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The implementation of local democracy in Indonesia faces challenges when the electoral and procedural mechanisms regulated in modern village administration are not fully in line with the socio-cultural traditions of indigenous communities. Many villages still strongly uphold the values, norms, and authority of traditional institutions that have historically regulated communal life, including in terms of leadership legitimacy. Tension between formal democracy and customary values arises when the village political process is perceived as not reflecting the cultural identity of the community. This situation creates a need to understand how the integration of customary institutions can strengthen the legitimacy of village leaders in the local democratic system. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach because the study focuses on the concept of the role of customary institutions in strengthening local democracy and the legitimacy of village leadership. This method allows researchers to explore theories and compare previous findings to form a systematic understanding. The research data comes from 19 secondary sources in the form of scientific books and journal articles published between 2016 and 2025 that are relevant to the themes of customs, village governance, community participation, and local leadership. The search was conducted using the Publish or Perish application with purposive sampling techniques to select sources directly related to the main research issue. This study concludes that the integration of traditional institutions into local democracy produces a model of village leadership that is legally strong and culturally rooted. This integration provides a basis for strengthening local democracy based on cultural wisdom, thereby supporting village development.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of slang usage on the TikTok social media platform as a form of linguistic adaptation in digital communication. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research examines how users modify language structures to create more effective, expressive, and socially meaningful interactions. Data were collected through participatory observation of content appearing on the For Your Page (FYP) feature and analyzed using textual and contextual methods. The findings reveal that slang formation on TikTok occurs within three main domains: phonological transformation through sound reduction to produce linguistic aesthetics, morphological modification through the creation of efficient acronyms, and cognitive-semantic shifts that redefine the meanings of existing vocabulary. These findings demonstrate that slang is not merely a temporary communication trend, but also functions as an important sociolinguistic instrument for constructing group identity, strengthening emotional connections, and reflecting the cognitive and cultural dynamics of contemporary digital society amid the rapid development of information technology.

This study is motivated by the increasing competition in the Muslim fashion industry, which encourages SMEs to develop effective marketing strategies to build brand image. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the marketing mix (4P) strategy in strengthening the brand image of Bell.Scraft SMEs. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and then analyzed using the data analysis techniques of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which include data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the product aspect is carried out through continuous trend research and market needs analysis, the pricing aspect applies a combination of cost-based and value-based approaches, the distribution aspect utilizes a multichannel strategy through resellers, social media, and marketplaces, while the promotion aspect focuses on trust-based digital strategies through authentic content and influencers. Overall, the implementation of the marketing mix (4P) supports the strengthening of Bell.Scraft’s brand image amid market competition. The implications of this study suggest that the use of integrated and digital-based marketing strategies can enhance the competitiveness of SMEs and build long-term relationships with consumers.

This study was conducted at PT. Asmin Bara Bronang, Sepan Uring Village, Kapuas Tengah District, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, with the aim of analyzing the productivity and influencing factors of the PC 300 excavator in coal getting activities to support the achievement of production targets. The objective of this research is to analyze the actual productivity and the factors affecting it in Sector 7 coal getting operations. The research method used field observation with a quantitative descriptive analysis approach. The results show that the productivity of the PC 300 excavator ranges from 127.12 to 224.29 tons/hour, with an average of 173.98 tons/hour. In several conditions, the productivity is still below the company’s target of 180 tons/hour. The analysis indicates that productivity is influenced by material conditions, particularly the Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) value of 47, which reflects relatively harder material with coarser particle size, and a moisture content of 22.71%, causing the material to be sticky and cohesive, thereby affecting the bucket filling process. In addition, operational factors such as bottom loading patterns, limited number of tailgate dump trucks, and suboptimal selection of dump truck types also contribute to productivity performance.  Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the productivity of the PC 300 excavator has not consistently met the company’s target. Therefore, improvement efforts are required, including the implementation of top loading methods, increasing the number of tailgate dump trucks, optimizing the selection of hauling equipment, and controlling material conditions that affect the digging process.    

Vegetables are food commodities widely consumed by the public due to their high nutritional content. Chili (Capsicum annuum L.), green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensia L.) are among the vegetables that can be processed into various delicious dishes or consumed fresh as raw vegetables. To obtain healthy and high-quality vegetable crops, pesticides are commonly used to control pests that may damage the plants. One of the widely used pesticides is chlorpyrifos, which can leave residues that may pose both acute and chronic health risks. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the levels of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in vegetables. The residue levels were determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 230 nm with dichloromethane as the solvent, while qualitative analysis was performed using HPLC by comparing the retention times of standard solutions and vegetable samples. In this study, washing treatments were applied to the vegetables using dichloromethane, distilled water, well water, and tap water (PDAM) to evaluate the effect of washing on pesticide residue levels. The concentrations of pesticide residues in unwashed vegetables were chili (2.6680 ± 0.0214 mg/kg), green beans (2.4658 ± 0.0193 mg/kg), and Chinese cabbage (2.7950 ± 0.0379 mg/kg). The washing process was carried out three times for each solvent. After three washings using dichloromethane and distilled water, pesticide residues were no longer detected, whereas washing with tap water (PDAM) and well water still left residues, although at levels much lower than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). The health risk assessment showed that the aHQ and cHQ values were < 1, indicating that consumption within the recommended limits of these samples does not pose health risks, either in the short term or long term. This study provides important information that repeated washing is necessary to effectively reduce pesticide residue levels in vegetables before consumption.  

The amalgamation and flotation methods are widely used by miners because the methods are simple, fast and easy. The purpose of this study was aims to test the effectiveness of gold recovery using the amalgamation and flotation methods in conventional gold processing. The research methods used were observation and testing using the amalgamation and flotation methods in conventional gold processing. The effectiveness analysis was carried out by calculating the percentage of gold produced in the amalgamation and flotation processing methods. The test was carried out on 10 samples, each weighing 10 kg. The amalgamation process used a Hg solution, while flotation used a detergent reagent. The total primary gold processing using the amalgamation method was 11.46 grams, while the total primary gold recovery using the flotation method was 12.15 grams. The results of gold processing using the flotation method were higher than those using amalgamation because flotation can separate gold more efficiently from ore containing various impurity minerals. Meanwhile, the amalgamation method, which uses mercury, tends to be less effective and loses some of the gold because it only binds very fine and dispersed gold particles, while flotation can handle ore with lower gold content and larger gold particles.

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) requires a high cement content, which contributes to increased carbon emissions; therefore, this study evaluates the effect of partial cement substitution with fly ash (5%, 10%, and 15%) and the addition of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) waste (0.5% and 0.7%) on the mechanical properties of SCC with a target strength of f’c 30 MPa. The research employed laboratory experimental methods, including fresh concrete tests (slump flow, L-box, and V-funnel) and hardened concrete tests (compressive, tensile, and flexural strength) at 7 and 28 days. The results indicate that fly ash substitution enhances compressive strength, with the highest value of 49.59 MPa achieved at 5% fly ash at 28 days, exceeding normal concrete (34.73 MPa). The addition of PET tends to reduce compressive strength due to increased porosity; however, it significantly improves flexural strength, as the combination of 5% fly ash and 0.5% PET achieved 4.7 MPa compared to 2.9 MPa for normal concrete. Overall, the combination of fly ash and PET waste shows potential for application in structural elements requiring high flexural performance.

Takaras River is a river basin that is vulnerable to pollution, particularly from the mercury usage in small-scale gold mining. This study aims to identify water quality based on mercury (Hg)and pH levels in the Takaras River. Samples were taken at two locations using a purposive sampling method. Results showed indications of mercury use on former gold mining land around the Takaras River altought the mercury content level was below 0.075 µg/L or 0.00075 mg/L in sample 1 and 2. Based on the test results, the acidity level (pH) in the two water samples from Takaras River is 3.86 and 3.84 in sample 1 and 2, compared to the maximum pH quality standard of 6-9 for Class II water, it is concluded that the scale of acidity in Takaras River is very low, indicating that the water quality in the Takaras River is highly acidic, abnormal, and shows signs of serious pollution. The implications of low pH levels in the Takaras River can cause damage to the Takaras River ecosystem, a decline in soil quality and fertility, and an increase in heavy metal toxicity in the environment surrounding the river.

This study investigates the impact of TikTok Live, viral content, and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) on the purchasing decisions of Gen Z consumers in Jombang City for food and drink products. Social media, particularly TikTok, has rapidly expanded and functions as a potent digital marketing instrument. It influences consumer behavior through live broadcasting and the dissemination of viral content. The objective is to examine the influence of these three factors on purchasing decisions. This study employs a quantitative methodology. The data was obtained from surveys administered to 60 Gen Z participants who purchased food or beverages following exposure to TikTok advertising. Samples were selected by purposive sampling. Data were examined using multiple linear regression with SPSS software. Findings indicate that TikTok Live exerts a favorable and substantial impact on purchasing decisions. Viral material exerts no substantial impact. FOMO exerts a detrimental and substantial impact. The results indicate that TikTok live streaming effectively enhances consumer purchases, especially within the food industry.  

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies implemented by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly those engaged in the culinary sector, within the Pasar Raya MMTC (Medan Metropolitan Trade Center) area in facing digital era competition. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with MSME owners, observation of digital promotional activities (Social Media and Marketplaces), and content analysis. The results indicate that the most effective and commonly used digital strategies include: (1) Marketplace Optimization (focusing on discount and flash sale features), (2) Social Media Marketing Utilization (Instagram and TikTok for visual/video content), and (3) Collaboration with Local Micro-Influencers or food vloggers. The effectiveness of these strategies is measured by the increase in sales volume (an average of 20-30% after digital adoption) and improved brand visibility. The main obstacles encountered by MMTC MSMEs are the lack of consistency in content creation, limited funds for paid advertising, and insufficient understanding of digital data analytics. This study concludes that digital adaptation is essential, but it must be supported by improving digital literacy and providing targeted assistance focused on analyzing the return on investment (ROI) of digital marketing activities for sustainable growth.

The rapid development of digital media, particularly YouTube, has encouraged personal branding practices among content creators in the gaming sector. This study analyzes how Tobias Justin constructs his personal branding through the Jess No Limit YouTube channel using Montoya's (2002) eight-component personal branding theory, namely specialization, leadership, personality, distinctiveness, visibility, unity, persistence, and goodwill. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design, data were collected through online observation of 15 videos published between 2023 and 2025, digital documentation, and digital footprint analysis. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's (1994) interactive model. Findings reveal that Tobias Justin's personal branding is built through consistent specialization in Mobile Legends gameplay, an authentic and humble personal narrative, a relaxed yet persuasive communication style, and sustained positive audience engagement. Audiences actively reinforce his image as a professional, inspiring figure, demonstrating that personal branding is a dialectical process involving creator presentation and collective audience validation. This study concludes that effective digital creator branding is shaped by value consistency, technical competence, and strategic audience relationship management, not mere popularity. Comparative research across gaming creators or platforms is recommended to extend generalizability.

The development of digital content on the YouTube platform encourages creators to produce more engaging and informative podcast videos through the editing process. This study discusses the video podcast editing workflow of the Tikitalk program on the Ampu Studio YouTube channel using Adobe Premiere Pro. This research also aims to understand how the editing stages are carried out in improving the quality of video podcast presentation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative through direct observation during internship activities, so that the data is obtained based on real field experience. The results of the study show that the editing process, such as video cutting, transition settings, audio adjustment, audio censoring, and the addition of motion graphics, can significantly improve the quality of video podcast presentation. In addition, this process also helps make the content more organized, informative, and engaging for viewers. Thus, the role of the editor in the production process is very important in supporting the quality of digital content on the YouTube platform. Therefore, it can be concluded that editing is not only a technical process, but also an important part in increasing the attractiveness and professionalism of a video podcast.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital marketing in increasing sales of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the bedding equipment sector on online platforms. The background of this research is driven by the high level of competition in marketplaces and the need for business actors to optimize digital marketing strategies to remain competitive. The research method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), combined with SWOT analysis to identify business conditions comprehensively. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation of production and marketing activities. The results show that the implementation of digital marketing through marketplaces and social commerce can expand market reach, increase sales volume, and enhance the business actor’s understanding of managing online marketing strategies. In addition, product content optimization, the use of promotional features, and customer service play an important role in increasing consumer trust and purchase decisions. However, challenges such as high advertising costs and frequent changes in platform policies were also identified. Overall, this study concludes that well-planned and efficient digital marketing strategies can improve competitiveness, profitability, and business sustainability of SMEs in the digital era.

West Sumatra is one of the Indonesian regions with high exposure to natural hazards, making fast, accurate, and accessible disaster information essential. This study aims to analyze the role of the Instagram account of the West Sumatra Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in disseminating disaster information, examining both institutional management practices and public interpretation of the messages. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten external informants and six internal BPBD informants, supported by observation and documentation of Instagram-based disaster communication. The data were analyzed through reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that Instagram functions as a channel for early warning, emergency updates, disaster education, documentation, and public interaction. Internal informants described content production through field documentation, editing, 5W+1H-based narration, verification, and coordination with related agencies. Public informants perceived BPBD information as clear, credible, and useful for daily preparedness, although they expected faster updates, simpler visuals, and more interactive content. The study implies that disaster communication through Instagram needs to strengthen verification procedures, real-time updates, human resources, and two-way engagement.

This study aims to analyze the digital communication strategy implemented by the Jakarta Communication, Informatics, and Statistics Office (Diskominfotik) in the dissemination of public information through the @katakotajakarta Instagram account. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results of the study show that there is a shift in communication patterns from one direction to a more interactive two-way, characterized by the use of visual content, the use of casual language, and systematic content planning. The use of the Reels feature has proven to be effective in increasing audience reach, especially from non-followers. However, the challenges faced include fluctuations in engagement and the risk of information overload that can reduce the effectiveness of communication. This study concludes that adaptive and data-based digital communication strategies are able to increase the effectiveness of public communication and strengthen the relationship between the government and the community. These findings provide practical implications for the management of public communication in the digital era, especially in utilizing social media as an interactive means that support transparency and public participation.

This study discusses the production of digital campaign content for Perumda Transpakuan Bogor through Instagram and videotron as part of public transportation communication strategies targeting Generation Z. The study aims to analyze and implement digital content production processes that are visually engaging, informative, and relevant to young audiences. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach with a project-based applied research orientation. Data were collected through participatory observation, documentation, and Instagram Insight analysis. The project resulted in nine Instagram contents in the form of reels, carousel posts, infographics, and interactive posts, as well as one public service advertisement video for videotron media. The findings show that the use of storytelling, relatable visuals, and short-form video formats effectively increased audience reach and engagement. Instagram reels became the most effective format in attracting Generation Z audiences, while videotron strengthened message distribution in public spaces. The study implies that integrating social media and digital outdoor media can support more effective public communication campaigns for public transportation services.

This study examines the application of Walter Murch's Rule of Six as a post-production decision-making framework for the Instagram Reels content on the Tenchi Tirtayasa account. This project addresses the challenge of bridging the gap between the image of a premium restaurant and the necessity to convey a warmer, more accessible brand experience through short-form videos. A descriptive project-based methodology was employed, involving the observation of the production process, documentation of the editing workflow, analysis of Episode 3 of the Reels series, and review of Instagram Reels Insights as the data. The analysis reveals that the six priorities of editing—Emotion, Story, Rhythm, eye-trace, Two-dimensional screen space, and Three-dimensional action space—assisted the editor in selecting shots, organizing visual sequences, managing pacing, and maintaining spatial continuity in the vertical 9:16 format. Episode 3 garnered 9,132 Views, 229 Likes, 10 Comments, 9 Shares, and a 93.4% non-follower reach rate. These findings suggest that a Rule of Six-based workflow can enhance soft-selling Storytelling, reinforce visual consistency, and improve the communicative value of restaurant reel content.

This study aims to analyze the aesthetic values of Ranggawis Dance as a form of regional creative dance that develops in Purbalingga Regency. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, supported by a choreographic aesthetic approach. The theoretical framework used is the aesthetic theory proposed, which includes aspects of form, content, and performance. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation involving choreographers, musicians, dancers, and related parties in the performance of Ranggawis Dance. The data were analyzed descriptively using a qualitative approach by linking field findings with the applied aesthetic concepts. The results show that the aesthetics of Ranggawis Dance are formed through the harmony of form aspects, including movement, musical elements, and dancer composition; content aspects reflecting values of togetherness and joy within the community; and performance aspects demonstrated through synchronization (rampak) and dancers’ expressions. The dance movements, which combine Banyumasan, Jaipong, and contemporary elements, create a dynamic and harmonious impression, while the use of pentatonic scales strengthens the traditional character. The collaborative creative process between choreographers and musicians also contributes to the overall aesthetic unity of the performance. Therefore, Ranggawis Dance possesses strong aesthetic values, reflects local cultural identity, and has the potential to be further developed as part of traditional art preservation.

This article examines needs analysis and curriculum analysis as the foundational bases for developing effective teaching materials. Using a library research method, this study reviews various scientific journal articles, reference books, and relevant official documents. Needs analysis is a systematic process conducted to identify the gap between students' current conditions and the competencies they are expected to achieve, serving as the most critical stage in determining the direction of teaching material development. Meanwhile, curriculum analysis is carried out to ensure that the teaching materials developed remain aligned with competency standards, learning outcomes, content structure, and applicable educational policies. The integration of both analyses produces teaching materials that are not only contextually relevant to students' real conditions but also consistent with curriculum demands. Systematic steps in this integration including learner characteristic analysis, curriculum document review, material priority mapping, and authentic assessment design significantly contribute to improving the quality, effectiveness, and meaningfulness of learning. This article concludes that needs analysis and curriculum analysis are inseparable and must be conducted systematically before the development of teaching materials begins.

This study examines the use of politeness principles in netizens’ comments on the Instagram account of Prabowo Subianto. The focus of the research is on utterances that reflect the six maxims of politeness proposed by Leech, namely the tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim. This research employed a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. The data were collected through digital documentation, listening, and note-taking techniques from netizens’ comments on Prabowo Subianto’s Instagram post dated April 13, 2026. The findings show that five politeness maxims were identified in the data, namely the tact maxim with 78 utterances, the approbation maxim with 145 utterances, the modesty maxim with 4 utterances, the agreement maxim with 190 utterances, and the sympathy maxim with 33 utterances. Meanwhile, the generosity maxim was not found in the data. These findings indicate that the comments on the post generally express polite, appreciative, and supportive attitudes toward Prabowo Subianto.