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This research aims to describe the diversity of literature-based qualitative research applied in the study of religion and religiosity in Islam. Through descriptive qualitative research methods with library data collection, this research explores a variety of research that can be used in research on religion and diversity in Islam. The results show various research from various angles that can be applied in literature-based studies of religion and diversity in Islam. First, in terms of the type of research, namely the study of revelation texts, the study of figures' thoughts, textbook analysis, and historical studies. Second, in terms of research approaches, namely theological, anthropological, sociological, historical, interpretive, biographical research, hermeneutics, and artifact studies. The three research methods are descriptive, theoretical, comparative (muqaranah), historical and critical. Fourth, in terms of research data analysis, content analysis, discourse analysis, historical analysis, critical analysis, textual analysis, narrative analysis, and narrative analysis, thematic analysis, descriptive analysis, intertextual. The implication of this research is to enrich the insight of academics and researchers in choosing appropriate research methods for studying Islamic religion and diversity and encouraging the use of more varied, combinative, and in-depth qualitative research. The suggestions include integrating more interdisciplinary approaches, methods, and analysis in studying Islamic religion and diversity to produce more comprehensive findings relevant to current developments. In addition, researchers are expected to be able to develop analytical and critical skills in evaluating literature, which will help enrich academic discourse in this field.

Mantras are spelled out as part of the cultural values of a community. In the mantra text there are various concepts of the value of spirituality and religiosity. Mantras are also part of the means of asking for help and wishes in order to be granted by God. One of the mantras discussed in this study is the “Asihan Jaran Goyang” spell. This mantra aims to overcome the soul and soul of others to love and like the person who practices the mantra. In this study, “Asihan Jaran Goyang” was positioned into a text that was discussed based on the meaning, function and context of the narrative. The method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative by placing text analysis as the object of study. In addition, it also analyzes the context of mantra narration related to the practice that is a condition for obtaining power from the spell. The results showed that the structure of the “Asihan Jaran Goyang” mantra from the use of language, majas, and themes with isotopy analysis is related to the form of belief in God. Meanwhile, the function, context of narration and creation process describe the process of chanting mantras and practices that must be fulfilled by the mantra reciter, while functions indicate the functional usefulness of mantras by mantra reciters.    

This study explores the semantic dimensions and symbolic meanings found in Buddhist religious texts by applying a hermeneutic analysis to the concept of dukkha in the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta. Commonly translated as suffering, dukkha carries broader existential implications, such as dissatisfaction, impermanence, and the inherent unsatisfactory nature of existence. Employing a qualitative hermeneutic approach combined with semantic and semiotic analysis, the research identifies three interconnected layers of meaning within dukkha: the literal level, referring to physical and mental suffering; the contextual level, which reflects the human existential condition; and the spiritual level, where dukkha becomes a gateway toward liberation. The results indicate that a nuanced understanding of the semantic richness of dukkha is crucial for a deeper comprehension of the Four Noble Truths as the core framework of Buddhist doctrine. This study contributes to interdisciplinary discourse among linguistics, religious studies, and Buddhist practice, emphasizing that sacred language functions not only to convey doctrine but also to encourage inner reflection and spiritual transformation.

This research aims to explore the hermeneutical thought patterns of the Koran; Prof. Sahiron Syamsuddin uses descriptive qualitative methods with literature analysis. The research results show that the ma'na-cum-maghza hermeneutic method developed by Prof. Sahiron Syamsuddin is a development of various previous interpretive theories with no genuinely new elements. The proposed methodology must be more thorough, and the solutions and proposals are still general and ambiguous. Criticism of classical ulama's thinking is more dominant, and the absence of the word "Hermeneutical Tafsir of the Koran" shows that this method is impractical and can only be applied in a limited way. The implication is that this hermeneutics is unsuitable for studying the Koran because it can cause confusion and doubt. This approach is based on an attitude of skepticism and relativism, which places the Koranic text on par with other texts, resulting in uncertainty in meaning and interpretation that is relative and temporary. The use of the ma'na-cum-maghza hermeneutic method can result in the deconstruction of Islamic laws in the Koran and disrupt the structure of Islamic epistemology.

the aim of this research is to describe the meaning contained in the lyrics of the song celengan rindu by fiersa besari through the analysis of erlebnis, ausdruck, and verstehen of wilhelm dilthey's hermeneutical study. This type of research is descriptive using a qualitative research design. The data from this research are the lyrics of the song celengan rindu by fiersa besari. The theory that is the basis of this research uses wilhem dilthey's hermeneutics which focuses on three concepts, namely erlebnis (lived experience), ausdruck (expression), and verstehen (understanding). The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data were analyzed using listening, note-taking and documentation techniques. The results of this research using wilhem dilthey's hermeneutics show (1) the erlebnis concept includes: (a) fiersa besari's life experience (b) the history of the song celengan rindu as viewed from fiersa besari's life experience. (2) the concept of ausdruck in this song is fiersa besari's expression about long distance relationships. (3) the verstehen concept includes: (a) long distance relationships described by fiersa besari through the song piggy bank rindu (b) excessive jealousy that can occur in long distance relationships described by fiersa besari through the song piggy bank rindu.

In the history of Islam, there is no prohibition for women to do work outside their homes. women have great roles and responsibilities when they do activities outside the home. This is evidenced by the existence of women who participated in wars, worked as nurses, shepherds, babysitters, and many more. Although in Islam it is said that women are siblings of men and women have equality with men, this does not mean that it is used as a barrier between men and women. This research is included in the type of library research, namely understanding the hadiths that discuss women who are active outside the home, especially the hadith that says that women are aurat. When women are outside the home, they should maintain their socialization, maintain their manners, and maintain the clothes they wear so that there is no fitnah which will have a bad impact on women.

This writing aims to prove that Christ Centric ideas when integrated with psychotherapy and logotherapy are effective in overcoming the problem of losing a loved one and will produce a significant level of recovery. Through this research, it is shown that people who grieve when carrying out several activities, such as listening to sermons, reading the Bible, singing, and carrying out social-diaconal actions; their faith has been strengthened (orthodoxy), their enthusiasm for carrying out religious and social activities (orthopraxy), they are more sensitive to other people (ortopathy), and they have increased their ability to do good deeds (pietas). Therefore, the church needs to involve grieving people in church activities, because by involving them, it also means helping them to speed up the process of recovery from grief. Academically, the idea of ​​Christ Centric theology can be justified. Through an exegetical study of Colossians 1:15-20, it has been proven that Christ is central and primary in all forms of God's plans and actions. Both in the creation event, maintenance of creation after the fall into sin, redemption, and salvation; Christ is the center and ultimate. Thus, Christ Centric theology is worthy of being applied in Christian counseling and psychotherapy.

This study examines the semantic dimensions in Buddhist religious texts, focusing on linguistic meaning, symbolism, and interpretation. Applying theoretical frameworks of semantics (lexical semantics, semiotics) and qualitative hermeneutical methodology, this research aims to understand how Buddhist teachings are constructed in texts and interpreted by Buddhist communities. The findings indicate that key texts such as the Sutta Pitaka and Mahāyāna Sūtras contain multiple layers of meaning that depend on cultural context, ritual practices, and teacher interpretations. This research supports the development of interdisciplinary understanding between linguistics, religious studies, and Buddhist practice. The study reveals that meaning in Buddhist texts operates on three distinct levels: literal (vācika), contextual (attha), and spiritual (paramārtha), each requiring different hermeneutical approaches. Symbols such as the lotus and the Dharma wheel function not merely as metaphorical ornaments but as carriers of profound cosmological and soteriological significance

This study critically examines the semantic and symbolic depth of khanti (patience or forbearance) as expressed in Dhammapada verse 184: “Forbearance is the supreme ascetic practice (khanti parama tapo titikkhā), Nibbāna is supreme.” Through a qualitative hermeneutic approach that integrates classical semantics, modern linguistics, and Gadamerian interpretation, khanti is reinterpreted not merely as passive tolerance, but as an active moral and spiritual strategy within Buddhist ethical thought. The findings show that khanti functions as a multi-layered sign linguistically rich, symbolically resonant, and culturally embedded supporting inner transformation and ethical agency. In the Indonesian Buddhist context, khanti is reframed as a pedagogical and communicative tool for cultivating resilience, conflict resolution, and ethical leadership. This research contributes to interdisciplinary discourse on moral education and religious communication by emphasizing the strategic potential of Buddhist ethical concepts in contemporary society.

This article examines the semantic meaning in the Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra (Heart Sūtra), one of the important sūtras in the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. Using a qualitative approach, this article integrates semantic and hermeneutical theories to understand the structure of meaning, symbolism, and interpretation contained in the text. The analysis focuses on key words such as śūnyatā (emptiness), negation structures, and closing mantras as symbolic forms towards enlightenment. The study employs close reading methodology combined with semantic field theory, polysemy analysis, and apophatic language frameworks. The results show that a semantic approach deepens the understanding of Buddha's teachings and their relevance in spiritual practice. This article also highlights how meaning in the text is not only linguistic, but also existential and contemplative, demonstrating that religious language in Mahāyāna functions as metalanguage pointing beyond conceptual understanding.

This research explores the relationship between music and philosophy within the context of Christian faith. The research methodology employed is descriptive and qualitative, utilizing a hermeneutic approach that involves literature review, in-depth interviews, and qualitative analysis. The findings indicate that music, as an art form that utilizes sound, plays a significant role in expressing Christian faith, facilitating church worship, and fostering fellowship. Christian philosophy is the study of the nature of reality. It helps to understand the meaning of music in the context of Christian beliefs, examine aspects of music, and develop Christian theology. The Bible provides guidance on the role of music and philosophy in the Christian faith. Music and philosophy complement each other, enriching the religious experience of Christians and encouraging a deeper appreciation of both

Hologram technology in its development can provide information and views which contain three-dimensional objects (3D). Hologram technology is often found in literary works. This study aims to determine the description of the use of hologram technology in the Minor Komet novel by Tere Liye. The method used in this study is to use the hermeneutics approach, which is to provide descriptive to the text. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion found several hologram technology contained in the novel, including 1. advertising media, 2. gadgets found in the description directly or in dialogue between characters.

Hologram technology in its development can provide information and views which contain three-dimensional objects (3D). Hologram technology is often found in literary works. This study aims to determine the description of the use of hologram technology in the Minor Komet novel by Tere Liye. The method used in this study is to use the hermeneutics approach, which is to provide descriptive to the text. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion found several hologram technology contained in the novel, including 1. advertising media, 2. gadgets found in the description directly or in dialogue between characters.

The creation of literary works in various genres such as short stories, poetry and even novels cannot be separated from themes related to the development of technology, including internet technology. The novel genre literary work entitled Hi-Fi by Bayu Permana, published in 2019, contains several uses of internet technology in it which will be explained more complexly in this research. In this novel, internet technology as a whole is used as a means to explore information and knowledge in the learning process, as well as as a means of entertainment for playing games, watching streaming broadcasts, downloading videos, accessing social media, and so on. The method used in this research uses a hermeneutic approach, namely by analyzing in more depth several text fragments in the novel related to internet technology. Internet technology findings in the Hi-Fi novel include internet network technology, Wi-Fi, quota or data package, Mi-Fi, and hotspot.

Artificial intelligence technology in the industrial era 4.0 provides innovative breakthroughs and can be applied in various sectors of life. Artificial intelligence is also often found in literary works. The purpose of this study is to determine the use of artificial intelligence technology in the novel Hujan by Tere Liye. The method used in this research is to use a hermeneutic approach, which provides an interpretation of the text. Based on the results of analysis and discussion, there are several artificial intelligence technologies contained in the novel, including 1) Robots, 2) Cars, 3) Smart Hotels, 4) Metal Earrings found both in direct descriptions and dialog between characters.

Poverty can be a big problem for the country. By not having property, human life becomes completely limited. The lack of shelter, food and clothing facilities means they cannot meet their living needs as they should. Poverty is the main problem in the novel Keep The Aspidistra Flying where the main character suffers from poverty since birth. In the story, even though Gordon Comstock, the main character in this novel, was born into a poor family, he really hates money and state capitalism. He prefers to live independently with simplicity and persistence. This novel research uses the Hermeneutics method. Hermeneutics is a method that regulates methods of interpretation, namely the interpretation of texts and other signs that can be considered texts. This problem of poverty must be resolved immediately, otherwise many bad impacts will arise, one of which is long-term poverty.  

The semantic study of religious texts is becoming increasingly important in understanding the meaning of spiritual teachings in a deep, contextual, and relevant way to current developments. This article aims to analyze the semantic aspects of Buddhist texts, emphasizing the meaning, symbolism, and interpretation of key terms. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a hermeneutic method to examine key concepts such as dukkha, nirvana, and samsara found in classical Buddhist texts, including the Dhammapada, the Lotus Sutra, and the Abhidhamma. The analysis shows that the meaning of terms in Buddhist texts is not static or merely literal, but rather contains symbolic, philosophical, and spiritual dimensions that develop according to cultural, social, and historical contexts. These findings confirm that a semantic approach can enrich the understanding of Buddhist teachings, broaden the horizons of religious interpretation, and bridge the relevance of Buddhist values ​​in modern human life.

This study examines the dynamics of meaning, symbolism, and interpretation in Buddhist religious texts through semantic and hermeneutic approaches using qualitative methods. The research explores how the structure of meaning in texts such as the Dhammapada and Sutta Pitaka shapes understanding of Buddhist values, and how teachings in symbols such as the Middle Way, Three Jewels, and Nirvana undergo transformations of meaning according to cultural contexts. The findings show that the understanding of Buddhist text meanings is not fixed, but dynamic, formed through interactions between text, context, and readers. This research employs semantic analysis to identify denotative and connotative meanings, combined with hermeneutic interpretation following Gadamerian and Ricoeurian frameworks. The results reveal that Buddhist symbols carry multilayered meanings that require contextual interpretation, contributing to contemporary understanding and application of Buddhist teachings in diverse cultural settings

This study examines the semantic aspects of the Citta Vagga (Mind Chapter) verses of the Dhammapada scriptures, focusing on the analysis of the meaning of keywords, symbolism, and philosophical interpretations in the text. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach based on semantic analysis combined with hermeneutic methods to uncover the deep contextual meanings in Buddhist teachings. This study focuses on central concepts such as citta (mind), dukkha (suffering), and nibbana (liberation), as well as how the use of metaphor, personification, and repetition in the text helps convey the spiritual message and wisdom of the Buddha. The results of the study show that the layers of meaning in the Citta Vagga are very complex and rich in symbolic elements that refer to mind control as the core of Buddhist teachings. Furthermore, this research reveals the intricate relationship between linguistic structures and spiritual doctrines, demonstrating how ancient Pali texts employ sophisticated rhetorical devices to transmit timeless wisdom across generations.

This research explores the meaning of messages in digital communication on social media through a hermeneutic approach. The findings show that message interpretation is strongly influenced by users' personal and social contexts, including cultural backgrounds, life experiences, and individual values. Algorithms that personalize content create 'filter bubbles' that narrow views and reinforce biases, while homogeneous online communities reinforce the meaning of certain messages in 'echo chambers'. Intercultural digital communication often suffers from misunderstandings due to differences in cultural norms and context, but users who frequently interact with other cultures show better adaptation. Emotion and empathy in digital communication often lack depth, with anonymity increasing negative behaviors such as cyberbullying. Social media enables the construction of digital identities and personal narratives that influence the meaning of messages. The implications of this research highlight the importance of digital literacy education, the development of fair algorithms, programs that support intercultural communication, and policies to address cyberbullying. This hermeneutic approach provides important insights for creating a more inclusive, empathetic and effective social media environment.