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This study examines the absence of clear time limits in civil procedural law and its impact on the effectiveness of the principle of simple, fast, and low-cost justice in Indonesia. Normatively, this principle serves as a fundamental guideline in ensuring efficient and accessible dispute resolution. However, in practice, civil proceedings often take a prolonged and complex course, leading to increased costs and legal uncertainty. This research aims to analyze whether the principle has real normative force and how the lack of time constraints in each stage of civil litigation contributes to procedural delays. The study employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that the absence of strict and binding time limits allows procedural flexibility to be misused, resulting in repeated delays, inefficiency, and case accumulation. Consequently, the principle of simple, fast, and low-cost justice tends to remain declarative rather than operational. The study concludes that the effectiveness of this principle is significantly weakened by the lack of time regulation and suggests the need for reform through time-bound case management, stricter procedural control, and the integration of digital judicial systems to enhance efficiency and legal certainty.

Social interaction is an important part of students' lives, especially in the school environment and socializing with peers. In the process of this interaction, verbal bullying behavior often appears which is often considered a form of joke or a natural thing. In fact, verbal bullying can have a quite serious psychological impact on students who experience it. This study aims to examine various forms of verbal bullying that occur in social interactions in students and analyze the psychological impact it causes. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various scientific sources in the form of research journals, scientific articles, and relevant books published in the range of 2016–2026. The results of the study show that verbal bullying in students can appear in various forms, such as mockery of physical or ability, insults, the use of harsh words, yelling, and humiliation in front of others or the general public. Various studies have also shown that these behaviors are influenced by the factors of the friendship environment, lack of emotional control, and excessive joke culture among students. The psychological impact caused includes decreased self-confidence, the emergence of feelings of sadness, anxiety, stress, and a tendency to withdraw from the social environment. Therefore, attention from various parties, especially the school and family environment, is needed to prevent and reduce the occurrence of verbal bullying so that students' psychological development can take place in a healthy manner.

This study aims to analyze the impact of middlemen on the price of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) of oil palm received by farmers in Lambur I Village, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, from a sharia economic perspective. This study also examines the FFB marketing patterns carried out by farmers and the factors that influence farmers in choosing where to sell their harvest. The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study research type. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation to understand FFB marketing practices and the socio-economic relationships between farmers and middlemen. The results show that FFB marketing in Lambur I Village is carried out through three main channels: middlemen, the Marketing Chain of Trust (RAM), and palm oil processing factories. Most farmers choose to sell FFB to middlemen because the transaction process is easier, payments are fast, and transportation costs are not required. In addition, urgent financial needs, limited transportation facilities, and long-standing socio-economic relationships also influence farmers' dependence on middlemen. In practice, middlemen play a dominant role in determining prices, deducting approximately Rp 250–Rp 300 per kilogram from the factory price. From a sharia economic perspective, marketing practices through middlemen are essentially permissible as long as they are carried out with mutual consent and do not contain elements of usury, gharar, or injustice. However, the dominance of middlemen in determining prices indicates a bargaining imbalance that could potentially harm farmers, thus not fully reflecting the principle of justice in sharia economics

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor internal (sumber daya manusia, modal usaha, dan kualitas produk) serta faktor eksternal (harga dan lokasi) terhadap keberhasilan usaha UMKM milik women Generasi Z di Kota Kupang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data primer yang diperoleh secara langsung melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari seluruh UMKM di Kota Kupang, dengan sampel sebanyak 60 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik sampling kuota, yang terdiri dari 10 responden dari masing-masing 6 kecamatan di Kota Kupang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan SPSS. Validasi dilakukan melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, serta analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber daya manusia, modal usaha, dan kualitas produk memiliki dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kesuksesan usaha UMKM milik perempuan Generasi Z di Kota Kupang. Sementara itu, harga memiliki efek yang signifikan namun negatif, artinya ketidakakuratan dalam penetapan harga dapat mengurangi minat beli konsumen. Di sisi lain, lokasi usaha tidak memiliki efek yang signifikan, yang menunjukkan bahwa peran lokasi semakin berkurang seiring dengan perkembangan pemasaran digital.

The objectives of the study are: 1) To analyze the level of vulnerability of agricultural land to flash floods in Nagari Pauh Kamang Mudiak, 2) To analyze the condition of agricultural land in Nagari Pauh Kamang Mudiak before and after the flash flood. The results of this study: 1) Analysis of the level of vulnerability of agricultural land to flash floods in Nagari Pauh Kamang Mudiak, namely in the safe class covering an area of 8.34 hectares, the non-vulnerable class covering an area of 12.01 hectares, the vulnerable class covering an area of 51.91 hectares and the very vulnerable class covering an area of 18.13 hectares. This shows that most of the research areas have a high level of vulnerability to flash floods. Furthermore, the analysis of flash flood risks with 4 risk classifications is an area with a low risk of 16.94 hectares, a moderate area of 30.60 hectares, a high area of 37.78 hectares, and a very high area of 5.07 hectares. Based on the results of this analysis, the agricultural land most affected by the flash flood in Nagari Pauh Kamang Mudiak is rice fields covering an area of 72.2 hectares, 2) Analysis of the condition of agricultural land vegetation in Nagari Pauh Kamang Mudiak before and after the flash flood, namely with 5 classes, namely the very low greenness class covering an area of 12.69 hectares, low covering an area of 29.69 hectares, medium covering an area of 13.22 hectares, and high covering an area of 34.84 hectares. The results of the accuracy test using overall accuracy reached a suitability of 89.58% and the kappa coefficient reached a suitability of 84.32%, meaning good accuracysuitability between the classification results and actual conditions in the field.

Transparency in human resource management has become a strategic issue in modern organizations, particularly through the implementation of salary transparency as part of the broader concept of radical transparency. This study aims to analyze the psychological and managerial impacts of salary information disclosure and its implications for human resource leadership within organizations. The research employs a qualitative approach using a narrative literature review by examining relevant scholarly articles published within the last five years. The findings indicate that salary transparency contributes positively to enhancing employees’ perceptions of fairness and trust; however, it may also generate negative consequences such as social comparison, interpersonal conflict, and decreased job satisfaction if not properly managed. From a managerial perspective, salary transparency promotes greater accountability, strengthens performance evaluation systems, and encourages more open and participative leadership practices. This study contributes by integrating psychological and managerial dimensions into a comprehensive conceptual framework and highlights the importance of organizational readiness in strategically managing transparency policies to achieve effectiveness and sustainability.

This paper focuses on a legal review of foreign investment regulations in Indonesia, a crucial aspect that underpins most of the discussion. Furthermore, it frequently highlights the implications of legal regulations on investment, including foreign investment, in several related regulations, such as the Job Creation Law and the Investment Law, for market volatility, corporate governance, and stock prices in Indonesia. This paper emphasizes a normative-empirical context, focusing on a review of capital market investment regulations and secondary analyses conducted through several journals reporting on the effectiveness of foreign investment for local companies, enhancing their image as local companies, a trend inevitably driven by local interests. This is further supported by the use of various important theories, such as foreign investment theory, the legal framework for foreign investment, stock performance theory, and efficient investment, as crucial theoretical considerations in the discussion. The point of the results of the discussion in this writing is then emphasized on its focus, namely the results of the review of the legal regulations regarding capital markets that include foreign capital markets, which also discusses the results of research reports from various journals related to the implications of foreign investment regulations as well as the challenges and discussions of harmonization regarding existing investment regulations in Indonesia.

This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of KUB chickens fed with a combination of fermented agricultural waste, specifically Maggot BSF (Hermetia illucens) and Azolla microphylla. A total of 96 KUB chickens aged 30 days were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a basal diet substituted with the fermented waste combination at levels of 0% (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), and 15% (P3). Parameters observed included feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The results showed that increasing the level of waste substitution significantly affected feed consumption due to the bulky nature of the fiber, yet body weight gain remained stable across all treatments. The FCR values ranging from 3.21 to 3.25 indicated that the high-quality protein from Maggot BSF effectively compensated for the reduced feed intake. It is concluded that the substitution of fermented agricultural waste up to 15% (P3) is an optimal and efficient formulation to maintain the growth performance of KUB chickens.

Transformasi digital dalam sistem pembayaran telah mengubah lanskap pengelolaan keuangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengaruh penggunaan pembayaran digital terhadap praktik pengelolaan arus kas dan transparansi keuangan UMKM. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus multipel diterapkan, melibatkan 14 pemilik/manajer UMKM di Kota Semarang yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi non-partisipan, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kerangka Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pembayaran digital mentransformasi pengelolaan arus kas melalui percepatan settlement (85,7%), otomatisasi pencatatan (92,8%), dan peningkatan efisiensi biaya (78,6%). Transparansi keuangan meningkat melalui ketersediaan audit trail digital (100%), pemisahan keuangan pribadi-usaha (71,4%), dan akurasi pencatatan (85,7%). Permintaan pelanggan dan kemudahan penggunaan menjadi pendorong utama, sementara gangguan konektivitas dan keterbatasan literasi digital menjadi penghambat. Penelitian ini memperkaya literatur adopsi fintech dengan perspektif kualitatif mengenai dampak pasca-adopsi pembayaran digital terhadap pengelolaan keuangan UMKM.

Perilaku keuangan mahasiswa di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas YPPI Rembang diteliti untuk mengidentifikasi dampak fintech, literasi keuangan, dan gaya hidup hedonis. Studi ini memakai pendekatan kuantitatif dengan mengumpulkan data memakai kuesioner. Dengan memakai teknik pemilihan acak bert stratified proporsional, 75 partisipan dipilih sebagai sampel. Regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk analisis data. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan perilaku keuangan mahasiswa terpengaruh secara positif bersignifikan oleh fintech dan literasi keuangan, tetapi terpengaruh secara positif dan tidak signifikan oleh gaya hidup hedonis. Mahasiswa dengan tingkatan literasi keuangan yang tinggi dan kemampuan memakai fintech lebih cenderung bertindak secara metodis dalam hal keuangan mahasiswa. Selain itu, mahasiswa tidak membiarkan gaya hidup hedonis mendikte keputusan keuangan mahasiswa. Di sisi lain, fintech, literasi keuangan, dan gaya hidup hedonis semuanya memengaruhi perilaku keuangan dengan cara yang berbeda.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of supervision conducted by the Environmental and Sanitation Agency (DLHK) of Karawang Regency regarding the mining activities of PT Mas Putih Belitung based on Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The study also examines the obstacles faced in monitoring the impacts of mining activities on public health and the environment. The research used an empirical juridical method with legislative and empirical approaches. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively using Soerjono Soekanto’s theory of legal effectiveness. The findings show that DLHK supervision has been implemented but has not yet operated effectively. Several factors contribute to this condition, including limited human resources, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, weak administrative law enforcement, low community participation, and insufficient compliance by the company in environmental management practices. Therefore, stronger supervision, improved law enforcement, and greater collaboration between government, companies, and communities are necessary to ensure environmental protection and public health sustainability.

Online gambling is a form of addictive behavior that often begins with simple experimentation. Early wins tend to encourage individuals to continue gambling with increasingly larger stakes, driven by the belief that higher bets will lead to greater profits. Along with the rapid advancement of digital technology, online gambling has become more accessible to various groups, including university students, through convenient and flexible online platforms. Although it is often perceived as a form of entertainment, online gambling has significant negative impacts. This study aims to analyze the effects of online gambling on students’ mental health. The research uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through observations and interviews involving respondents who engage in online gambling activities. The findings reveal that online gambling has detrimental effects on students’ psychological well-being, including increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Furthermore, it contributes to decreased concentration, reduced learning motivation, and declining academic performance. Therefore, stronger preventive measures and educational efforts are necessary to minimize the negative impacts of online gambling among university students.

This study examines the impact of the presence of PT Toba Agro Mandiri on the livelihoods of the community in Pohan Julu Village, Siborong-borong District, North Tapanuli Regency. The establishment of the company has brought socio-economic changes to the local community, particularly in relation to employment opportunities and sources of income. Prior to the company's presence, most residents depended on traditional agriculture as their main livelihood. This research aims to analyze the changes in community livelihoods following the operation of the company and to identify the factors that influence the community in responding to these changes. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving community members and relevant stakeholders. The findings indicate that the presence of PT Toba Agro Mandiri has both positive and negative impacts on the community. Positive impacts include increased income for landowners through land leasing, the availability of new employment opportunities, and the emergence of supporting economic activities. However, negative impacts were also identified, such as unequal access to employment opportunities, social disparities between landowners and non-landowners, and a gradual shift away from traditional agricultural practices. These findings highlight the importance of more inclusive employment opportunities and community empowerment programs to ensure that the benefits of the company's presence can be distributed more evenly among the local community.

This study is motivated by the important role of licensed coaches in implementing the Filanesia curriculum to improve the quality of early-age football development. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the significance of the impact of training programs implemented by licensed coaches on the improvement of holistic performance (technical, tactical, physical, and mental aspects) of students at the Mitra Persada Football School (SSB) in Cilongok, Banyumas. The method used in this study is a quantitative experimental approach with a Pre-Experimental Design, specifically the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population consisted of 25 students from the Mitra Persada Football School aged 13–15 years. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, resulting in a final sample of 15 students. Data collection instruments included performance tests and questionnaires that had been validated by experts with a feasibility level of 95% (categorized as “Very Feasible”). The collected data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test and N-Gain Score effectiveness test with the help of SPSS version 26. The results showed an overall improvement in performance, with the average pretest score of 58.40 increasing to 79.20 in the posttest. The Paired Sample T-Test results indicated a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Furthermore, the effectiveness test using the N-Gain Score resulted in a value of 0.50 (50%), which falls into the “Moderate” or fairly effective category. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive and highly significant impact of licensed coach training programs on improving the performance of early-age athletes at SSB Mitra Persada Cilongok Banyumas.

This study aims to analyze the impact of inflation on the profitability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in traditional markets. Inflation influences key business aspects, including rising production costs, declining consumer purchasing power, and instability in input prices, all of which can disrupt business performance. The research employed a quantitative approach using survey data collected from MSME actors to assess these effects. The findings reveal that inflation has a significant negative impact on MSME profitability, particularly through the reduction of profit margins. This occurs as businesses face higher raw material costs while simultaneously experiencing a decline in sales volume due to weakened consumer demand. As a result, many MSMEs struggle to maintain financial stability and sustain their operations under inflationary pressure. These findings highlight the need for adaptive strategies among MSMEs, such as cost efficiency and pricing adjustments. Additionally, the study offers important policy implications for the government to support MSMEs through targeted interventions, including price stabilization measures and financial assistance programs, in order to maintain business resilience and economic sustainability.

The changes to the provisions on evidence in the new Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) mark a significant shift in the evidentiary system under Indonesian criminal procedure. The expansion of evidence to include physical evidence as valid evidence, the explicit recognition of electronic evidence, judicial observation, and other evidence as long as it is legally obtained, alters the evidentiary system, which previously relied on classical categories. This situation raises questions about how these changes affect the evidentiary system and the dynamics of criminal litigation in court, particularly regarding the role of judges, the strategies of the parties, and the protection of the defendant's rights. This study aims to analyze the changes in the evidentiary system resulting from the addition of evidence in the new KUHAP and its impact on criminal litigation practices. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive specifications through a literature review of relevant laws and legal literature. The analysis shows that the expansion of evidence increases the complexity of the evidence, strengthens the role of judges in assessing the legality and authentication of evidence, and encourages a shift in the litigation strategies of prosecutors and advocates. The addition of evidence has the potential to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement, but also raises the risk of legal uncertainty and human rights violations if not supported by adequate technical guidelines and oversight mechanisms.

This study aims to analyze gender-based political violence in the 2020 Regional Head Elections in South Tangerang City and its impact on women’s representation in politics. The case analyzed involves social media attacks against Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo during her campaign for Deputy Mayor, in which an old photo of her while pregnant was used as material for sexually charged attacks. This study employs a qualitative method using a case study approach through literature review. The analysis utilizes Kate Manne’s theory of misogyny, which views misogyny as a social mechanism within the patriarchal system to control and discipline women entering the public sphere. The results of the study indicate that gender-based political violence manifests in the form of the moral delegitimization of women, digital intimidation or harassment, policing of women in public spaces, and the objectification of women’s bodies. These phenomena demonstrate that gender bias remains a barrier for women in securing equal space in local political contests.

The implementation of PSAK 73, which adopted IFRS 16, brought fundamental changes to lease financial reporting, triggering various challenges for financial performance and corporate policy. The primary issue examined in this literature was the impact of lease capitalization on financial ratios, dividend policy, and potential earnings management. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in financial performance before and after the implementation of the new standard, as well as to identify the determinants of dividend policy across various sectors. The dominant method employed was a quantitative approach using comparative analysis and panel data regression on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Key findings indicated that the implementation of PSAK 73 significantly increased total assets and liabilities (leverage), yet tended to decrease profitability ratios such as Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Furthermore, dividend policy was found to be significantly influenced by profitability and the new capital structure resulting from lease capitalization  

This study aims to analyze the level of financial literacy and examine its influence on the household welfare of vegetable farmers. Agricultural households, particularly smallholder vegetable farmers, frequently experience economic vulnerability due to several structural challenges such as unstable agricultural income, seasonal production patterns, fluctuating market prices, limited access to formal financial services, and inadequate financial management skills. These conditions often make farm households more susceptible to economic shocks, including crop failure, input price increases, or sudden market price declines. In this context, financial literacy becomes an essential capability that enables farmers to manage their financial resources more effectively.This research employed a quantitative research design using a survey approach. The study involved 120 vegetable farmers selected as respondents from major vegetable-producing areas. Data were collected through structured questionnaires designed to measure farmers’ financial literacy levels and household welfare conditions. Financial literacy was assessed through indicators such as financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitudes, while household welfare was evaluated based on indicators including consumption stability, education and health expenditures, savings capacity, and overall economic resilience. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics and financial literacy levels of respondents, and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between financial literacy and household welfare.The results of this study highlight the importance of strengthening financial education programs targeted at agricultural communities. Improving financial literacy among vegetable farmers can contribute not only to better household financial management but also to broader rural economic development. Therefore, financial education initiatives should be integrated into agricultural extension programs, farmer group activities, and local government development strategies. Such initiatives may include training in household financial planning, simple bookkeeping for farm businesses, savings management, and responsible credit use. By enhancing farmers’ financial capabilities, these programs can help improve household welfare, strengthen rural economic resilience, and support the long-term sustainability of the agricultural sector.

Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior that is intentionally and repeatedly carried out, characterized by an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim. This phenomenon is not limited to childhood and adolescence but may also produce long term effects that extend into adulthood, including among university students. This study aims to explore the long term impact of bullying on victims’ mental health, with a particular focus on students who have experienced bullying in the past. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using a literature review approach. Data were obtained through a comprehensive analysis of scientific articles, national and international journals, and previous studies related to bullying and mental health. The findings show that victims of bullying face a higher risk of psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD, low self esteem, and difficulties in social interactions. These effects influence not only emotional well-being but also academic functioning, including reduced concentration, decreased learning motivation, and lower academic performance. In addition, prolonged psychological stress resulting from bullying may lead to physical problems, such as sleep disturbances and somatic complaints. Factors including limited social support, maladaptive coping strategies, and high intensity or prolonged exposure to bullying were found to intensify the negative impacts experienced by victims. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive prevention and intervention efforts in higher education settings, such as the provision of accessible counseling services, the implementation of strict anti bullying policies, and the strengthening of social support systems to minimize the long-term mental health effects of bullying among university students.