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Strategies to increase the income of self -help palm oil farmers can help farmers to increase production yields. This study aims to formulate and obtain strategies in an effort to increase the income of oil palm farmers. This research was conducted in Kalis District, Kapuas Hulu Regency. This study was carried out from April 5 to May 524. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with case study methods and identified internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) used for the strategy to increase the income of oil palm farmers in the sub -district dull. The variables used in this study were obtained from indicators of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Based on the results of the research results of the collection, processing and analysis of the main internal factors, it is found that the main strength factor of farmers is the status of land ownership and land area owned by farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main weakness of self -help farmers is inadequate access to infrastructure with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.51. For data analysis of the main external factors, it is found that the main opportunity factor of farmers is oil palm can be a term investment for farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main threat of self -help farmers is a long queue at the Palm Oil Mill (PKS) with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.62. The results of processing internal and external data of farmers using the IE matrix show that the position of farmers is in quadrant I, the suitable strategy is an aggressive strategy that can support the growth of oil palm farming.

The global reliance on wheat flour has prompted the food industry to seek sustainable local substitutes. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) emerges as a potential candidate due to its substantial starch content and beneficial bioactive compounds. This study explores innovations in sweet potato flour processing, emphasizing physical, chemical, and enzymatic modifications to enhance its functional properties. The research methods include hydrothermal treatments and fermentation (Modified Sweet Potato Flour/MOSPEF) and their impact on dough rheology and glycemic response. The findings indicate that modified sweet potato flour can effectively replace wheat flour by 30-50% in bakery items and up to 100% in gluten-free formulations without significantly altering sensory traits. This innovation represents a strategic step toward national food sovereignty and improved nutritional quality in the modern food industry, healthier and more nutritious. The use of modified sweet potato flour is expected to strengthen food security and provide economic benefits for local farmers and the domestic food industry.

This study aims to analyze the feasibility and sensitivity of shallot farming as seed production using a low cost greenhouse system in Hasara Dodo Farmer Group, Nias Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach with a case study method. The data used include production costs, yield, selling price, and greenhouse investment components, which were analyzed using cost, revenue, income, and R/C ratio calculations, as well as sensitivity analysis. The results show that the total production cost is Rp205,200,000 per hectare per planting season, with total revenue of Rp510,000,000 and income of Rp304,800,000. The R/C ratio value of 2.48 indicates that the farming is financially feasible. Sensitivity analysis results show that the farming remains feasible even under a 10% decrease in selling price, increase in production cost, and decrease in production, with the R/C ratio still greater than one. The use of a low cost greenhouse system is proven to improve production stability, especially in areas with high rainfall. In addition, shallot production as seed provides higher economic value compared to consumption purposes. Therefore, greenhouse-based shallot farming has strong potential to be developed as a strategy to increase farmers' income.

This study aims to analyze production cost efficiency through the use of self-formulated feed based on rice bran in laying hen farming in Kutamandiri Village. Feed costs represent the largest component of production expenses in laying hen enterprises, reaching up to 60–70% of total operational costs. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using primary data collected through observation, interviews, and cost-revenue recording during one production period. Data were analyzed using cost structure analysis and Revenue-Cost (R/C) ratio to determine business feasibility. The results indicate that the use of rice bran-based self-formulated feed reduced feed costs and lowered total production expenses. The calculated R/C ratio was 1.43, indicating that the enterprise is financially feasible and profitable. Additionally, the findings suggest that utilizing locally available feed resources such as rice bran can improve cost efficiency, reduce reliance on external feed supplies, and enhance the sustainability of small-scale laying hen enterprises. This research provides valuable insights for farmers in Kutamandiri Village and other similar agricultural communities looking to optimize production costs and improve their profitability by adopting cost-effective, locally sourced feed options.

The utilization of biopore infiltration holes has become one of the simple and effective innovations in environmental management and soil resource conservation, with great potential to support a healthy environment. This community service activity aims to enhance farmers' understanding of the use of biopore infiltration holes as an effort for soil and water conservation as well as sustainable organic waste management. The outreach was conducted on September 7, 2024, at the Kesambi Village Hall, Pucuk District, Lamongan Regency, targeting 12 members of the farmer group. The implementation method of the activity included preparation stages, conducting a pretest, delivering material along with interactive discussions, and concluding with a posttest as an evaluation of the participants' understanding improvement. The results of the activity indicate an increase in the average knowledge score of participants from 81.25 in the pretest to 97.92 in the posttest. This demonstrates that the socialization method applied was effective in enhancing farmers' understanding of the functions, production techniques, and benefits of biopores. This activity is expected to encourage the independent implementation of biopores by farmer groups, both at the household and agricultural levels, as part of environmentally friendly and sustainable land management practices.

This study examines the development of a Crude Palm Oil (CPO) price forecasting model using an artificial neural network algorithm, specifically the backpropagation algorithm. As one of Indonesia’s main export commodities, CPO has a significant economic impact and influences the income of oil palm farmers. The CPO price data used in this study were obtained from CIF Rotterdam, covering the period from January 2019 to December 2023. The research methodology consists of several stages, including data collection, preprocessing, model design, and model implementation using Python programming. The training results of the backpropagation algorithm show an error value of 0.537829578 after 1,000 epochs, while the evaluation using Mean Squared Error (MSE) indicates an MSE of 0.022709 during the training process and 0.017604 during the testing process. The model also produces CPO price predictions for the next three months, namely 932.578 for the first month, 949.568 for the second month, and 774.855 for the third month. These findings indicate that the developed model is capable of predicting future CPO prices with adequate accuracy, which can assist companies in making better financial decisions and managing risks associated with CPO price fluctuations.

Appropriate Technology Training (TTG) in Tambah Dadi Village, Purbolinggo Subdistrict aims to improve the community's understanding and ability to manage livestock waste more efficiently.  Often, livestock waste produced in this village is not utilized properly.  Training participants will be introduced to various waste management methods that can be used as sources of organic fertilizer and organic compost. The training includes awareness-raising, demonstrations, and hands-on practice in processing waste into useful products such as organic fertilizer. The results of the training show that participants are able to make organic fertilizer from livestock waste.  It is hoped that this activity will serve as an example for other villages to manage livestock waste in a more sustainable manner, which will improve agricultural and livestock yields in the area and increase the welfare of farmers in Tambah Dadi Village. The results of this activity show that the application of appropriate technology not only focuses on waste management, but also aims to improve the economic conditions of the community.

Peat characteristics include low fertility, high acidity, and poor drainage because it comes from the weathering of organic matter under anaerobic conditions. However, peat has environmental benefits such as absorbing carbon, water buffers, and providing habitat for various unique flora and fauna. The use of peat as agricultural land is widely used by farmers in Pontianak City because it has a very large peatland area with a traditional agricultural system. However, traditional farming will have local knowledge (local wisdom) as a way to minimize damage to the peat ecosystem as an adaptation effort. This study aims to examine the adaptation of peatland management in traditional farming in Pontianak City. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis. The number of research samples was 68 farmers. The results of the study showed that traditional farmers have paid attention to the sustainability of their farming to minimize environmental damage. The results of the study showed that the adaptations carried out were making wells to maintain water availability, using short-lived vegetables that require shallow drainage of 20-30 cm and are adaptive to peat, providing intensive shade, planting trees on empty land, cleaning intensive irrigation, providing ameliorant ash, lime, chicken manure intensively, and arranging planting patterns with diversification. The determining factors for peatland management adaptation include age, land area, length of farming, participation of fire-conscious communities, and intensity of participation in outreach.

This study aims to analyze the effect of price on purchasing decisions of broiler chicken production inputs (sapronak) among partner farmers of PT Sejahtera Abadi Unggas, Kediri Unit. A quantitative approach with a causal research design was employed. The research sample consisted of 104 active partner farmers, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and simple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS software. The results indicate that price has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The regression analysis produces the equation Y = 2.103 + 0.940X, with a significance value of 0.000, confirming that an increase in positive price perception significantly enhances purchasing decisions. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.699 shows that price explains 69.9% of the variation in purchasing decisions, while the remaining 30.1% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. These findings highlight that competitive, fair, and value-based pricing strategies play a crucial role in strengthening long-term partnerships and sustaining purchasing behavior among broiler farmers. The study provides empirical evidence that can support managerial decision-making in developing effective pricing strategies within the agribusiness sector.

This community service program focuses on the theme of creative economy with the aim of encouraging innovation in agricultural products to increase added value and income for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Sumber Urip Village, Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency. Although the village has abundant agricultural potential, local products have not been optimally developed due to limited knowledge in processing, packaging, and marketing. The program employed a participatory-educative approach that emphasized active community involvement at every stage, including potential identification, socialization of creative economy concepts, product innovation training, and practical assistance in packaging and marketing. The participants consisted of farmers, MSME actors, and the Bukit Kaba Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) as strategic partners in developing a tourism-based market. The results indicate that the implementation of creative economy principles improved community understanding of product innovation, hygienic and value-added packaging, and appropriate marketing strategies targeting Bukit Kaba visitors. The strategic selling location at the Bukit Kaba tourism post further enhanced product visibility and market reach. Overall, this program demonstrates that creative economy-based community assistance can effectively strengthen MSME competitiveness, increase household income, and promote sustainable integration between agriculture, local entrepreneurship, and rural tourism development.

This study discusses the legal problems faced by tobacco farmers in Sukorejo Village, Kotaanyar District, Probolinggo Regency due to the closure of large tobacco warehouses that force them to depend on middlemen. This condition causes legal uncertainty, an imbalance in the bargaining position, and alleged violations of the principle of healthy business competition, thus having a direct impact on the economic sustainability of farmers. The focus of this research is to describe the practice of business competition and its impact on tobacco farmers and explain the form of legal protection from the perspective of business competition law and sharia economic law. The research method used is empirical law with a sociology approach to law and legislation, through observations, interviews, and documentation from farmers, middlemen, and factories. The results of the study show that there is dominance of middlemen in cooperation with large factories so that farmers lose freedom in determining prices. This condition does not reflect the principles of fairness and transparency in business competition. Legal protection is still weak because there is no regulation of the basic price or a definite buying and selling mechanism. In the perspective of sharia economic law, the practice violates the principles of al-adl (justice) and al-amanah (honesty). In conclusion, preventive legal protection is needed in the form of price regulation and the establishment of marketing cooperatives, as well as repressive protection through law enforcement against unfair business competition practices.

This community service program aims to strengthen the managerial capacity of red lemongrass farmers in AMKE Oro-Oro Ombo, Batu, East Java, through training on cash bookkeeping, income analysis, and farming feasibility evaluation. The main problems faced by farmers are limited knowledge of financial management, lack of systematic bookkeeping, and inability to evaluate the profitability of their businesses, which often results in inaccurate decision-making and low competitiveness. The method applied included participatory training, mentoring, and simulation of financial records and feasibility analysis. The results of the program demonstrate that participants gained a better understanding of the importance of structured financial recording. Farmers who previously relied only on sales revenue calculations without considering fixed and variable costs are now able to prepare cash books, identify expenses, and evaluate profit margins accurately. Cash bookkeeping has proven to improve financial transparency and accountability, while income analysis has equipped farmers with the skills to assess their business sustainability. The feasibility evaluation, using indicators such as R/C and B/C ratios, showed that red lemongrass farming is profitable but still requires efficiency improvements to increase long-term sustainability. Overall, this training has enhanced farmers’ managerial skills, encouraged independent decision-making, and strengthened their capacity to face price fluctuations and market competition. The program is expected to support the continuity and competitiveness of red lemongrass agribusiness in AMKE Oro-Oro Ombo

Detection and identification of plant diseases is critical to the success and efficiency of agricultural production. Plant disease outbreaks are becoming more frequent throughout the world, and the presence of these diseases in cultivated plants has a significant impact on productivity. Therefore, researchers are focusing on developing effective and reliable plant disease detection methods. Thus, farmers can take advantage of early detection of this disease to minimize future losses. This article discusses machine learning approaches as well as decision trees, K-nearest neighbors, naive Bayes, support vector machines (SVM), and random forests for detecting coffee leaf diseases using leaf images. The above-mentioned classifications were researched and compared to determine the most suitable plant disease prediction model with the highest accuracy. Compared with other classification algorithms, the SVM algorithm achieves the highest accuracy of 99.75%. All the models trained above will be used by farmers to quickly identify and classify new diseases in images as a prevention strategy. As a preventive measure, farmers can detect and classify new diseases in images early.

This literature study examines hydroponic solutions (urban agriculture), particularly through hydroponic methods, as a response to the issue of significant urban agricultural land shrinkage and land conversion. Data shows a drastic reduction in rice fields in Sukawati District, Bali, from 497.24 Ha in 1985 to only 211.42 Ha in 2016, accompanied by a change in the profession of residents from farmers to entrepreneurs. This land conversion not only reduces agricultural areas but also has the potential to eliminate farmers' livelihoods. The method used is a literature review (narrative review) to collect and analyze studies related to the use of hydroponics in maximizing limited land in urban areas. The results of the discussion focus on hydroponic training provided to housewives from the Family Welfare Movement (PKK) and the City Youth Organization (Karang Taruna). This training aims to empower and utilize the free time of housewives, covering materials from the basic concepts of hydroponics, seed preparation, planting, maintenance, to harvesting. Hydroponic practices have been responded to positively by residents, and the PKK/Karang Taruna group is prepared to become mentors for other members. The benefits of hydroponics were emphasized as a highly efficient cultivation method, capable of saving up to 70-90% of water, enabling year-round food production, and providing faster and higher plant growth and yields. The outcome of this activity was the establishment of a communal hydroponic garden and each member's plan to grow hydroponically independently, demonstrating the success of hydroponics as a real solution to improving food security and sustainability in dense urban environments.

The relatively high volatility of Robusta coffee prices creates uncertainty for farmers, business actors, and policymakers in making economic decisions. This study aims to analyze the price movement patterns of Robusta coffee, determine the most appropriate Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, and conduct short- to medium-term price forecasting for Robusta coffee. The data used consist of monthly Robusta coffee price data from January 2023 to September 2025, sourced from the World Bank Commodity Price Data. The analytical method employed is ARIMA using EViews software, beginning with stationarity testing using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, model identification through ACF and PACF, parameter estimation, and residual diagnostic testing. The results show that Robusta coffee price data are non-stationary at the level but become stationary at the first difference, indicating integration of order one I(1). Based on model identification and diagnostic testing, the ARIMA (0,1,0) model is found to be the most appropriate and satisfies the white noise assumption. Forecasting results indicate that Robusta coffee prices are projected to remain relatively stable with a moderate upward trend through December 2026. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for decision-making by farmers, business actors, and the government in responding to Robusta coffee price dynamics.

This study aims to analyze the profitability and feasibility of sheep farming using intensive and semi-intensive rearing sistems in Suka Raya Village, Pancur Batu Sub-district. The research employed a survey method with purposive sampling, involving 16 farmers (8 intensive and 8 semi-intensive), each rearing more than 15 sheep and operating for at least 3 years. Data were collected through questionnaire interviews and field observations, then analyzed descriptively to calculate production costs, revenue, income, R/C ratio, and Break Even Point (BEP). Results showed that the average total production cost for the intensive sistem was Rp 52,429,313, higher than the semi-intensive sistem at Rp 39,664,375. The average revenue for the intensive sistem was Rp 69,150,000, while the semi-intensive sistem was Rp 63,712,500. The average income for intensive farmers was Rp 16,720,688, compared to Rp 24,048,125 for semi-intensive farmers. The average R/C ratio for the intensive sistem was 1 (near break-even), while the semi-intensive sistem was 2 (more efficient and profitable). BEP analysis indicated higher sales for the intensive sistem (Rp 844,022/sheep/period) compared to the semi-intensive sistem (Rp 691,052/sheep/period), with a larger production BEP for the intensive sistem (44 sheep) than the semi-intensive sistem (33 sheep). The semi-intensive sistem is recommended for farmers with limited capital and small to medium-scale operations due to lower costs and higher profit margins, while the intensive sistem is more suitable for large-scale operations with adequate capital, feed management, and health care.

This study aims to describe the production process, business strategy, and product offerings of the COSIK chocolate factory located in Maumere, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The COSIK chocolate factory utilizes local raw materials, such as cocoa beans, obtained directly from local farmers, and implements a processing process without the use of chemical preservatives. This approach not only increases the added value of local products but also supports community economic empowerment through partnerships with cocoa farmers in the region. Furthermore, the use of simple yet modern technology enables a hygienic production process that meets quality standards. The results show that the COSIK chocolate factory contributes to improving the quality of local cocoa, developing innovative products based on natural ingredients, and strengthening the region's identity as a producer of quality chocolate. Thus, COSIK serves not only as a production unit but also as a sustainable business model that integrates environmental, social, and economic aspects in a food processing industry based on local resources.

Objective– This article aims to comprehensively examine the main types of food crop pests and their attack patterns through a systematic literature review approach. The research focuses on the dynamics of pest attacks, changes in ecological patterns due to climate change, and advances in modern identification technology that enable more accurate early detection. This study also highlights the significance of new paradigms of pest identification based on artificial intelligence (AI), genomics, and landscape mapping in supporting food security at the regional and national levels. Design/methodology/approach– This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method for scientific publications from 2015–2025 from reputable sources such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, AGRIS, and Google Scholar. Of the 326 articles identified in the initial stage, 30 articles in English and Indonesian were selected through a screening process based on strict inclusion–exclusion criteria. All articles were then analyzed using thematic coding techniques to produce an in-depth, evidence-based synthesis. Findings– The study produced four key findings: (1) there are five dominant pests in global food crops, namely Thrips tabaci, Spodoptera exigua/frugiperda, Helicoverpa armigera, Nilaparvata lugens and Sitophilus oryzae; (2) attack patterns are strongly influenced by temperature, humidity, pesticide resistance, and monoculture; (3) modern identification technology AI, drone imagery, multispectral sensors, and DNA Barcoding have increased detection accuracy to 94–98%; and (4) community-based early warning systems accelerate field response and reduce the risk of crop failure. Practical implications– These findings provide a scientific basis for local governments, agricultural extension workers, and farmers to gradually adopt pest identification technology and strengthen integrated monitoring systems at a regional scale. Authenticity/value– This article offers a new conceptual model of “Pest Identification Pyramid – Attack Pattern – Early Warning System” that integrates pest biology, digital technology, and community response to improve national food security.

Community service activities in traditional fish ponds on Tibi Island, Tarakan, aim to increase the productivity of fish and shrimp farming using a simple yet effective approach. The methods applied include manual pond maintenance, such as spreading molasses solution (EM-4) to improve water quality, removing pests such as snails and oysters, and routine net maintenance and water drainage. Feed management is carried out every three days to maintain the nutritional balance of fish and shrimp. Although without the use of sophisticated technology, the success of cultivation depends heavily on the experience and thoroughness of the farmers in managing the pond environment. Overall, this activity demonstrates that a simple and structured approach can support sustainable cultivation, increase productivity, and strengthen collaboration between the implementation team and the pond owners. It is hoped that this method can serve as a useful example for other traditional fish farmers in increasing aquaculture yields and supporting more efficient and environmentally friendly farming practices.

Farmer empowerment through the development of local agricultural commodities is an important strategy to increase farmers’ income and strengthen the independence of farmer groups. This community service activity aimed to enhance the capacity of the Padimas Farmer Group in Sana Tengah Village, Pasean Sub-district, Pamekasan Regency, through the development of local Madura melon as a regional flagship commodity. The program was implemented using a participatory–collaborative approach that actively involved farmers in all stages of the activity, including the identification of local needs and potentials, provision of demonstration plot land, cultivation assistance, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The melon demonstration plot served as a practical learning medium for farmers in applying cultivation techniques adapted to local agroclimatic conditions. The results showed that the development of the local melon demonstration plot significantly improved farmers’ knowledge and skills in melon cultivation, with a plant survival rate reaching 99%. In addition, this activity supported the establishment of a group-based flagship commodity with promising economic value and market opportunities. Overall, the farmer empowerment program contributed positively to strengthening farmers’ economic independence and has the potential to serve as a model for sustainable horticultural agribusiness development in the Pamekasan region.