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The Mataram High Court Decision Number 183/PDT/2023/PT MTR, which upheld the Selong District Court Decision Number 59/PDT/2023/PN SEL, stated that the Appellants' (formerly the Plaintiffs) lawsuit was inadmissible because there were parties who had not been involved in the case (lack of parties). The legal fact regarding this lack of parties had actually emerged since the on-site examination stage conducted by the Panel of Judges at the first instance. In fact, this had also been expressly conveyed by the Appellees (formerly the Defendants) through an exception. However, the Panel of Judges rejected the exception and ultimately contradictorily declared the lawsuit inadmissible. This study emphasizes the urgency of considering the results of the on-site examination in relation to the lack of parties and its implications for the ownership status of the disputed object after the decision. The research method used is a normative juridical approach, with analysis referring to statutory provisions, legal doctrine, and civil law principles. Specifically, this study highlights the law of evidence and the position of on-site examination in the judicial process. The research results show that on-site inspections actually play a crucial role in assessing evidence and witness statements related to the existence of parties who should be called into the lawsuit. However, this urgency is lost because the panel of judges' considerations are inconsistent with the provisions regarding the strength of evidence as stipulated in Article 284 of the RBg. Furthermore, the exception regarding the lack of parties whose substance is similar to the results of the on-site inspection is actually set aside. A further implication of this decision is that the ownership status of the disputed object does not change. After the decision is rendered, the object remains in the possession of the Respondents, without legal clarity regarding who the party legally has authority over it.

In recent years, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have increasingly positioned themselves as one of the main pillars of the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to employment opportunities, income distribution, and economic resilience. In the local context, Cifest Cikarang Selatan represents a dynamic marketplace where various MSMEs operate and directly interact with consumers. An interesting phenomenon emerges during holiday periods, when consumer behavior shows significant changes, especially in terms of purchasing methods and preferences between online and offline channels. This study aims to explore the transformation of consumer behavior, focusing on the comparative analysis of online and offline purchases, and to evaluate its broader implications for the sustainability and competitiveness of MSMEs operating at Cifest. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, using both recent statistical data and supporting literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the digital era’s influence on shopping patterns. The findings reveal that online purchases continue to grow rapidly due to convenience, wider product access, and promotional offers that attract customers. However, offline purchases remain relevant, particularly for consumers who value direct product inspection, immediate ownership, and social interaction within traditional marketplaces. For MSMEs, this shift presents both challenges and opportunities. Those that rely solely on conventional offline strategies risk losing competitiveness, while those able to integrate digital platforms with traditional sales methods demonstrate greater adaptability and potential for growth. Overall, this study concludes that the sustainability of MSMEs in Cifest Cikarang Selatan depends largely on their ability to embrace digital transformation without neglecting the strengths of offline interactions. By leveraging both channels strategically, MSMEs can not only survive but also thrive in the increasingly competitive market landscape shaped by evolving consumer behavior.

According to the circular letter from the Head of the Inspectorate General (KaIT) regarding the review of mining accident cases in September 2024 and the review of mining accidents in the third quarter of 2024, the percentage of accidents occurring in workshops reached 16.13%. Over the past five years, the Plant Department of PT Saptaindra Sejati Jobsite Sera has experienced two major incidents classified as Lost Time Injury (LTI) resulting from working with lifting equipment on undercarriage components. The purpose of this study is to identify risks, analyze risk levels, and provide recommendations for risk control in the overhaul work of the PC210-10M0 undercarriage. This research applies the HIRADC method by identifying potential hazards through calculations of likelihood and severity levels to obtain the risk level using a risk matrix. Control measures are then carried out through administrative actions such as documentation and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The results of this study indicate a decrease in risk levels after implementing risk controls—from extreme risk to medium risk, and from high risk to low risk. Suggestions from this study include the need to develop updated HIRADC for each section, actively conduct socialization regarding Job Safety Analysis (JSA) before work, and perform inspections as well as observations related to work behavior.

This community service project aims to improve the quality of street lighting around the Waringin Tunggal Studio, located in Soneyan Village, Pati Regency. As part of efforts to improve community comfort and safety, this project focuses on addressing the issue of inadequate lighting that can impact community activities, particularly at night. Inadequate lighting around the studio creates discomfort and reduces the sense of security for both studio users and the local community. The project began with a thorough inspection of the lighting conditions around the studio. The next step was to design technical solutions to improve the existing lighting system, including increasing the number of lamps and using more efficient types of lamps in terms of energy consumption and light distribution. Furthermore, good collaboration with village officials and other relevant parties was crucial for the smooth implementation of this project. The improvement process was carried out with a focus on energy efficiency and durability, ensuring long-term benefits. The results of this project showed a significant improvement in the quality and coverage of lighting around the Waringin Tunggal Studio. This improvement not only increased comfort but also increased the sense of security for studio visitors and the surrounding community. Access to the studio at night has become easier and safer, positively impacting the arts and cultural activities held there. A post-event evaluation showed increased community participation in the studio's evening events. This success demonstrates that improved lighting can encourage community participation in community activities. Going forward, it is hoped that this activity can be enhanced by utilizing renewable energy, such as solar power, to ensure optimal lighting even during power outages, thus ensuring the desirability of this activity in the future.

Pempek is a traditional Indonesian food that is widely loved by people because of its delicious taste and easy availability in various regions, especially in coastal areas. However, although pempek is made from ingredients that are generally safe for consumption, the unhygienic production process has the potential to cause contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The process of making pempek involves many hands, unsterile processing, and inadequate storage can increase the risk of bacterial proliferation, especially in food served by street vendors. This study aims to identify the presence of pathogenic bacteria in pempek sold by street vendors around the campus environment. By using sample dilution methods, inoculation onto Nutrient Agar (NA) media, as well as colony morphology differentiation and Gram staining, this study successfully identified several pathogenic bacteria that have the potential to harm health. The bacteria found included Staphylococcus sp., known as a pathogen causing food poisoning, E. coli which can cause gastrointestinal disorders, and Pseudomonas sp. which can cause skin and respiratory infections. Based on the results of this study, it is important for local food producers to maintain cleanliness and ensure hygienic production processes so that the food sold is safe for consumption. Furthermore, food quality monitoring by authorities and education for producers on the importance of hygiene in food preparation need to be strengthened to prevent the risk of foodborne illnesses. Furthermore, regular inspections of food sold by street vendors are crucial to ensure it is free from harmful microbial contamination. Implementing proper sanitation procedures at every stage of pempek production, from selecting raw materials to serving, can minimize the risk of microbial contamination.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Terminal Inspection Service (TIS) Unit in supervising landside facilities at Minangkabau International Airport. Landside facilities include passenger terminals, drop-off areas, parking lots, and other public spaces that serve as key interaction points between airport services and users. Effective supervision of these areas is essential to ensure safety, comfort, and order within the airport environment. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed in this research, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with TIS personnel and related stakeholders, as well as documentation analysis of existing regulations and supervision procedures.The findings reveal that the TIS Unit plays a strategic role in maintaining service quality and the security of landside facilities. This role is carried out through regular monitoring activities, early detection of potential disruptions, and the handling of various violations in public areas. However, the implementation of TIS duties still faces several challenges. These include limited personnel, which restricts comprehensive supervision of all areas; slow response from relevant units when operational issues are reported; and low discipline and compliance among service users, which further complicates enforcement efforts.To enhance the effectiveness of supervision, this study proposes several recommendations. These include strengthening inter-unit coordination within the airport, providing ongoing training for TIS personnel to improve competency and responsiveness, and implementing an integrated digital reporting system to streamline reporting and follow-up processes. Such measures are expected to support more optimal and sustainable supervision of landside facilities at the airport.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of preventive maintenance on the Simplex machine at PT. XYZ by applying the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) method and identifying the primary causes of production losses through the Six Big Losses framework. Preventive maintenance is an important strategy to ensure machine reliability, reduce downtime, and improve production efficiency. OEE is a widely recognized performance measurement tool consisting of three key indicators: Availability, Performance, and Quality. These indicators collectively reflect the overall effectiveness of equipment in supporting the production process. The results of this study indicate that the OEE value of the Simplex machine is 79%, which remains below the world-class benchmark of 85% as recommended by the Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM). This finding suggests that the machine’s performance has not yet reached the optimal standard and requires improvement efforts. Further analysis using the Six Big Losses approach reveals that the most significant contributors to reduced machine effectiveness are equipment failure and idling or minor stoppages. These two categories account for the majority of productivity losses, thereby affecting both machine utilization and production output. To further explore the underlying issues, a root cause analysis was conducted using a fishbone diagram, which enabled the identification of several critical factors related to human resources, methods, machines, materials, environment, and measurement systems. Based on this analysis, improvement proposals were developed through the 5W+1H method, providing a systematic strategy to enhance preventive maintenance practices. The recommended actions include scheduling more frequent inspections, improving operator training, upgrading spare parts management, and implementing stricter monitoring of machine performance. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of continuous preventive maintenance to optimize machine productivity and reduce unplanned downtime. By adopting the proposed improvement strategies, PT. XYZ can increase the effectiveness of its Simplex machine, moving

When producing a perfect product, design process namely 2D modeling and 3D drawing, are closely related. The purpose of this study is to design a 3D model of a gun mastering machine product as a fan drive using CAD applications. The method of this study is decision data on API production (analytical product inspection). Measurement of sterling machine degradation using CPK (deviation) received results of -0.97, -0.22, 0.86, 0.11, 0.11 between zero and what indicates this specification. On average, the results of the stirling fluid fluorescent agent measurement are red numbers indicating that the survey dimensions are absent, especially from the basic dimensions of point 4, with samples 2, 3, and 5 exceeding the specified tolerance limits.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy, including in the garment industry. The subject of this study is MSME X, located in Cimahi City, which specializes in the production of knitted clothing. This research aims to identify production problems, analyze the causes of defects, and design improvement strategies using the Six Sigma method with the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach. In the Define stage, the main problems are identified through the Critical to Quality (CTQ) approach, which reveals three major types of defects: button defects (39%), stitching defects (32%), and fabric or pattern defects (29%). Next, the Measure stage is conducted to assess process performance using quality indicators. The calculation results show a Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO) value of 10,968.95 and a Sigma Level of 3.79, indicating room for improvement. The Analyze stage utilizes Pareto and Fishbone diagrams to identify root causes. The Improve stage applies Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to determine improvement priorities. The Control stage involves the use of Statistical Process Control (SPC), regular inspections, and an incentive system. This approach is expected to reduce defect rates and sustainably improve production efficiency.

In response to increasing competition in the manufacturing sector, PT X—a copper busbar manufacturing company—implemented Lean Manufacturing supported by Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to improve production efficiency and reduce supply chain costs. This study utilizes VSM, Value Stream Analysis Tools (VALSAT), and Root Cause Analysis (5 Whys) to identify sources of waste and formulate improvement strategies. The analysis identified three dominant wastes: waiting time, product defects, and excess inventory. These were mainly caused by the lack of standardized material procedures, inadequate supporting equipment, and poor integration between the incoming inspection process and the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. To address these issues, the study proposes installing silica rolls, providing air wipers and flatness tools, developing standardized work instructions, and integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology with the ERP system for real-time monitoring. As a result of implementing these solutions, PT X successfully reduced its defect rate from 6.23% to 1.32%, decreased lead time, and achieved notable savings in supply chain costs. The findings demonstrate that integrating Lean Manufacturing principles with VSM can effectively eliminate non-value-added activities, streamline production processes, and enhance overall competitiveness. This study reinforces the strategic value of Lean tools in continuous improvement initiatives within the manufacturing industry.

Fruits and vegetables are perishable food items that require special handling during both the receiving and storage processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of fruit and vegetable receiving and storage processes in the kitchen of Hotel Mercure Surabaya Grand Mirama. This research employs two approaches: quantitative descriptive and qualitative. Data collection techniques include questionnaires, interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative analysis, where questionnaire results are calculated using a percentage formula (%) and described using percentage interpretation criteria. Based on the findings, the implementation of fruit and vegetable receiving processes at Hotel Mercure Surabaya Grand Mirama shows that indicators for product freshness, material inspection, rejection of non-conforming materials, sorting, and washing are categorized as good. However, the indicator for material cleanliness falls under the fair category. Meanwhile, the implementation of storage processes, including storage temperature, storage facilities, storage inspection, and the application of the FIFO (First In First Out) storage method, demonstrates a very good criterion. Nevertheless, material separation received a good criterion, indicating room for further improvement to optimize storage management and ensure compliance with established standards.

The continuous operation of airlock machines in wheat milling facilities plays a critical role in the material handling system, especially in the transfer of grain from ships to silo storage. At PT XYZ, the airlock machine has been identified as the equipment with the highest frequency of downtime over a three-month observation period, leading to significant disruptions in production flow and increased corrective maintenance costs. This study aims to analyze the failure modes of the airlock machine using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method and to develop preventive maintenance recommendations based on the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) values. The research adopts a quantitative descriptive approach, involving field observations, interviews with maintenance personnel, historical breakdown analysis, and machine technical documentation review. The FMEA results indicate that the seal, gear, and bearing are the most critical components, with RPN values of 224, 210, and 192, respectively. These components are prioritized for preventive actions such as regular seal replacement, scheduled lubrication, gear inspections, and motor monitoring. Simulation of the proposed maintenance strategy demonstrates a 66.7% reduction in downtime, from 18 hours to 6 hours per month, and a 43.7% reduction in total maintenance costs, from Rp 9,034,500 to Rp 5,087,500 monthly. These results validate the effectiveness of the FMEA method in identifying risk-prone components and optimizing maintenance planning. It is recommended that PT XYZ institutionalize periodic FMEA updates and establish a cross-functional analysis team to continuously monitor and improve equipment reliability.

This paper discusses the quarantine clearance out handling process through the SSM Single Submission System for the issuance of the Port Health Quarantine Certificate PHQC on the MT Jupiter Star ship managed by PT Semesta Sejahtera Lestari, Lampung Branch. Quarantine clearance out is an important stage in ensuring that ships departing from the port meet all health requirements and are free from the threat of diseases that can be transmitted to other areas. This process begins with the submission of an application by the ship's agent through the SSM System, which is designed to facilitate interaction between various related agencies, including the KKP Port Health Office, Customs, Immigration, and Ksop. After the application is submitted, quarantine officers will conduct a health inspection of the ship, including an examination of the crew and other health documentation. The results of this inspection are then recorded in the system and, if all requirements are met, a PHQC will be issued. This paper also identifies the challenges faced in the process, such as data integration between agencies that is sometimes less than optimal, and the importance of improving coordination between related parties to ensure a smooth clearance out process. Ultimately, the implementation of the SSM system is expected to increase efficiency and transparency in the process of issuing port health certificates, which in turn supports the smooth running of international shipping and trade activities. In writing this paper, the author used field research and library research methods.

The welding process is a crucial element in the fabrication and manufacturing industries, serving to join two or more components into a single unit. The quality of the weld is very important, but defects such as undercut, underfill, and spatter are often still found. This study aims to analyse welding defects caused by voltage variations and differences in welding wire on T-joint fillet welds using the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) method on 8 mm thick plates. The voltage variations used were 20.6 V, 23.7 V, and 27.9 V, with welding wires EN ISO 14341-A: G 42 4 M21 3Sil and EN ISO 14341-A: G 46 4 M21 Z 3Ni1Cu. The research method used visual inspection and penetrant testing to identify types of welding defects. The research results showed four types of welding defects from visual inspection: spatter, undercut, weld deposit thickness, and excessive throat thickness, and two from penetrant testing: undercut and end creater pipe. Based on the two tests conducted in this study, it can be concluded that the optimal welding results were achieved at a voltage variation of 23.7 V using the EN ISO 14341-A: G 46 4 M21 Z 3Ni1Cu, as it had the fewest welding defects. The worst welding results were obtained at a voltage variation of 20.6 V using both types of welding wire, as this welding process resulted in numerous welding defects in both visual and penetrant testing. This study provides insights that proper welding parameter settings significantly influence the quality of the welded joint.

This research was conducted at PTPN IV Regional II Adolina Palm Oil Plantation and Mill Unit with the aim of evaluating the effect of Ripple Mill machine efficiency on palm kernel impurity levels through a multiple linear regression analysis approach. Ripple Mill is a vital piece of equipment in the palm kernel cracking process, which plays a role in determining the quality of the palm kernel. This machine works by breaking the kernels to produce kernels that are separated from the shells. However, when machine efficiency decreases due to technical and operational factors, palm kernel impurity levels tend to increase, characterized by an increase in shell fragments, fibers, and other foreign materials. This condition can have an impact on decreasing product quality and increasing further processing costs. Data collection was carried out over five days of observations covering the variables of machine efficiency and kernel impurity levels obtained from production results. The study found a strong negative correlation between machine efficiency and impurity levels in palm kernels. This means that the higher the efficiency of the Ripple Mill, the lower the resulting palm kernel impurity levels. This finding also confirms that quality control in the production process is not only determined by raw material factors but also highly dependent on the performance of the processing machine. Furthermore, the research results demonstrate the importance of implementing preventive maintenance strategies, including regular inspections of the rotor bar, square bar, and drive motor, as well as regulating operating parameters such as rotational speed and machine load. Proper preventive maintenance and operational control are essential to sustain machine efficiency and product quality. Therefore, continuous improvement in technical and managerial aspects is essential to maintain palm kernel quality and support optimal palm oil mill productivity.

This study uses a qualitative method to examine legal protection for female workers who experience discrimination in employment relationships. Discrimination against women in the workplace remains prevalent, taking forms such as unequal pay, limited opportunities for promotion, and sexual harassment, all of which affect their safety and comfort at work. Legal protection for female workers is regulated by various laws, including the Manpower Act, the Human Rights Act, and ILO conventions ratified by Indonesia. However, the implementation of these protections is often ineffective due to weak law enforcement, limited awareness among female workers regarding their rights, and the persistence of patriarchal culture. This study aims to analyze the extent to which legal regulations and their implementation function effectively, as well as the obstacles female workers face in claiming their rights. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, literature review, and document analysis. The findings indicate the need to strengthen labor inspection institutions and provide legal education for female workers to achieve justice in employment relationships.  

Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem globally, including in Indonesia. This disease ranks fourth as the most common cancer in women in the world, with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. Analyzing the current condition of cervical cancer in Indonesia including prevalence, risk factors, impacts, prevention efforts, and treatment based on data to provide a comprehensive picture of the situation of cervical cancer in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is defined as a malignant tumor in the cervix that attacks the epithelial layer and has the potential to spread. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. In addition, several supporting risk factors include risky sexual behavior, long-term use of oral contraceptives, smoking habits, nutritional deficiencies (especially vitamins C, E, and folic acid), and poor personal hygiene. The Indonesian government has attempted to identify the disease early through the Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (IVA) method used for early detection of cervical cancer in women aged 30 to 50 years. However, community participation in this program still needs to be improved sustainably. Treatment for cervical cancer can include surgery (eg cryosurgery, LEEP, hysterectomy), radiation, and chemotherapy. Cervical cancer remains a major health challenge in Indonesia. Improved education programs, participation in early detection of IVA, and strengthening of the health system as a whole are needed to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality caused by this disease.

Athis study explores the optimization of labor inspection to ensure legal protection for the fulfillment of workers’ rights in Indonesia. Despite existing regulations, violations of labor rights frequently occur due to weak enforcement. Using a qualitatibe descriptive method through literature review, this research highlights issues such as the PT GNI case that demonstrate inadequate preventive and enforcement actions by labor inspectors. The study recommends strengthening labor inspection through preventive and repressive measures, the use of technology, community-based monitoring, and the implementation of transparent and accountable oversight principles. These findings aim to provide recommendations for the government to enhance the labor inspection system for better protection and legal enforcement for workers.

This research aims to examine the gap in legal protection for domestic workers in Indonesia through an analysis of Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and ILO Convention No. 189 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers. Until now, domestic workers have not been explicitly recognized in national regulations, so their basic rights such as living wages, social security, and humane working hours are often neglected. This condition is exacerbated by the absence of written work contracts, the dominance of informal recruitment, and the view of the community that does not consider domestic workers as formal workers. This article concludes that the ratification of ILO Convention 189 and the passing of the Domestic Workers Protection Bill are strategic steps to strengthen legal protection for domestic workers in Indonesia, which also needs to be supported by labor inspection and comprehensive legal education.

The manufacturing industry faces major challenges in maintaining consistent product quality amidst the dynamics of technology and global competition. This study aims to develop an effective Business Intelligence (BI) implementation model to support data-based quality control. The method used is a conceptual design approach through integrated system simulation, including MySQL database, PHP backend, Power BI visualization, Google Cloud AutoML predictive analytics, and initial processing using Microsoft Excel. Historical production data for 12 months is used for model training and defect trend visualization. The simulation results show that the implementation of BI can reduce product defect rates, accelerate system response, and increase inspection process efficiency. Technical validation proves the model's prediction accuracy is above 90%, while field validation shows positive acceptance from users regarding the ease of use of the dashboard. This system not only supports early detection of quality deviations but also contributes to real-time strategic decision making. With an integrated technology approach, BI enables medium-sized manufacturing companies to adopt an adaptive and sustainable digital quality system, in line with the concept of Quality 4.0.