Publication Search

Trade liberalization or free trade is a condition in which a country engages in trade with other nations without any barriers. The process towards achieving free trade is referred to as trade liberalization. One of the goals of trade liberalization is to promote economic growth by capturing both static and dynamic benefits of trade through more efficient allocation of resources. This research aims to examine the impact of international trade liberalization on export-import growth in five ASEAN countries. The study employs a qualitative descriptive research approach using literature review methods, drawing information from previous research journals and utilizing data obtained from the World Bank. The research is conducted in five ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The results of this research explain that trade liberalization and economic openness provide access to knowledge for developing countries and create a more competitive environment, forcing domestic producers to improve the quality of their products to remain competitive with foreign producers. Trade liberalization is associated with opening market access for a country's export products to the world. The increasing foreign investment leads to a rising flow of investment profits (income) to foreign countries

At this time, international trade has become an important part of business development. This is demonstrated by the development of multinational companies. International trade is the exchange of products between countries. This entails buying and selling of products between other countries, as well as transactions between people from different countries. This research data collection approach is a secondary data collection technique. Data collection in research research was carried out by means of a literature study. Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis, namely by describing the data qualitatively in the form of sentences and statements to make it easier to read and understand the data. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the main factors influencing international trade in the State of Indonesia with the current conditions are the potential of the State of Indonesia in producing or the resources it owns as well as requests from other countries. exports, foreign tourists and e-commerce which can increase the amount of national income of the State of Indonesia. In addition, the negative impact of globalization on international trade in Indonesia is an increase in the number of imports, economic inequality and acceptance of foreign culture which can reduce the amount of national income of the Indonesian state and kill local industries in Indonesia.

The existence of acceptance of imported used clothing in society is a serious enough problem in an industry, especially in the garment industry, many people prefer imported used clothing to local products making it a challenge for the garment industry to be able to compete with the used clothing market which has become the idol of society lately This. In fact, the government has been intensifying regulations regarding the banning of imports of used clothes for a long time to help industrial parties keep their businesses running. However, the demand for the garment industry is decreasing day by day, so strong protection is needed for garment products to survive in the domestic market. So the authors are very interested in conducting studies regarding the rise of imported clothing which is increasingly troubling the industry, both garment and textile. This study uses a normative legal research method that conducts empirical studies. The results of this study show that there are a lot of government regulations that have been issued regarding imported clothing, both the impact and the way to solve them. In addition, the author also provides an understanding of the economic review of the laws put forward by the ministers and the solutions that must be faced by the garment industry.

The development of world globalization at this time has resulted in all countries having to be able to adapt to the changes that have occurred. One of the impacts of globalization is the growing development of international markets which has led to more open export and import activities between countries. Export activities are activities of selling goods abroad, while import activities are the opposite, namely activities of buying goods from abroad. The development of import and export can improve the country's economy if it is managed effectively. Commodities that are often exported and imported are the non-oil and gas sector. Non-oil and gas itself stands for non-oil and gas. Export and import activities in the non-oil and gas sector in each province tend to be different and fluctuate, one of which is in West Java Province. This analysis aims to determine the development of the non-oil and gas export-import sector in West Java Province. The research method used in this analysis is to use qualitative methods by collecting data using literature study techniques collected through data from West Java BPS (Central Statistics Agency) regarding non-oil and gas exports and imports according to Goods Class (Millions USD) in 2013-2017. The results of this analysis show that (1) the export-import performance of the group of non-oil and gas goods in West Java Province from 2013 to 2017 shows an instability that can be seen in the value of imports, then an increase in the value of exports; (2) The trade balance shows a positive value, meaning that foreign trade in the non-oil and gas sector is dominated by exports.

For a Mall itself has a strategic location factor supported by road network access, visitors, exhibition activities, consumer needs as well as market demand, existing entertainment services, as well as those from the Mall itself. An advantage in itself will be the demand for a market and its management which may be felt to have more carrying capacity. From the development of Mall itself, which pampers the needs of a certain time. From the needs of a market obtained from exports or imports. As well as distances that are easy to reach by the people of Semarang themselves either via public transportation or private vehicles.

The purpose of this study is to see how changes in rice imports in North Sumatra Province between 2009 and 2019 are due to changes in rice production, prices and consumption. To see how the influence of independent factors on the dependent variable, this study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of multiple linear regression analysis partially show that domestic rice imports in North Sumatra are negatively and not significantly affected by rice production. In North Sumatra, the price of rice is positively and insignificantly affected by rice production, while rice consumption is negatively affected and may not be significantly affected by rice imports. There is no visible effect between the variables of rice production, rice prices, rice consumption, and rice from 2009 to 2019.

The study aims to identify and analyze factors that influence rice imports in North Sumatra. The type of data used in this study is secondary data. Secondary data is a source of research data obtained by researchers indirectly through intermediary media. Secondary data is generally evidence, records or historical reports that have been compiled in published archives and that have not been published. After the data is collected, the data analysis will be carried out using a computer device through the Eviews application program version 9. The analysis of the data was carried out to determine the extent to which the free variables (X1) Rice Production (X2) Rice Price, (X3) Rice Consumption and (Y) Rice Import were determined by using the regression model Error Correlation Model (ECM) to know the effects of the variables in the long and short term.  The results of ECM analysis or the results of the short-term analysis of variables of production and rice prices have a negative and significant impact on rice imports, while the variable of rice consumption has a positive and non-significant impact on imports of rice in North Sumatra.

As international trade activities are increased, there are more regulative practices which might  be  barriers to trade. One  of such hindrances is exchange rate volatility that  affects trade activities both  directly  and indirectly. Exchange rate volatility of currencies can  affect  the  trade engagements and  as well as the  trade balance of a country. One  of the  implications of the  study is that  the  impacts of monetary policy changes on trade activities can  be  noticed significantly in the  long-term. While impacts on export levels  are usually immediate, import levels are changed in long-run. The research analyzes the correlation between inflation and  devaluation and  clearly  states their  impacts on  trade balance. The  case study about devaluation of the  currency of Azerbaijan elaborates the  impacts of currency volatility on exports which is illustrated and analyzed in this research. Moreover, inflation and  devaluation correlations and  their impacts on import level of a country are studied through correlation and  multiple  regression analyses based on the  data exported from  OECD and  World Bank.  The  results conclude that  exchange rate volatility significantly impacts the trade balance in terms of imports and  exports. Given the  results, exchange rate is a non-trade barrier and affects foreign trade.

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between GDP, inflation and exchange rates on imports in Indonesia in 1991 – 2020. Import is the process of legally transporting goods or commodities from one country to another, generally in the process of trade. If in a country imports increase then the country's national income will decrease. Countries that often import are developing countries, for example Indonesia. Therefore, the method that can be used is the VAR method. and the data used is quantitative data, because the data used to calculate the effect on import variables. The source of financial data is used as secondary data, which is data obtained from official sites or websites. The results of this study are that the inflation variable has a greater relationship than GDP and exchange rates.

This research aims to analyze the influence of exchange rate, exports, and  imports on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves in the period of 1992-2021. The dependent variable is foreign exchange reserves, whereas the independent variables consist of exchange rate, exports, and imports. The research uses secondary data in time series obtained from Indonesia’s World Bank Data. Data are analyzed with VAR (Vector Auto Regression), those analyzed use E-Views 10 apss by including analysis method, which includes stationary tests, stability tests, optimum lag tests, cointegration tests, VAR estimation tests, Engle Granger causality tests, Impulse Response Function (IRF) tests, and Variance Decomposition (VD) tests. The results of the study show that exchange rate variables have a large influence on foreign exchange reserves, while export and import variables have a small effect on foreign exchange reserves.

Economic growth is a process of economic change that occurs in a country on an ongoing basis to lead to changes for the better over a certain period of time. The development of the Indonesian economy cannot be separated from the influence of various factors, including factors from abroad. Economic growth is influenced by several factors including exports, imports, fiscal deficits, and foreign debt. This study aims to determine the effect of exports, imports, fiscal deficits and foreign debt on economic growth in Indonesia for the 2017-2020 period. The sample selection in this study used the cluster sampling method because the objects and data sources to be studied were very broad, consisting of 34 provinces in Indonesia, the total data used was 680 samples. The data analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that exports have a negative and significant effect on economic growth. Imports have a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth. The fiscal deficit has a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth. Foreign debt has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Further researchers can also continue this research with a qualitative approach, where several variables that have no significant effect can be studied and analyzed by several key stakeholders who have a direct role in economic growth, so that further research models can be better.

The financial system plays an important role in the economy. An unstable financial system will be vulnerable to various problems that disrupt the rotation of a country's economy and be vulnerable to economic problems such as the global crisis in various countries. The problem that occurs is the occurrence of Covid-19 causing various fluctuations in the level of inflation, money supply, imports, the occurrence of unstable inflation from January 2019 to August 2021, low inflation resulting in a decrease in imports and an increase in the money supply in Mexico. , Vietnam, Philippines, Hongkong, Indonesia, Canada, Malaysia, Singapore, Peru, and China. The analytical method in this study uses the ARDL Panel (Autoregression Distributed Lag) approach. The ARDL Panel Model determines which country models from APEC countries are able to control long-term financial system-based economic fundamentals in Mexico, Vietnam, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Canada, Malaysia, Singapore, Peru, and China and the Different Test for modeling the impact of covid-19 19 on the economic fundamentals of the financial system. The results of the research found the ARDL Panel prediction model in modeling the impact of Covid-19 on economic fundamentals in the financial system. The main Leading Indicator of variable effectiveness in controlling Inflation In TAPEC is JUB where Vietnam, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Peru and China have a significant influence in controlling Inflation. Then overall in the long term (Long Run) it turns out that only the JUB and CDV variables have an effect on INF In TAPEC, while in the short term (Short Run) it is JUB that influences Inflation In TAPEC.  

Cookies are a type of patisserie product that is in great demand by the public. Most types of cookies need wheat flour as the basic ingredient, so that causing increased imports of wheat flour. To get around the amount of use of wheat flour so can be used flour from local food ingredients such as yellow sweet potato flour. Purpose of the research: 1) Knowing the composition of the ingredients that used in the making of oatmeal cookies with yellow sweet potato flour substitution; 2) Knowing the process of making oatmeal cookies with yellow sweet potato flour substitution; 3) Knowing the level of people's preference towards oatmeal cookies with yellow sweet potato flour substitution. The methods used in this research are the method of literature, experimentation, documentation, questionnaire, sensory testing, hedonic testing and data analysis. Yellow sweet potato flour used was 15%, 30%, 45% of the weight of the flour. The results showed that oatmeal cookies with yellow sweet potato flour were the most preferred and accepted by the panelists as products with the substitution of yellow sweet potato flour as much as 30%.

Bread has many types, one of which is sweet bread, the main ingredient in processed sweet bread is wheat flour. The high use of wheat flour causes the number of wheat imports in Indonesia to be high. The decrease in wheat imports can be reduced by using local food ingredients such as corn flour, mocaf flour, and binahong leaf jam. This study aims to determine (1) the process of making gluten-free sweet bread from corn flour, mocaf flour, and binahong leaves. (2) Gluten-free sweet bread recipe from corn flour, mocaf flour, and binahong leaves (3) The level of public preference for gluten free sweet bread products from corn flour, mocaf flour, and binahong leaves. The method used in this study is the method of literature, experiments, documentation, and sensory testing. The percentage of using cornflour and mocaf flour in making glute- free sweet bread is 50%:50%, 70%:30%, and 80%:20%, of the weight of wheat flour. The results showed that gluten-free sweet bread products were the most preferred with a ratio of 70% cornflour and 30% mocaf flour.

In Semarang city suspected of many cosmetic products packaging or wrap that is circulating in the community did not provide information that is clear, both in terms of composition that does not mention the substance or the standards set by the health department, products with labels that have expired, as well as product information is misleading, particularly outstanding in the traditional markets. It is then the background for the author to take the title: "Overview of Consumer Protection Laws Against Illegal Import Chinese Cosmetic Products in Semarang".            Formulation The problem in this case is (1) How are monitoring has been done by the government (BBPOM) to consumer protection in the field of cosmetic products illegally imported Chinese in Semarang? How can these obstacles to the implementation of supervision BBPOM against illegal imports of Chinese cosmetic products in the protection of consumers in Semarang? How are the remedies that have been taken by the government BBPOM to consumer protection related to the circulation of illegal imports of Chinese cosmetics in the city of Semarang The method used in this research is the method of approach to examine the rules of the applicable law, whereas the specification of the research is analytic descriptive only portray the legislation in force linked and analyzed with the theories of jurisprudence and a keadaaanatau particular object in a factual and accurate, and the data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that (1) Efforts to control the government has done (BBPOM) to consumer protection in the field of cosmetic products illegally imported Chinese in the city, carried out with the cooperation and coordination across relevant sectors, among others, by the District Government / City (Department of Health / Department of Industry / Department of Commerce), the National Police, as well as the Association as well as the role of the community. (2) The form of the obstacles to the implementation of supervision BBPOM against cosmetic products illegal Chinese imports in the protection of consumers in the city of Semarang, among others, actors utilize means and legal products, the perpetrator repackaging its products, the lack of public attention, the number of products containing hazardous materials, (3) Efforts the completion of which the government has done BBPOM to consumer protection related to the circulation of cosmetic illegal imports of Chinese in Semarang city is done by sanctioning criminal and administrative sanctions, but it is done through counseling, talk shows, seminars and the distribution of stickers to be vigilant and clever in choosing and using cosmetics that will be