Publication Search

This study aims to examine the contribution of educational psychology in the context of Christian education, particularly for educators, school principals, Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers, Sunday school teachers, pastors, elders, and church servants. This theoretical study shows that educational psychology helps in understanding the characteristics of learners, optimizing teaching methods, building effective teacher-student relationships, and enhancing motivation and involvement in the learning and preaching process. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through a review of books, literature, journals, notes, and relevant reports. Educational psychology plays a significant role for all those involved in Christian education and ministry. CRE teachers and Sunday school teachers have a crucial role in instilling faith values in the younger generation by understanding the learning needs of children according to their cognitive and spiritual development stages. This enables them to deliver God's word in an engaging and meaningful way. Meanwhile, pastors, elders, and church servants require an understanding of educational psychology to carry out more wise pastoral ministry. Psychological understanding helps them provide spiritual guidance, counseling, and support for members who are struggling. Educational psychology also equips church servants to lead with empathy, listen with their hearts, and guide the congregation towards true spiritual restoration. The integration of educational psychology with Christian faith significantly impacts the improvement of learning and church ministry, producing individuals who are intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually balanced.

Modern students face high academic, social, and personal pressures, but Christian Religious Education has not yet maximized the potential of religious-based resilience. This study aims to: (1) analyze how the biblical values of faith, hope, and love can strengthen the components of students' psychological resilience in the cognitive, emotional, and spiritual dimensions; and (2) identify the integration mechanism between biblical teachings and psychological strategies in Christian Religious Education learning that can increase students' resilience in facing academic and personal stress. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach to various journals, articles, and related academic sources. The results of the study show that the biblical values of faith, hope, and love are fundamental pillars that strengthen students' psychological resilience as a whole. Faith provides a foundation of self-confidence and personal competence, hope activates optimism and sustained motivation, while love builds healthy social relationships and essential emotional support. These three values work synergistically to strengthen students' emotional regulation, problem analysis, empathy, and self-efficacy. The deep integration of biblical teachings and psychology in PAK learning through biblical narratives, secure parenting relationships, supportive communities, and reflective feedback has proven effective in holistically improving student resilience. In conclusion, PAK learning that explicitly integrates biblical values with psychological resilience strategies is a transformative instrument for shaping students into individuals who not only perform well academically but are also spiritually strong, psychologically resilient, and ready to face complex life situations in accordance with the principles of 1 Corinthians 13:13 regarding faith, hope, and love

The lack of access to learning in schools leads to a decline in children's interest in studying. This has become a problem experienced by the children of Dusun Bulaya, Ilan Batu Uru Village, West Walendrang District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province. As a result, many children drop out of school. The lack of guidance and counseling at home and in school causes a decrease in children's motivation to continue learning. This issue underlies the activities that will be carried out by the community service program; these activities are conducted to educate and shape children's character so that they become more independent and optimal during their early educational years. Early childhood education plays an important role in forming the foundation of children's character and academic abilities. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of tutoring and counseling programs in improving the quality of education and the character of children at TK KRISTEN SETIA Bulaya. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with the technique Observation, interviews, and documentation are used as data collection instruments. The research results indicate that tutoring programs can enhance students' basic academic understanding, while counseling services help develop positive attitudes, empathy, and discipline from an early age. Collaboration between teachers and parents is key to the success of this program. In conclusion, the integrated combination of tutoring and counseling significantly contributes to improving the quality of education and the character development of kindergarten children.         

Particularly in the context of Christian Religious Education, the question of children's spiritual growth and development is a critical component in the process of character formation, resulting in a holistic personality. Children benefit greatly from the use of Christian Religious Education psychology since it helps them comprehend the importance of faith, morality, and spirituality in a way that is suitable for their stage of psychological development. Data for this study were gathered by analyzing a variety of pertinent literature sources that were linked to the research issue. The author used a qualitative method in conjunction with a library research methodology. The purpose of this study is to examine how Christian Religious Education psychology concepts might be applied to improve children's spiritual development in the smallest social settings the family, school, and church.The study's end findings show that using Christian Religious Education psychology helps kids become more aware of the principles of their faith, behave in ways that emphasize love, behave responsibly, and have a positive relationship with God. It is anticipated that this study will improve the analytical abilities of church ministers, particularly those who specialize in children's ministry, parents of children, and educators who use it as a teaching tool. It is acceptable and effective for the demands of children's spiritual growth and development when a mature and proper technique is used.

This study aims to analyze toxic and narcissistic leadership in Christian educational institutions. The research method employed is a literature review with a content analysis approach. Data were collected through documentation studies of various academic books and relevant scholarly journals, then systematically analyzed to identify themes, patterns, and strategic insights. This literature review seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of toxic and narcissistic leadership phenomena, focusing on the influencing factors, their implications for organizations, and potential conflict resolution strategies. The findings reveal that toxic and narcissistic leadership has a negative impact on organizational health, particularly within Christian education, which should uphold the values of love, sacrifice, and service. Conversely, the implementation of conflict resolution based on Christian values can restore relationships, strengthen leadership integrity, and foster a healthy organizational culture. This study emphasizes the importance of transforming toxic and narcissistic leadership into leadership grounded in the values of Christ so that Christian educational institutions can remain consistent with their mission to educate, guide, and serve with love.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays a strategic role in instilling foundational faith and moral values in children from an early age. Through the VAK learning style ( Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic). In the context of modern education, PAK functions not only as a medium for delivering biblical teachings but also as a framework for character formation that aligns with children’s developmental needs. This study aims to analyze the role of PAK as a means of shaping faith and moral values, as well as to describe how PAK learning practices strengthen children’s spiritual growth through modeling, habituation, and learning interactions relevant to their daily lives. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach, with data collected through literature studies, limited observations, and reflections on field experiences. The findings indicate that contextually designed PAK learning significantly influences children’s ways of thinking, behaving, and acting. The integration of school, family, and church further reinforces the impact of PAK as a spiritual foundation and moral guide in everyday life. This study emphasizes that PAK is not merely the transmission of religious content but a process of value internalization that directs children toward a life of faith, strong character, and responsibility.

To address the moral extremism that often occurs among adolescents, strengthening education is crucial today. Christian Religious Education plays a crucial role in instilling an understanding of character, ethics, spiritual values, and noble moral habits. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, with thorough literature exploration and data analysis. The study of Christian Religious Education is expected to be a companion that provides understanding, appreciation, and honest living based on Christian duties and values. This task is drawn from sources such as the Holy Scriptures, the life of Jesus Christ, and the ethical values ​​contained in Christianity. In this context, Christian Religious Education aims to produce a generation that is obedient to God and grows in faith and good moral values. Therefore, Christian Religious Education has a significant, very complex, and interconnected role. Its task is not only to provide spiritual understanding, but also to shape the character and morals of the younger generation so that they can face the challenges of the times with strong and sustainable moral values.

This study examines the theological foundations of pastoral counseling in Christian Religious Education (CRE) within the digital era, emphasizing the integration of Trinitarian theology, adolescent developmental psychology, and the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19–20. Digitalization has reshaped adolescent struggles, introducing challenges such as cyberbullying, social media addiction, and virtual identity crises that demand contextual and transformative pastoral responses. Using a qualitative library research approach, this study synthesizes systematic theology, developmental psychology, and transformative pedagogy to construct a conceptual framework for CRE teachers in guiding the digital generation. Findings reveal that Trinitarian theology provides a holistic foundation: God the Father affirms authentic identity beyond digital validation, Christ the Redeemer restores identity from digital trauma, and the Holy Spirit guides character formation for wise engagement in the digital world. Integrating theology with developmental psychology enables a deeper understanding of the digital generation’s struggles and highlights the need for both theological depth and psychological insight. The proposed framework includes five components: Trinitarian foundation, contextual diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, supportive community formation, and the use of digital media as a ministry tool. This integrative and transformative model aims to foster holistic transformation—cognitive, affective, behavioral, and spiritual—preparing adolescents to become mature disciples who bear witness to Christ in digital spaces.

Relativisme sebagai pandangan filsafat modern menolak adanya kebenaran yang absolut, termasuk dalam ranah keagamaan dan moralitas. Dalam konteks pendidikan Kristen, pemikiran ini menjadi tantangan serius karena menggoyahkan dasar epistemologis iman yang menegaskan bahwa Allah adalah sumber kebenaran sejati. Relativisme menempatkan manusia sebagai ukuran kebenaran, sehingga setiap pandangan dianggap sah menurut keyakinan pribadi, budaya, atau pengalaman masing-masing. Akibatnya, nilai-nilai objektif yang bersumber dari wahyu ilahi semakin kabur di tengah sistem pendidikan yang cenderung menekankan kebebasan berpikir tanpa batas moral. Tantangan ini meliputi tiga dimensi utama: penolakan terhadap kebenaran absolut, pandangan bahwa semua agama sama, dan keyakinan bahwa kebenaran bersandar pada pengalaman subjektif. Ketiganya menyebabkan peserta didik kehilangan arah moral dan spiritual yang jelas. Pendidikan Kristen dituntut untuk merespons dengan menegaskan kembali kebenaran yang bersumber dari firman Tuhan, memperkuat kemampuan berpikir kritis berbasis iman, serta mengembangkan kurikulum yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah dalam seluruh bidang ilmu. Guru Kristen memiliki peran strategis dalam menanamkan keyakinan bahwa Kristus adalah kebenaran yang hidup dan tidak berubah di tengah dunia yang terus bergeser secara ideologis. Dengan demikian, pendidikan Kristen bukan hanya berfungsi mentransfer pengetahuan, tetapi juga membentuk karakter dan cara pandang dunia yang berakar pada kebenaran Allah yang kekal, sebagai jawaban terhadap arus relativisme yang mengaburkan makna sejati dari kebenaran.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas pemanfaatan lagu sebagai alat bantu dalam menghafal cerita Alkitab pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di kelas IV SD Kristen 03 Wonosobo. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya daya ingat siswa terhadap isi cerita Alkitab yang disampaikan secara konvensional melalui metode ceramah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (action research), yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus tindakan. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan metode lagu dapat meningkatkan daya ingat siswa terhadap isi cerita Alkitab. Siswa menjadi lebih antusias, aktif, serta mampu menceritakan kembali isi cerita dengan lebih runtut dan lengkap. Penerapan lagu terbukti membantu siswa memahami isi cerita Alkitab secara lebih menyenangkan dan bermakna. Selain itu, metode ini juga memperkuat keterlibatan emosional dan sosial siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, lagu dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif metode pembelajaran yang efektif dan kreatif dalam pengajaran PAK, khususnya untuk materi berbentuk naratif seperti cerita Alkitab.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kode etik guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) dan keteladanan teologis dalam praktik pendidikan di sekolah menengah. Guru PAK tidak hanya dipandang sebagai penyampai pengetahuan kognitif, tetapi juga sebagai teladan hidup yang menghadirkan nilai-nilai Kristiani melalui sikap, perkataan, dan tindakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian pustaka terhadap berbagai literatur terkini yang membahas etika profesi guru, teologi pendidikan, serta praktik pendidikan agama Kristen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman guru PAK terhadap kode etik masih bervariasi, mulai dari yang melihatnya sekadar aturan administratif hingga yang menafsirkannya sebagai panggilan iman dan tanggung jawab moral. Keteladanan teologis terbukti menjadi aspek penting dalam implementasi kode etik karena guru PAK dituntut untuk menunjukkan konsistensi antara ajaran iman dan perilaku nyata. Implementasi kode etik dalam praktik pendidikan terlihat dalam pengajaran, relasi interpersonal, dan kerja sama kelembagaan, meski menghadapi tantangan etis seperti dilema nilai, tekanan eksternal, serta pengaruh media digital. Temuan juga menegaskan bahwa kode etik dan keteladanan teologis guru PAK berperan signifikan dalam pendidikan karakter siswa, membentuk integritas, tanggung jawab, dan kepedulian sosial. Kesimpulannya, integrasi antara kode etik profesional dan keteladanan teologis memungkinkan guru PAK menjadi agen transformasi moral dan spiritual yang relevan di tengah kompleksitas pendidikan modern. Penelitian ini menekankan perlunya pembinaan berkelanjutan bagi guru PAK agar mampu menghidupi kode etik dan menghadirkan teladan Kristiani dalam proses pendidikan.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) research in Indonesia has undergone significant developments, but its future direction and relevance are still crucial questions. This article aims to map the PAK research landscape and identify key challenges and opportunities through a literature review of publications in national and international journals, theses, and dissertations. The analysis is focused on three aspects: dominant themes, methodology, and contextual relevance. The findings show the dominance of conventional themes such as teaching methods, curriculum, and the role of teachers, with a qualitative approach limited to case studies, making generalizations difficult. Contemporary issues such as religious pluralism, digital media, Generation Z spirituality, integration of faith and knowledge, and inclusive approaches in multicultural contexts are still underexplored. This article proposes the reorientation of PAK research through an interdisciplinary approach (theology with psychology, sociology, media studies), methodological strengthening (longitudinal and mixed-methods studies), and emphasis on Indonesia's socio-cultural reality as a starting point. With this strategy, PAK's research is expected to be able to expand its theoretical contribution while answering practical challenges in shaping the character and spirituality of students in the era of modernity.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of Christian Religious Education Teachers' Personality Competencies and Character on the Behavior of Class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Lintongnihuta for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive and inferential approach. The population is all class VII students of SMP N 3 Lintongnihuta, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year, 164 of whom are Protestant Christians and a sample of 41 people was determined using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 30 items, namely 15 items for variable 2023/2024, proven through the following data analysis: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.518 > rtable(a=0.05,n=41) = 0.316. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 3.782 > ttable(a=0.05, dk=n-2=39)= 2.021. 2) Test the effect: a) Test the regression equation, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="21.17"+0.58X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 26.8%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=15, dk denominator=n-2=41-2=39) namely 14.26 > 1.92. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

It was found that there were still many irregularities in school financial management which resulted in the school financial system being unsystematic. The aim of this research is to find out how the school financial transparency system works to create a smart school with a management system with good integrity based on the construction of Christian education. The research method used in this research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The results show that if financial transparency can be implemented well, many parties will benefit and schools will gain good accountability. It is hoped that with this research, more schools will be able to implement school financial transparency.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Christian mission by the Christian Veterinary Mission (CVM) in the development of agriculture/livestock and education for students of IAKN Tarutung, which also focuses on evangelism that introduces Christ to the communities and students being served. CVM, as an international Christian mission organization, carries out services that combine spiritual and practical approaches, particularly among communities that also include IAKN Tarutung students, through technical assistance, training, community empowerment, and educational support. This research uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive analysis approach, utilizing data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation from CVM workers, scholarship recipients, and the communities involved in the program. The theoretical basis of this research refers to the thoughts of David J. Bosch, who asserts that mission is an attribute of God (missio Dei) and the church is merely an instrument sent to carry it out. This also underpins the view that CVM's mission is not merely evangelism, but also practical service that addresses the real needs of society. The research findings indicate that CVM implements a holistic mission that focuses not only on evangelism but also on economic empowerment through agricultural and livestock training, improving the quality of human resources through formal and non-formal education, and building social and spiritual relationships within the community. This research emphasizes that CVM's application of the Christian mission is capable of providing positive transformation that encompasses social, economic, educational, and spiritual aspects of the community. This finding is expected to serve as a reference for the development of Christian mission models in other regions with relevant and contextual approaches.

Pendidik memiliki tanggung jawab yang besar dalam membentuk generasi penerus bangsa. Di Indonesia, tantangan dunia pendidikan masih sangat kompleks, mulai dari rendahnya kualitas lulusan, lemahnya karakter, hingga maraknya kasus kekerasan dalam pendidikan. Amsal 22:6 memberikan dasar teologis bahwa pendidikan adalah usaha membimbing anak sesuai jalan yang benar agar tetap bertahan hingga dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran pendidik dalam mengoptimalkan potensi peserta didik di SMP Nasional Plus BPK Penabur Bogor dengan perspektif Alkitabiah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus melalui wawancara daring dengan siswa, guru, dan orang tua, serta studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab pendidik bukan hanya mentransfer pengetahuan, tetapi juga membentuk karakter, mengembangkan bakat, dan menciptakan suasana belajar yang kondusif. Optimalisasi dilakukan melalui kurikulum berbasis Kristiani, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, serta pembiasaan karakter. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya sinergi antara pendidik, orang tua, dan sekolah dalam membentuk generasi yang berkarakter, beriman, dan berkompetensi.

This article examines the role of Christian religious education in influencing mass media freedom and its impact on Christian religious education itself. In the context of globalization and digitalization, mass media has become the main means of disseminating information and religious values. Christian religious education functions to equip students with a critical understanding of media content, so that they are able to sort and understand religious teachings in dealing with various emerging perspectives. This research highlights the relationship between Christian religious education and the influence of mass media on the formation of the religious identity of the younger generation. The findings show that good Christian religious education can strengthen students' freedom of thought, help them to integrate Christian values ​​in everyday life, and create a deeper awareness of the influence of the media. Thus, synergy between religious education and mass media is very important to promote a holistic understanding of Christian teachings in modern society.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays a crucial role in building religious tolerance in a diverse society. PAK does not only focus on Christian teachings, but also seeks to shape students' morals, attitudes, and spirituality through an approach that is relevant to various age levels. Thus, this education provides a solid foundation for understanding universal human values. PAK emphasizes the importance of tolerance in a pluralistic society, respects religious diversity, and accepts differences as part of a complex social structure. In this context, PAK teaches students to see differences as a source of strength and cultural richness, not as a barrier. This education also encourages the development of empathy and concern for others, which are very important in building intergroup relationships.Furthermore, PAK actively seeks to expand understanding of the values ​​of commonality between religions through dialogue and seminars. These activities involve not only students but also parents and local communities and create constructive discussion forums. Using social media as a means to spread messages of taboos and respond quickly to religious issues is also an effective strategy given its broad impact. PAK also contributes to poverty alleviation and community empowerment, regardless of religion, with programs that focus on improving basic needs and quality of life.A commitment to justice and human rights is the foundation of all initiatives, and all stakeholders are asked to play an active role in creating positive change. Therefore, PAK aims to build a peaceful, harmonious, and inclusive society that values ​​differences and avoids conflict. Through continuing education and open dialogue, our goal is to equip future generations with an attitude of mutual respect and harmonious coexistence with diversity.

Profesi guru dalam perspektif pendidikan modern dipahami bukan sekadar sebagai penyampai pengetahuan, tetapi juga sebagai agen transformasi moral, etika, dan spiritual. Dalam konteks pendidikan Kristen, peran guru semakin signifikan karena dipanggil untuk menghadirkan teladan Kristus dalam seluruh aspek kehidupannya. Penelitian ini mengkaji relevansi keteladanan Yesus dalam Yohanes 13:13–16 dengan praktik pendidikan guru agama Kristen di sekolah. Teks ini menampilkan Yesus yang membasuh kaki murid-murid-Nya sebagai simbol kerendahan hati, kasih, dan pelayanan, yang menjadi dasar teologis bagi peran guru Kristen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan teologis dan pendidikan, melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara dengan guru-guru di SMA PGRI 22 Serpong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lima temuan utama. Pertama, teladan guru Kristen berfungsi sebagai model nyata yang membentuk iman dan karakter siswa. Kedua, praktik mentoring dalam perspektif Alkitab menegaskan pentingnya relasi personal dalam pendidikan iman. Ketiga, keteladanan Yesus menampilkan dimensi servant leadership yang relevan bagi kepemimpinan guru Kristen. Keempat, integritas guru Kristen menjadi fondasi utama dalam proses pendidikan karena konsistensi hidup lebih berpengaruh daripada sekadar instruksi verbal. Kelima, keteladanan Yesus tetap relevan di era modern karena mampu menuntun peserta didik menghadapi tantangan globalisasi dan digitalisasi dengan iman yang tangguh. Dengan demikian, guru agama Kristen dipanggil untuk melayani dengan kasih, rendah hati, dan penuh integritas, sehingga mampu membentuk generasi yang cerdas secara intelektual sekaligus matang secara spiritual.

Project Based Learning (PjBL) merupakan model pembelajaran inovatif yang menekankan keterlibatan aktif peserta didik melalui pengerjaan proyek nyata yang relevan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Model ini diyakini mampu memadukan aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik, sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna sekaligus meningkatkan keterampilan kolaboratif siswa. Sejumlah penelitian terdahulu menegaskan efektivitas PjBL, antara lain dalam meningkatkan keterampilan kolaborasi, komunikasi, berpikir kritis, serta motivasi belajar siswa. Dalam konteks pendidikan Kristen, nilai-nilai kerja sama, kerendahan hati, dan kebersamaan yang diajarkan Rasul Paulus dalam Filipi 2:1–11 memiliki relevansi kuat dengan prinsip PjBL. Nilai sehati sepikir, rendah hati, dan menanggung bersama menjadi fondasi penting dalam membangun kerja sama kelompok yang sehat.Namun, realitas di SMA Bhakti Insani menunjukkan bahwa implementasi PjBL belum optimal. Siswa masih menunjukkan sikap pasif, kurang fokus, serta minim kerja sama baik dengan guru maupun teman sebaya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji lebih jauh implementasi PjBL yang diintegrasikan dengan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah dalam meningkatkan kerja sama siswa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik observasi, kuesioner, dan wawancara terhadap 80 responden. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan PjBL terhadap peningkatan kerja sama siswa, dengan korelasi sebesar 0,940 dan kontribusi pengaruh mencapai 94%.Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa PjBL dapat menjadi strategi efektif dalam meningkatkan kerja sama siswa apabila dijalankan sejalan dengan nilai-nilai Kristiani. Dengan demikian, PjBL tidak hanya melatih keterampilan akademik dan kolaborasi, tetapi juga membentuk karakter siswa yang berlandaskan kasih, kerendahan hati, dan kebersamaan