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This study examines the reproduction of social inequality in education through the theoretical framework of Pierre Bourdieu within a critical sociology perspective. The background of this research is rooted in the persistent gap in educational access, participation, and achievement among students from different social classes, which indicates that education does not always function as a tool for social mobility. The objective of this study is to analyze how mechanisms such as habitus, cultural capital, social capital, and the educational field contribute to sustaining inequality. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis within an educational setting characterized by diverse socio-economic backgrounds. The findings reveal that students from higher socio-economic backgrounds tend to possess dominant cultural capital and habitus that align with institutional expectations, giving them a significant advantage in academic achievement. Conversely, students from lower socio-economic backgrounds face structural and symbolic barriers that limit their opportunities. The study also finds that educational practices, including teaching methods and evaluation systems, implicitly favor certain groups, thereby reinforcing inequality. The implications of this research highlight the need for more inclusive educational policies and practices that recognize diverse forms of capital and promote equal opportunities for all students. Ultimately, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how education functions as a site of social reproduction rather than merely a neutral institution.  

Breast tumors are classified into two types, namely benign and malignant tumors, the latter commonly referred to as breast cancer. Breast cancer is one of the major health problems affecting women worldwide, including in Indonesia. According to WHO data in 2022, there were 2.3 million breast cancer cases with 685,000 deaths globally, while in Indonesia, 396,914 cases and 234,511 deaths were reported. The high incidence rate is exacerbated by low public awareness in recognizing early symptoms and performing early detection, resulting in 60–70% of cases being diagnosed at an advanced stage, supported by findings that 65.6% of female students still have a low level of knowledge. Female students were selected as research subjects because they are in a vulnerable reproductive age group and have an important role in increasing awareness of early detection, yet they still have limited knowledge. Based on this, this study aims to design a web-based early detection system for breast tumor risk using the Forward Chaining method, which functions as a tool to identify early symptoms, assess risk levels, and provide information on prevention and initial management. This study employed the method with the Expert System Development Life Cycle (ESDLC) model, consisting of the stages of assessment, knowledge acquisition, design, testing, and documentation, along with the Forward Chaining inference method.

The search and booking of boarding houses (kost) remain a significant challenge for newcomers in campus areas, particularly in Kelurahan Samata, home to UIN Alauddin Makassar, which admits approximately 15,000 new students annually. Many of these students come from outside the region and require temporary accommodation near the campus. This issue is primarily caused by limited access to information and the lack of an optimal system to support the search and booking process. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the level of user acceptance of the developed system. This study aims to analyze user acceptance of a boarding house search and booking information system in the case of Kelurahan Samata using the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) method. UAT is a testing approach used to determine whether a system meets user requirements, is accepted according to expected standards, and to identify the need for further improvements to ensure its feasibility for use. The UAT was conducted by end users, namely boarding house seekers and property owners/managers, by responding to 10 evaluation indicators: (1) ease of search, (2) time efficiency, (3) booking process, (4) geospatial search features, (5) completeness of information, (6) availability of suitable boarding houses, (7) accuracy of information, (8) ease of payment process, (9) check-in scheduling, and (10) navigation features for directions. The results of the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) indicate that the system achieved an average score of 87.77, suggesting that the system is highly acceptable and significantly facilitates users. These findings demonstrate that the system is well received by users, confirming that it functions effectively and is capable of accommodating all required functionalities.

Public facilities play an important role in supporting community activities, especially in sports and social interaction. However, inadequate maintenance can reduce their functionality and user comfort. This study aims to improve the function of public facilities through the revitalization of a badminton court area at the Technical Implementation Unit for Road and Bridge Management in Surabaya, making it more feasible, safe, and comfortable for use. The study employs a quantitative descriptive approach combined with Participatory Action Research (PAR), with data collected through direct observation of facility conditions before and after revitalization. The results show a significant improvement in the quality of infrastructure, both in physical condition and environmental comfort. The revitalized court supports better sports activities and increases user participation. These findings indicate that revitalization not only enhances facility quality but also promotes greater utilization, improved social interaction, and a more productive environment, demonstrating its effectiveness in optimizing public facility functions.

The advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed organizational decision-making, particularly in modern leadership contexts that demand rapid and data-driven responses. Artificial Intelligence(AI) has emerged as a strategic technology capable of enhancing accuracy, speed, and effectiveness in decision-making through comprehensive data analysis. This study aims to analyze the role of AI in supporting leadership decision-making and its implications for organizational effectiveness using a narrative literature review approach. Secondary data comprising peer-reviewed national and international journal articles were analyzed to identify patterns, themes, and interactions between AI, leadership, and decision-making processes. The findings indicate that AI functions not only as a data analysis tool but also as a strategic element that strengthens leaders’ capabilities in evidence-based decision-making, improves team coordination, and optimizes organizational processes. Thematic synthesis identified three main domains analytics and predictive capabilities, leadership strategies, and implementation challenges that form the basis for integrating AI into managerial practice. This study contributes theoretically by expanding the digital leadership and technology-based decision-making framework and practically by providing guidance for organizations to optimize AI utilization to enhance decision quality and efficiency. The research also offers directions for future empirical studies to explore AI-leadership interactions across various organizational sectors, supporting more adaptive, effective, and data-driven decision-making in the digital era.

Access to justice is a constitutional right that is often difficult for vulnerable groups to access, thus triggering legal disparities and systemic injustice. This study aims to analyze the urgency of legal assistance by advocates and Legal Aid Institutions (LBH) as a protection instrument for individuals facing legal arbitrariness. Using normative legal research methods supported by a statute approach, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the implementation of the Legal Aid Law in Indonesia. The results show that legal assistance functions not only as technical representation in court, but also as a balancing power relationship between the state or powerful entities and citizens. Legal assistance plays a vital role in mitigating violations of legal procedures (due process of law) often experienced by victims of injustice. However, structural obstacles such as limited state budgets and low public legal literacy remain major obstacles. This study concludes that strengthening the free legal aid scheme (pro bono publico) integrated with strict judicial oversight is essential to ensure that justice belongs not only to those with financial resources, but also to all citizens without exception.

This article examines umpasa as the determinant of the validity of the Mangalahat Horbo ritual and as a vehicle for transmitting the cultural values of the Batak Toba people from an anthropolinguistic perspective. Mangalahat Horbo is a buffalo sacrifice ritual that functions simultaneously as a cosmological, political, and linguistic event. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using three theoretical frameworks: Dell Hymes' (1974) SPEAKING model to analyze the ritual as a speech event, Roland Barthes' (1968) semiotics to dissect the denotative and connotative meanings of umpasa, and Kluckhohn's (1953) theory of cultural values and Sibarani's (2014) local wisdom theory to identify embedded cultural values. The findings reveal that umpasa operates on three simultaneous layers of meaning: pragmatic-performative, social-hierarchical, and cosmological-ecological. Umpasa is not merely an aesthetic ornament but a constitutive element of the ritual that shapes the social and cosmological reality of the Bius community. Eight cultural values are identified: communicative courtesy, adat knowledge transmission, self-restraint, collective responsibility, cultural preservation, cosmological reciprocity, distributive justice, and ecological harmony. This study affirms the urgency of anthropolinguistic documentation of Mangalahat Horbo before the Parhata masters of umpasa diminish further.

This research is motivated by the reality of ethnic and cultural diversity in congregation life which reflects the dynamics of a multicultural society, where differences in cultural identity have the potential to cause social friction if not managed wisely. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with normative studies, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation of informants consisting of pastors, congregation councils, and presbyters. The theory used is Ralph Linton's role theory which explains how individuals carry out social functions according to their status in society. The results of the study indicate that the life of the GMIT Sion Oepura congregation is characterized by multicultural dynamics as seen from the diversity of ethnicities such as Timor, Rote, Sabu, Flores, and Alor which not only enriches church life through cultural expressions in worship and church activities, but also gives rise to symbolic friction between ethnic groups, such as the tendency for the dominance of certain cultural symbols and the emergence of group ego attitudes in several worship activities, for example in the celebration of Language and Culture Month. In this situation, religious leaders play a role as leaders who embrace diversity, mediators in managing potential conflicts, and social and moral role models for the congregation through sermons, pastoral guidance, and various service activities that involve the entire congregation without differentiating cultural backgrounds. Despite the existence of cultural differences and the tendency for certain symbolic dominance, religious leaders are able to manage this diversity normatively so that it does not develop into open conflict. This study concludes that the role of religious leaders is very important in strengthening social solidarity and maintaining harmony in multicultural congregations.

This study examines the effectiveness of local government policies in infrastructure development and urban park management as multifunctional public spaces at Bundaran Besar Palangkaraya. Rapid urban development and increasing community needs for public spaces have encouraged the government to revitalize this area as a city landmark and social interaction space. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through literature review, observation, and documentation. The results show that the development and revitalization of Bundaran Besar have improved aesthetic quality, public facilities, environmental conditions, and social functions. However, several challenges remain, including limited accessibility for certain groups, suboptimal management and maintenance systems, and traffic and parking issues during peak hours. The analysis indicates that although government policies have contributed positively to the development of public spaces, their effectiveness is still not fully optimal. Therefore, stronger governance, community participation, and sustainable management strategies are needed to enhance the role of Bundaran Besar as an inclusive, functional, and sustainable public space.

This article examines the role of Christian theology in dealing with pluralism and secularism in the era of globalization. The era of globalization is marked by an increasing plurality of religions, cultures, and various perspectives on life that in many ways are moving away from a theocentric perspective. In that context, Christian theology is faced with the responsibility to be present as a reflective and transformative force that carries messages of peace, truth, and certainty of faith. This research aims to explore the role of Christian theology in an increasingly pluralistic society and influenced by the currents of secularism that have the potential to erode the values of faith. The method used is a literature study by analyzing various literature related to the concept of Christian theology, the impact of secularism on the life of faith, and various relevant theological responses in dealing with these challenges. The results of the study show that inclusive theological education, a conciliatory approach in interreligious relations, a holistic transformation of church life, and the active participation of the church in social service are concrete forms of the contribution of Christianity in a pluralistic society. Through this approach, Christian theology functions not only as a doctrinal framework, but also as a praxis that presents the values of the Kingdom of God in social life.  

This community service activity aims to enhance public understanding of the role of infrastructure in supporting quality of life, particularly through the utilization of the Sub PPKBD Tambakkemerakan Community Hall in Krian as a social and educational space. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which emphasizes active community involvement in every stage of the activity, from problem identification to program implementation. The activities were carried out through a series of events that combined elements of togetherness, religiosity, and education, such as communal iftar (breaking the fast), congregational prayers, and an offline webinar featuring student speakers.The results indicate an improvement in community understanding of the importance of utilizing social infrastructure not only as a gathering place but also as a medium for learning and empowerment. In addition, the activity strengthened social interaction, increased community solidarity, and encouraged active participation in utilizing available facilities more productively. Despite several challenges, such as time constraints and differences in participants’ levels of understanding, the activity overall had a positive impact in promoting the optimization of social infrastructure functions. Therefore, the continuation of similar programs is necessary to support sustainable improvements in community quality of life.

This community service activity aims to enhance public understanding of the role of infrastructure in supporting quality of life, particularly through the utilization of the Sub PPKBD Tambakkemerakan Community Hall in Krian as a social and educational space. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which emphasizes active community involvement in every stage of the activity, from problem identification to program implementation. The activities were carried out through a series of events that combined elements of togetherness, religiosity, and education, such as communal iftar (breaking the fast), congregational prayers, and an offline webinar featuring student speakers.The results indicate an improvement in community understanding of the importance of utilizing social infrastructure not only as a gathering place but also as a medium for learning and empowerment. In addition, the activity strengthened social interaction, increased community solidarity, and encouraged active participation in utilizing available facilities more productively. Despite several challenges, such as time constraints and differences in participants’ levels of understanding, the activity overall had a positive impact in promoting the optimization of social infrastructure functions. Therefore, the continuation of similar programs is necessary to support sustainable improvements in community quality of life.

This study examines the effectiveness of urban city parks as a form of Urban Green Open Space (UGOS) in Jayapura City, focusing on Imbi Park (2,347.20 m²) and Mesran Park (2,122.88 m²). A mixed-methods approach combined direct observation of six park characteristics with a questionnaire-based rating-scale assessment of nineteen functional variables covering socio-cultural, aesthetic, and economic functions. Data were collected from 100 visitors and 31 street vendors, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and scoring analysis in accordance with Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 05/PRT/M/2008. Both parks share three dominant functions socio-cultural, aesthetic, and economic while the ecological function is present but not dominant. For Imbi Park, the socio-cultural function was moderately effective (1.8–2.0), aesthetic moderately effective to effective (2.4–2.6), and economic moderately effective (1.8–1.9). For Mesran Park, socio-cultural and aesthetic functions were moderately effective (1.8–2.2), while the economic function was ineffective (1.6). The main weaknesses across both parks are the unavailability of security posts and limited diversity of park-produce-based economic activities. The study recommends developing supporting facilities and a park-profile web portal to improve effectiveness and information accessibility.

The increasing complexity of urban road networks demands intelligent navigation systems capable of determining optimal routes efficiently. This research implements the Dijkstra Shortest Path algorithm to optimize route search on a location navigation system in Medan City. The system models a road network as a weighted graph comprising 57 strategic locations and over 90 road connections, represented using adjacency list data structures. The Dijkstra algorithm, implemented in Python using the heapq module for priority queue management, achieves an optimal time complexity of O((V+E) log V). The system features five main functions: shortest route search, popular routes, location listing, dynamic location addition, and dynamic road connection addition. System testing using a case study from Kualanamu Airport to the University of North Sumatra (USU) yielded an optimal route of 16.5 km through 4 road segments. Results demonstrate that the system successfully determines the most efficient route, provides accurate distance and travel time information for multiple transport modes (motorcycle, car, walking), and presents step-by-step journey guidance. This research contributes as a practical reference for applying shortest path algorithms in urban areas and serves as a foundation for developing more complex navigation applications in the future.

This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by madrasah principals to enhance teacher professionalism through the implementation of managerial functions, academic supervision, entrepreneurship, and socio-spiritual leadership at MAN 1 Bandung and MAN 2 Bandung. The study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive case study method. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis, while data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings indicate that strategies for enhancing teacher professionalism begin with needs-based planning, followed by strengthening clinical academic supervision, fostering a collaborative and innovative work culture, and implementing continuous evaluation. The implementation of these strategies has a positive impact on improving teachers’ pedagogical and professional competencies, work discipline, and the quality of learning. The novelty of this research lies in the discovery of the “Resilient Professionalism” model a model of teacher professionalism that emphasizes resilience and adaptability to changes in curriculum, technology, and educational dynamics. This model is built through the synergy of the spiritual-managerial leadership of the madrasah principal and the collective efficacy of teachers to achieve sustainable quality in Islamic education.

The development of information technology in the era of globalization has significantly transformed communication patterns in modern society, particularly through the emergence of social media. Social media functions not only as a communication tool but also influences ways of thinking, social interaction, and relationship building. This study aims to examine the impact of social media on changes in communication patterns, identify challenges related to the digital divide, and propose solutions to address the negative effects of social media. The method used is a descriptive approach through literature review and analysis of social phenomena related to social media usage. The discussion indicates that social media accelerates information dissemination, expands communication spaces, and increases public participation. However, it also presents challenges such as the spread of misinformation, reduced quality of face-to-face interactions, digital addiction, and disparities in access to technology and digital literacy. Therefore, strengthening digital literacy, promoting ethical communication, enhancing the roles of families and governments, and encouraging self-regulation among users are essential to ensure that social media contributes positively to modern social life.

Desa Motu is an area that experiences limited internet access due to the unavailability of conventional ISP services and weak cellular signal coverage. This study aims to develop a community-based RT/RW Net network system to provide internet access by utilizing Starlink as the main ISP and distributing connectivity through networking devices such as MikroTik routers, access points, switches, and fiber optic media. Network testing was conducted by measuring download and upload speeds using network testing ap-plications, evaluating connection stability through latency (ping) measurements, and assessing signal coverage at several user locations. The results show that the implemented RT/RW Net network is able to provide a stable internet connection with consistent speeds at different testing times, as well as optimal signal distribution across multiple measurement points. The authentication system using vouchers, PPPoE, hotspot login, and MAC Binding functions properly, and the free educational access feature also operates effectively. These findings indicate that the RT/RW Net–based community network model can serve as an affordable and sustainable solution for expanding internet access in rural areas.

A mid the growing complexity of contemporary education, the challenge of integrating intellectual achievement with moral and spiritual development has become increasingly urgent. This study examines educational strategies in the Qur’an through the perspective of tafsir tarbawi, focusing on four core approaches: exemplary conduct, advice, dialogue, and storytelling. The research aims to explore how the Qur’an presents pedagogical methods that not only convey knowledge but also shape character and internalize values in learners. Employing a qualitative library research design with thematic and tafsir tarbawi approaches, this study analyzes relevant Qur’anic verses and supporting scholarly literature. The findings reveal that the Qur’an offers a holistic and dynamic model of education in which exemplary conduct functions as a behavioral model, advice serves as a means of value internalization, dialogue promotes reflective and critical thinking, and storytelling strengthens moral awareness through narrative experience. These strategies are interconnected and operate across cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. The study concludes that Qur’anic educational strategies remain highly relevant for contemporary Islamic education, particularly in strengthening character formation, reflective learning, and the integration of values in educational practice.

This study aims to analyze the role of assessment in decision-making within guidance and counseling services. Assessment plays a crucial role in providing accurate, objective, and comprehensive data regarding students’ characteristics, needs, and problems. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing 25 relevant scholarly sources related to assessment, measurement, and counseling services. The findings indicate that measurement serves as the fundamental basis of assessment, which involves systematic processes to obtain quantitative data. The quality of assessment results is highly influenced by the reliability and validity of the instruments used. Reliable instruments ensure consistency, while valid instruments ensure accuracy in measuring intended variables. Furthermore, assessment functions as a basis for diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of guidance and counseling services. The study also reveals that the application of assessment in schools is not yet optimal due to several factors, including limited counselor competence and lack of effective use of instruments. In addition, the integration of technology and the use of both test and non-test instruments have been shown to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of assessment. In conclusion, systematic and well-implemented assessment significantly enhances the quality of decision-making in guidance and counseling services. Therefore, improving counselors’ competencies and optimizing the use of assessment instruments are essential to support more effective counseling practices

This study aims to analyze intersubjectivity, love, and hope in the anime The Fragrant Flower Blooms With Dignity through the perspective of the existentialist philosophy of Gabriel Marcel. The research employs a qualitative method using a literature review and content analysis approach. Data were collected from relevant philosophical texts on Marcel’s thought and from the analysis of scenes, dialogues, and character development in the anime. The findings reveal that the relationship between Kouruko Waguri and Rintaro Tsumugi reflects the concept of intersubjectivity as an authentic encounter between “I” and “Thou,” where both individuals recognize each other as subjects. The concepts of being and presence are manifested through genuine presence and relational openness, while having functions as a supporting element that does not lead to possessiveness. Furthermore, fidelity, love, and hope emerge as central dimensions in the fulfillment of the characters’ existence, as these aspects enable their relationship to develop in a meaningful and profound way. This study demonstrates that popular cultural works such as anime can serve as relevant media for philosophical reflection in understanding human existence as inherently relational.