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The advent of autonomous shipping is poised to revolutionize global maritime transport by enhancing efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This study investigates the current state and future prospects of autonomous vessels in the shipping industry. The primary objective is to analyze the technological advancements, regulatory challenges, and economic implications associated with the integration of autonomous ships. A mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research, was employed, including a review of relevant literature and case studies of existing autonomous shipping projects. The findings reveal that while autonomous ships offer significant benefits such as reduced operational costs, lower emissions, and fewer human errors, there are challenges related to legal frameworks, cybersecurity, and public acceptance. The implications of this research highlight the need for international cooperation and the development of new regulations to support the widespread adoption of autonomous shipping technologies. This transformation could lead to a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective global maritime transport system.

Licensing is an important factor for investors when making an investment. To speed up and simplify the licensing process, the government created the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. In South Tangerang, the Department of Investment and One Stop Integrated Services (DPMPTSP) plays an important role in the coffee shop business licensing process. To open a coffee shop, a location permit, environmental permit, NIB and business trading permit through OSS are required. Obstacles in the licensing process often cause delays and difficulties for business actors. The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the effectiveness of applying for coffee shop business permits through Online Single Submission at the South Tangerang One Stop Integrated Services Investment Service. The method used in the research is a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. This research uses the theory of Thomas R. Dye (2013). The research results show that the indicators for setting clear goals have not been achieved optimally even though the goals of time efficiency and transparency of business permits through the OSS system are quite effective. In the results measurement indicators, positive results have been achieved, which can be seen from the success of OSS in increasing the number of NIBs by 10% from the previous year. Performance evaluation indicators are not optimal due to limited email, network and server constraints, apart from that the appearance and provisions of the OSS system also make it difficult for users to access the OSS system again. In the cost-benefit analysis indicator, it is quite efficient in reducing permit processing time and without any costs incurred. Contextual factor indicators provide a positive impact where the JOSS Program is a form of the South Tangerang government's commitment to assisting the community in licensing through the OSS system. The feedback and adjustment indicators have not been optimal in providing guidance and information to business actors, so there are still business actors who have not registered their business permits through this OSS system.

Plastic waste and the limited amount of agricultural land are big problems for the community, especially in rural areas such as Kayuares Hamlet and Ringinanom Village. The aim of this research is to develop a verticulture technique that uses used bottles to optimize the home yard. Tidar University KKN students provided instruction, training and implementation of a verticulture system using used bottles and PVC pipes. The results of the event show that people are more aware of the importance of using yards and managing plastic waste. In addition, a successfully implemented verticulture system increases land use efficiency and produces vegetable harvests that can help family food security by up to 70%. Limited water resources, high initial costs, and ongoing need for assistance are the main problems in implementing this method. The used bottle-based verticulture system allows communities to continue to develop sustainable agricultural methods that are environmentally friendly and economically profitable.

Rapid urbanization has led to an increased demand for food in urban areas. At the same time, land limitations and dependence on external supplies pose significant challenges to food security. Urban agriculture is an innovative solution for producing local food using limited land and modern agricultural techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, vertical farming, and rooftop gardens. This approach allows urban agriculture to be more resource-efficient, reduces distribution costs, and minimizes its environmental impact by lowering its carbon footprint. In addition to environmental benefits, urban agriculture also brings social and economic benefits by raising awareness of food sustainability, creating new business opportunities, and enhancing food independence in urban communities. This research uses a literature review method to examine various articles discussing the development, obstacles, and implementation of urban agriculture in different countries. The results show that urban agriculture makes an important contribution to improving food security while also providing a sustainable alternative for the global food system. Therefore, promoting the growth of urban agriculture from the perspective of sustainable food security requires support from government institutions, the private sector, and local communities.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a high-value horticultural commodity, but its productivity is often hampered by factors such as soil conditions, climate, pests and disease. The use of plastic mulch, especially the black-silver type, can increase chili yields by 25–40% through weed control, maintaining soil temperature, and reducing evaporation. Although initial costs are relatively high, significant yield increases can offset those costs. However, the resulting plastic waste is an environmental problem, so biodegradable mulch can be a more environmentally friendly alternative. This research uses a literature review method to collect and evaluate information from various relevant sources regarding the application of plastic mulch in increasing chili productivity. With proper management, plastic mulch can support increased chili yields and agricultural sustainability.

Agrotechnology plays a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity through the implementation of modern innovations and technologies. Challenges such as land degradation, climate change, and limited natural resources can be addressed through precision technology, smart irrigation, biotechnology, and agricultural mechanization. This study employs a literature review method by analyzing various studies from 2019 to 2024 that discuss the impact of agrotechnology on agricultural yields. The findings indicate that the application of precision irrigation systems can enhance water use efficiency by up to 40%, while the use of genetically engineered superior crop varieties can increase yields and improve plant resistance to pests and diseases. Additionally, the utilization of digital technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), enables more efficient and data-driven land management. However, major challenges in implementing these technologies include limited farmer access, high investment costs, and low digital literacy among farmers. Therefore, policy support, financial incentives, and farmer training are necessary to ensure the widespread and sustainable adoption of technology. Thus, agrotechnology can serve as a primary solution for increasing agricultural productivity while maintaining environmental sustainability.

This study evaluates the impact of an AI-driven nutritional monitoring system in hospital settings, focusing on its effectiveness in reducing food waste and improving the accuracy of dietary assessments. Traditional food waste management and nutritional tracking methods in hospitals often suffer from inefficiencies, inaccuracies, and time constraints. In contrast, the AI-based system utilizes advanced technologies, including 3D scanners, digital scales, and image recognition, to optimize food production, minimize waste, and provide more accurate and timely nutritional assessments. The results of this study show a 31% reduction in food waste and a 40% improvement in the accuracy of nutritional assessments after implementing the AI system. This system enhances meal planning, portion control, and real-time tracking of food intake, offering personalized recommendations based on patient needs. The AI system also streamlines the nutritional assessment process, reducing labor-intensive procedures and providing real-time feedback to clinicians, which helps improve patient care and reduce errors associated with traditional methods. Furthermore, the environmental and financial implications of adopting AI technologies in healthcare are significant. The reduction in food waste not only helps lower hospital costs but also contributes to sustainability goals by reducing resource consumption, including water, land, and energy. This study underscores the potential of AI-driven systems to improve healthcare operations, support sustainability, and enhance patient outcomes. Future research should focus on expanding the application of AI in other healthcare sectors and further exploring its integration with other technologies for comprehensive healthcare solutions.

This qualitative literature review explores the impact of stringent environmental policies on environmental risk management and audit costs. It investigates the evolving role of environmental regulations in shaping corporate risk management strategies, particularly focusing on how businesses address environmental risks and the associated costs of audits. The review synthesizes findings from various studies, highlighting the importance of integrating environmental risk management into corporate governance structures to mitigate financial and legal risks. It also emphasizes the necessity of environmental audits in ensuring compliance with regulatory frameworks, despite their associated costs. The review concludes that while the initial costs of environmental audits may be high, their long-term benefits, including regulatory compliance, risk reduction, and improved stakeholder relations, justify the investment. Future research should address the challenges faced by SMEs and explore the geographical and sector-specific differences in managing environmental risks.

The present study targets carrying out an analysis of economic and environmental returns as an effect of the adoption of a circular economy in Italy. Some of the key concepts it focuses on are promotion of private circular investment, export of recyclable material, use of circular material, eco-innovation, material footprint, and contribution of renewable energy to the total energy. The present study is supported by the systematic analysis of international data related to the role of circular economy in increasing economic efficiency and reducing environmental costs. The results highlight that private circular investment is highly relevant for the creation of new opportunities for economic development and supporting new, innovative sectors, such as recycling technologies. The results also underlined that eco-innovation plays a crucial role in improving resource efficiency, material footprint reduction, and renewable energy. The study confirms that the circular economy can be a strategic opportunity for Italy to further contribute to renewable energy and to reduce its imported natural resources dependence in a way that is both sustainable and economically competitive. The present study provides valuable insights for decision-makers and policymakers to promote circular economy strategies at national and international levels.

Organic fertilizers contain organic materials such as compost, manure, or other organic waste materials. When organic fertilizers are applied to the soil, they provide an abundant source of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as essential micronutrients. The community service activity program aims to empower farmers with the knowledge and skills to make organic fertilizers from local materials, which not only lower production costs but also improve soil quality and crop yields. The community service activity with the theme "Assistance and Making Organic Fertilizers in Reducing Fertilizer Costs for Farmers in Rowo Gempol Village, Lekok District, Pasuruan Regency" Through the Participatory Action Research method which includes preparation, processing, application, and evaluation, this program has succeeded in improving soil quality and supporting plant growth in the campus green area. Organic fertilizers, produced from campus organic waste such as dry leaves and food scraps, increase soil nutrient content and plant health, and reduce the negative impacts of synthetic chemicals. This activity also involves students in the process of processing and applying fertilizers, providing practical experience and raising awareness of the importance of sustainable agriculture and environmental management. The evaluation results showed a significant positive impact on soil quality and plant growth, with more fertile soil and healthier plants. In addition to the ecological benefits, the program plays an important educational role, by increasing students' understanding of environmentally friendly practices and organic farming skills. The success of this model is expected to be replicated in other villages. so that the benefits of this program can be felt more widely and support the creation of more sustainable agriculture.

Organic waste management in rural communities, especially those dependent on the agricultural sector, is still a big challenge. Organic waste such as crop residues, leaves and household waste are often not utilized optimally, resulting in environmental pollution and wasted potential. Meanwhile, farmers' dependence on chemical fertilizers increases production costs and reduces soil quality in the long term. This service program aims to provide education and assistance to farmer groups in Nagari Harau regarding the use of simple composters as a solution for managing organic waste. A simple composter is a method that is easy to make, cost effective, and can produce compost that is rich in nutrients. A participatory approach is used in implementing this program to ensure active community involvement in the entire process, from waste collection, composting, to utilization of the results. Through this program, it is concluded that communities can be more independent in managing organic waste, reduce negative impacts on the environment, and increase productivity and overall welfare of farmers.

Soil fertility is a key element in the sustainability of agricultural systems that support global food security. One important soil microorganism that plays a role in improving soil fertility is Rhizobium, a bacterium capable of biological nitrogen fixation through a symbiotic relationship with leguminosae plants. This bacterium not only contributes to increasing soil nitrogen availability by 30-50% but also helps reduce dependence on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which has implications for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of Rhizobium is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as pH, salinity, and chemical pollutants, which can inhibit its symbiotic ability. Technological innovations, such as nano-based formulations and the development of superior strains, offer solutions to improve the efficiency of Rhizobium, but challenges such as high costs and lack of policy support remain. In addition, the widespread use of Rhizobium inoculants may disrupt the balance of the soil microbial ecosystem, requiring further research. Therefore, integration of technology, policy and farmer education is needed to optimally utilize the full potential of Rhizobium while mitigating environmental risks, to support a more sustainable agricultural system.

Green Management has become an important strategy for companies to face environmental challenges while increasing competitiveness in the global market. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Green Management as a strategic approach in increasing the company's competitive advantage. The research method used is a literature review of various relevant previous studies, including the concept of Green Management, its impact on operational efficiency, product innovation, and corporate image. The results of the analysis show that the adoption of Green Management contributes significantly to reducing operational costs through energy efficiency and waste management. In addition, companies that implement sustainable practices succeed in creating added value for consumers, increasing customer loyalty, and strengthening market positions. This study also identifies several challenges, including initial implementation costs and organizational resistance, which can be overcome through government policy support and increasing environmental awareness among stakeholders. Thus, Green Management not only supports environmental sustainability goals but also provides strategic advantages for companies in the long term.

Graphene is a two-dimensional lattice made of a single carbon atom and has extraordinary mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. These properties make it a very important material for a variety of applications, including energy management and electronics. This research adopts a systematic literature review approach to evaluate the role of graphene in improving battery performance and environmental sustainability. The results show that graphene significantly improves the performance of lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries as well as sodium and magnesium-based batteries. In addition, graphene also has great potential for environmental applications such as water purification and pollutant adsorption. However, challenges such as production costs, toxicity, and scalability still need to be overcome for wider adoption.

This research aims to examine the management of environmental risks arising from the use of fossil energy and strategies for transitioning to green energy in the business sector. The main focus of the research is to analyze the managerial role in facing environmental regulatory challenges, as well as how leaders and managers can develop a culture of sustainability within the organization. This research uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques and document analysis on large companies in the industrial and manufacturing sectors that have adopted or are transitioning to green energy, in the period June-September 2024. The results show that companies that successfully reduce environmental risks have a clear and strong energy transition strategy, including investments in green technology and managerial training related to sustainability. The biggest challenges faced are government policy uncertainty and the high costs involved in green energy implementation. In addition, this study also highlights the important role of visionary leaders and competent managers in driving organizational culture change towards sustainability. The implication of this research is the importance of a proactive, innovative management approach and compliance with environmental regulations in the face of green energy transition.

  Government-regulated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs are intended to reduce the impact on society and the environment, but CSR cannot be done without the support of good corporate governance (GCG). The purpose of this study is to ascertain and examine previous research on the impact of corporate governance and environmental and social responsibility, or CSR, on corporate value, financial performance, and profits. This research combines qualitative methods with a literature study strategy, which involves using data collected from publications published in national journals to support ideas. Twenty samples of indexed and non-indexed articles were selected by the researchers from Google Scholar. Based on the findings of previous research studies, this study found that the impact of corporate governance (GCG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial performance and firm value varies. By increasing stakeholder trust, CSR often improves profitability, however, these benefits are not always visible due to high implementation costs. The contribution of corporate governance, including audit committees and independent boards, to business efficiency and transparency varies. Researchers believe that a more thorough study of the impact of GCG and CSR on firm value, financial performance, and profits will be conducted in the future.    

Operational management is an important part of problem solving factors in manufacturing companies because they have to face changing environmental conditions. Marketing Strategy is a strategy designed to promote goods or services with the aim of generating profits. Especially in some contexts, consumers tend to focus more on brands than products when making purchases, choosing certain brands because they have a positive image. Qualitative research methods place more emphasis on observing phenomena that occur and more on examining the substance of the meaning of these phenomena. Descriptive qualitative research means that the researcher must describe an object, phenomenon, or social setting which will be outlined in narrative writing. Benefits and Objectives of Company Operational Management 1. Efficiency (increasing efficiency) 2. Productivity (increasing efficiency) 3. Economy (reducing costs) 4. Quality (improving quality) 5. Reduced processing time (reducing production process time) Suggestions for this research are that several objects can be added to determine product quality improvements.

Sunlight as a renewable energy source that produces heat energy from solar radiation. Radiation is the propagation of energy without an intermediary substance, so that solar energy can reach the earth's surface through radiation due to the vacuum between the Earth and the Sun. Radiation is the only energy that can propagate through a vacuum and reach the earth's surface through direct radiation, diffuse radiation, and total radiation. Solar panels are devices that can convert sunlight into electricity. The study aims to understand the effectiveness of solar panels in generating electricity, identify factors that affect the performance of solar panels in residential environments, and assess the utilization of Energy from Solar Panels that Can Reduce Monthly Electricity Costs at Home. The research methodology used is qualitative. The results of this study, the utilization of solar panels in residential environments shows varying effectiveness, Environmental factors such as temperature, lighting, cleanliness, and extreme weather conditions play an important role in the performance of solar panels in households, Utilization of solar panel energy in households can reduce monthly electricity costs.    

The results of the study show the application of environmental accounting (Green accounting) according to the Islamic perspective of waste management of PT. Sources of Graha Sejahtera (SGS) include Avoiding Air Pollution, Good Waste Management and Green Spaces.  PT incurs costs for environmental activities such as waste management, environmental monitoring costs, employee training costs, and environmental activity audit costs. All environmental costs, and allocating these costs based on cost types in a structured environmental accounting contribute well to environmental performance. The impact of the application of environmental accounting in waste management at PT. Sumber Graha Sejahtera (SGS) produces goodness and cleanliness because when a company carries out activities support environmental management, the management must wisely record every cost incurred related to environmental activity. These costs are referred to as environmental costs that must be charged to functions within the company appropriately, for example, production functions, marketing functions and other functions.

In recent years, demand for these products has increased along with awareness of the beauty and durability of bengkirai wood. Although SMEs contribute significantly to the Indonesian economy, they face challenges, including access to financing and production efficiency. This study aims to understand how Rumah Parquet accounts for costs related to maintaining environmental quality in its production process. The methodology used included interviews and regression data analysis to calculate Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGS), Operating Expenses (BOP), and profit and loss statements. The results show that Rumah Parquet has not fully integrated environmental quality costs in the COGS calculation, which has an impact on profitability and business sustainability. The findings provide insights for industry players on the importance of better cost management to improve product competitiveness. This research also contributes to the literature by highlighting environmental aspects in cost calculation in the SME sector.