that aligns with children’s developmental stages and cultural values.

The development of digital technology has significantly transformed music consumption and marketing strategies in the creative industry. The shift from physical media to digital platforms, especially short-form video-based social media like TikTok, has created a new ecosystem that emphasizes interactivity, community participation, and organic music distribution. TikTok allows users to incorporate song snippets into creative content, positioning music as both entertainment and a symbol of digital identity. This shift reveals that music popularity is now primarily driven by recommendation algorithms and user-generated content rather than traditional promotion. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach with phenomenological analysis to explore the relationship between music consumption behavior and marketing strategies on TikTok. Findings indicate that algorithms act as digital curators, influencing audience preferences, while user participation accelerates the viral spread of songs through challenges, remixes, and content reproduction. Effective music marketing strategies must be data-driven, trend-responsive, and capable of leveraging users' emotional and social engagement. TikTok thus serves not only as a distribution platform but also as a space for constructing global popular culture. This study contributes to digital media scholarship and offers practical implications for designing sustainable marketing strategies in the ever-evolving digital ecosystem.

This article aims to describe the forms of danger, identify the causal factors, formulate strategies, and explain the role of parents in creating safe and inclusive parenting for children with disabilities. Children with disabilities are highly vulnerable to various forms of danger, including physical and emotional neglect, due to a lack of parental understanding and strong social stigma. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature review approach, analyzing data from books, scientific journals, and official reports. The results indicate that risky parenting is caused by a lack of knowledge, economic pressure, and insufficient support from the environment and Non-Formal Education (NFE) institutions. The key strategy to overcome this is through strengthening parental education (inclusive parenting classes), collaboration between NFE institutions and the community, and creating accessible and secure learning environments. In conclusion, NFE has a strategic role as a bridge for parents to gain knowledge and support, thus strengthening a safe, loving, and difference-appreciating family environment. This research emphasizes the novelty of NFE’s role in integrated family-community support to ensure optimal development for children with disabilities.

Traditional markets are an important component of the people’s economy and play a strategic role in supporting trading activities and community social life. The Government of Muaro Jambi Regency implemented a policy to relocate the Sengeti People’s Market to reorganize and improve the quality of trading facilities so they become more orderly, feasible, and representative. However, after relocation, market utilization has not functioned optimally, and various management problems persist. This study aims to analyze traditional market governance after relocation in Muaro Jambi Regency, using the Sengeti People’s Market as a case study. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, involving informants from the Trade Division of the Office of Cooperatives, SMEs, Industry, and Trade, as well as market managers, traders, and community members. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative techniques, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that post-relocation governance has not been optimally implemented. Key issues include weak policy communication, mismatches between facilities and traders’ needs, limited trader participation, and poor coordination among relevant agencies. The study highlights that successful market relocation depends not only on physical development but also on participatory, transparent, and sustainable governance, supported by stronger institutional coordination, increased trader involvement, and continuous evaluation.