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The rapid spread of hoaxes and disinformation in the digital era poses serious challenges to social cohesion, societal stability, and the internalization of moral values, particularly within Muslim communities. The circulation of unverified information has the potential to trigger conflict, polarization, and a decline in public trust. This study aims to explore digital literacy as an ethical and religious instrument in actualizing the Islamic principle of amar ma’ruf nahi munkar in the contemporary digital sphere. Employing a qualitative library research approach, the study examines classical Islamic sources, including the Qur’an and Hadith, alongside contemporary literature on digital communication ethics and digital citizenship. The findings indicate that digital literacy from an Islamic perspective extends beyond technical competence in accessing and disseminating information; it represents a form of moral responsibility (amanah) grounded in honesty (ash-shidq), prudence, and accountability. Practices such as information verification (tabayyun), clarification, and corrective engagement in online spaces are concrete expressions of amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Strengthening ethically grounded digital literacy is therefore essential for fostering a healthy, just, and civilized digital public sphere.  

The rapid spread of hoaxes and disinformation in the digital era poses serious challenges to social cohesion, societal stability, and the internalization of moral values, particularly within Muslim communities. The circulation of unverified information has the potential to trigger conflict, polarization, and a decline in public trust. This study aims to explore digital literacy as an ethical and religious instrument in actualizing the Islamic principle of amar ma’ruf nahi munkar in the contemporary digital sphere. Employing a qualitative library research approach, the study examines classical Islamic sources, including the Qur’an and Hadith, alongside contemporary literature on digital communication ethics and digital citizenship. The findings indicate that digital literacy from an Islamic perspective extends beyond technical competence in accessing and disseminating information; it represents a form of moral responsibility (amanah) grounded in honesty (ash-shidq), prudence, and accountability. Practices such as information verification (tabayyun), clarification, and corrective engagement in online spaces are concrete expressions of amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Strengthening ethically grounded digital literacy is therefore essential for fostering a healthy, just, and civilized digital public sphere.  

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory skin process caused by specific allergens. ACD is classified as Type IV hypersensitivity, which is sensitive to allergens. A 57-year-old woman presented to the Dermatology and Venereology Clinic at Malahayati General Hospital in Bireun with complaints of red patches on her right and left legs and on her right and left elbows for approximately two months. According to the patient, the red patches initially appeared as circular patches with white scales the size of a coin on the elbows, accompanied by itching, which then spread. The itching worsened when the patient sweated, causing her to scratch, which enlarged the lesions and caused red wounds. The skin on the lesions tended to be dry with active edges and a calmer center. The itching improved after bathing. The patient is a housewife. The patient also said that she sweats frequently. According to the patient, the itching is not affected by the food she consumes every day. The patient was given steroid pharmacotherapy, namely 1% hydrocortisone cream, 0.1% mometasone furoate cream, and 10 mg cetirizine tablets once daily.

Dermoid cyst is a benign congenital choristoma frequently found in the periocular region, particularly in children. It results from ectodermal tissue sequestration along embryonic fusion lines. Although generally benign and slow-growing, dermoid cysts may cause cosmetic deformity, mechanical ptosis, or visual disturbance if left untreated. A 4-year-old child presented with a painless, slowly enlarging mass on the upper eyelid that had been noticed since early childhood. Physical examination revealed a well-circumscribed, firm, non-tender mass without signs of inflammation. Visual acuity was within normal limits, and no proptosis was observed. Clinical findings were consistent with a superficial eyelid dermoid cyst. The patient underwent complete surgical excision under general anesthesia. Intraoperatively, the cyst was removed intact without rupture. Histopathological examination confirmed a dermoid cyst characterized by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lining with adnexal skin structures. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with good cosmetic outcome and no recurrence during follow-up. Eyelid dermoid cyst can be diagnosed clinically through careful history taking and physical examination. Complete surgical excision is the definitive treatment and provides excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes. Early management is recommended to prevent potential complications and to achieve optimal results.

An agreement is a fundamental basis in civil law relations because it gives rise to rights and obligations for the parties who bind themselves. For an agreement to be valid, consent must arise from the free will of the parties without any defect of will as regulated in Articles 1320 and 1321 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata). In Indonesian legal practice, apart from classic defects of will such as coercion (dwang), mistake (dwaling), and fraud (bedrog), a modern form of defect of will has also developed, namely abuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden). Abuse of circumstances occurs when one party exploits the weak condition, dependency, or ignorance of the other party to obtain unfair advantage in an agreement. This research formulates the problems of how the concept of defect of will in abuse of circumstances is applied in the jurisprudence of Indonesian contract law and what are the legal consequences of abuse of circumstances in an agreement. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and conceptual approach, as well as related legal literature. The conclusion of this research shows that abuse of circumstances is a modern form of defect of will recognized through doctrine and jurisprudence. The legal consequence is that the agreement can be annulled because the element of free consent is not fulfilled. This legal consequence provides protection for the aggrieved party and confirms that the principle of freedom of contract is not absolute, but is limited by good faith, propriety, and balance.

The use of cosmetics, especially day creams, is increasing along with the high public interest in facial skin care. However, day cream products are still found to potentially contain hydroquinone, a skin whitening agent whose use is restricted because it can cause harmful side effects on skin health. This study aims to identify the presence and determine the levels of hydroquinone in day cream products circulating in District X, Sukoharjo Regency, and to assess their compliance with the regulations of the Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BPOM). This study was a descriptive analytical study using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 15 day cream products were analyzed, consisting of 8 BPOM-registered products and 7 products not registered with BPOM. Qualitative analysis was conducted using color reaction tests with FeCl₃, Benedict’s, and o-phenanthroline reagents. Furthermore, quantitative analysis was performed using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method to accurately and specifically confirm the presence and determine the levels of hydroquinone. The results showed that the color reaction test has limitations in specifically identifying hydroquinone. HPLC confirmation revealed the presence of hydroquinone in several day cream samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.024% to 0.150%. These findings indicate the need for stricter monitoring of day cream distribution to ensure the safety of cosmetic products for the wider public.

Introduction: Maximal oxygen volume (VO2max) is the capability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to muscle mitochondria, which is directly proportional to the level of stamina and is obtained from physical activity. Central obesity, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of visceral fat, can cause decreased stamina, so individuals with central obesity tend to have lower VO2max values. VO2max values can be determined by body composition, such as waist circumference, which is an indicator of central obesity. Methods: This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 54 male respondents with high physical activity jobs who worked as building construction workers in Medan City, North Sumatra Province. Waist circumference measurements were carried out using a measuring tape, while VO2max was assessed using a 6-minute walk test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: A total of 47 respondents (87%) had a normal waist circumference, 31 respondents (57.4%) had a fair VO2max, and 16 respondents (29.6%) had an average VO2max. The analysis showed a significant relationship between waist circumference and VO2max, with a P value of 0.000 (P<0.05) and R = -0.658. Conclusion: There is a strong and significant negative correlation between waist circumference and VO2max. This indicates that a larger waist circumference results in a lower VO2max, and a smaller waist circumference results in a higher VO2max.

Drug abuse among university students is a problem that needs serious attention because it can damage health, reduce academic achievement, and hinder the future of the younger generation. University students are in a phase of self-discovery, making them susceptible to unhealthy environments and social circles. Therefore, comprehensive drug prevention efforts are needed in higher education settings. This article discusses various forms of drug prevention among students through education, character building, and active student involvement in positive activities. The method used is a literature review from various relevant sources. The results of the discussion show that drug prevention can be effective if supported by cooperation between the campus, families, and students. Education about the dangers of drugs, strengthening moral values, and creating a safe and healthy campus environment are important steps in preventing drug abuse. With continuous prevention efforts, it is hoped that students will be able to protect themselves from the influence of drugs and play a role as a healthy, accomplished, and responsible young generation.

Background: Hand grip strength is an essential indicator of physical capacity and nutritional status that can identify obesity risk. Adipose tissue accumulation in central obesity contributes to decreased hand grip strength quality through impaired muscle force transmission. Previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding the relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength, especially in populations with high physical activity. Objective: To analyze the relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength in male construction workers with high physical activity in Medan City. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study with cross-sectional design involved 100 male construction workers aged 30-39 years selected using purposive sampling technique. Waist circumference was measured using measuring tape, while hand grip strength was measured using handgrip dynamometer. Data analysis used Chi-Square test with significance level α=0.05. Results: The majority of respondents had normal waist circumference (64%) with mode 70 cm and normal grip strength category (53%) with mode 41.7 kg. Chi-Square test showed significant relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength (p=0.039). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength in construction workers. High physical activity does not completely prevent central obesity, therefore nutritional management and health education programs are needed for optimization of body composition and muscle functional capacity.

The interactive learning video innovation "Human Blood Circulation" through Edpuzzle, with embedded questions, is designed to address the difficulties faced by fifth-grade elementary school students in understanding abstract biological concepts. Science education in elementary schools often encounters challenges in explaining invisible processes, such as the heart's working mechanism and blood circulation, leading students to struggle with comprehension or merely memorize the material. Conventional learning videos tend to make students passive, necessitating media that can transform the learning process into an active one. Edpuzzle, as an educational platform, allows teachers to insert questions at critical points in the video, requiring students to answer before continuing to watch. This innovation aligns with the cognitive development stage of fifth-grade students, who are in the concrete operational stage.The research objectives include product development, validity and feasibility testing, analysis of conceptual understanding improvement, influence on focus and learning independence, and student responses. Media development refers to Mayer's cognitive theory of multimedia and the characteristics of interactive videos according to Heinich et al. Additionally, media development models such as ADDIE and Dick and Carey are discussed. The main benefits of using Edpuzzle include increasing engagement, facilitating real-time formative assessment, and enhancing learning motivation. However, challenges exist such as technology access, teacher readiness, the risk of technology dependency, and long-term evaluation. The practical implications can support digital learning and the transformation of elementary science education.

Background: Hyperuricemia represents a medical condition marked by elevated concentrations of uric acid within the bloodstream, potentially triggering gout alongside various metabolic disorders. Central obesity has been identified as a contributing factor to rising uric acid concentrations, measurable through waist circumference assessment. Methods: An analytic observational design utilizing a cross-sectional approach was employed in this investigation, encompassing 100 male participants characterized by sedentary lifestyles who were employed as office workers in Medan City, North Sumatra Province. Waist circumference measurements were obtained using a flexible measuring tape, while uric acid concentrations were determined through Point of Care Test (POCT) devices. Statistical evaluation was conducted via the Chi-Square test, applying a significance threshold of 0.05. Results: Among all participants, 64 individuals (64%) exhibited waist circumference measurements indicative of central obesity, whereas 56 individuals (56%) demonstrated hyperuricemic conditions. Statistical evaluation revealed a significant association between waist circumference measurements and uric acid concentrations, evidenced by a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A meaningful correlation exists between waist circumference and uric acid concentrations among males engaged in sedentary occupations.

Motor development in early childhood is a crucial foundation for executive functions and psychosocial health. However, the current sedentary lifestyle and gadget dependency hinder the optimization of this physical potential. This community service aims to enhance children's self-confidence and physical agility through the "Active Movement Exploration: Fun Agility Game" program. The activity was conducted at TK Negeri PAUD Tamalate, Makassar, involving 93 children in the initial observation. The method employed was Guided Modeling-Practice, which includes agility circuit preparation, demonstration, and guided exploration. The game instruments included Zig-Zag Safari, Stop-Go Traffic, Balance River Stones, Ball-to-Target Trail, and Choose-Your-Path. The results showed a significant improvement in Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS), particularly in agility, balance, and manipulative coordination. Additionally, there was progress in psychological aspects, specifically in self-regulation, autonomy, and self-efficacy. In conclusion, the integration of structured yet enjoyable agility games is effective in building a strong physical and character foundation in early childhood.    

Elsheskin is a local skincare brand from Yogyakarta, which is under the auspices of PT Elshe Estetika Nusantara. In October 2024, it was circulated that Elsheskin had overclaimed the content of skincare products, because the retinol content in Elsheskin's retinol rejuvenating night serum product was proven to be inconsistent with laboratory test results. This overclaim case has damaged Elsheskin's image. The purpose of this study is to measure Elsheskin's crisis communication in dealing with the case of overclaiming the content of skincare products, Elsheskin's image after conducting crisis communication and how much influence the crisis communication of the case of overclaiming the content of skincare products has on Elsheskin's image. The theory used is the crisis communication theory (Coombs, 2019) which consists of the pre-crisis stage, the crisis event stage and the post-crisis stage. This study also uses the Image theory (Boulding, 2007) which consists of knowledge, feelings, values ​​and beliefs. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with a survey method and a simple random sampling technique by distributing paper questionnaires to 80 respondents selected according to the characteristics of the study. From the results of calculations and data processing using the SPSS 25 application, namely: a) Elsheskin has carried out crisis communication well in accordance with crisis communication theory. b) Elsheskin has succeeded in restoring its image due to the overclaim case. c) There is an influence of crisis communication in the case of overclaiming skincare product content on Elsheskin's image of 59.2%.

This community service program aims to utilize Balinese orange peel waste into marketable jelly candy in Battu Winangun Village, Lubuk Raja District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. The implementation method included socialization, 2-day practical training, and production mentoring involving 30 participants from women's farmer groups, PKK mothers, and youth youth organizations. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge from 15% to 92% about the economic potential of Balinese orange peel waste, with 85% of participants successfully producing good-quality jelly candy that met the criteria of chewy texture, balanced sweet-sour taste, and attractive bright color. This program successfully processed orange peel waste rich in natural pectin (18-25%) into a functional low-calorie product with a shelf life of 2-4 weeks. The program's impacts included the formation of independent business groups, a 25-30% reduction in organic waste, and increased public awareness of a sustainable circular economy. The final evaluation showed a 90% level of participant satisfaction, with 87% of participants interested in continuing independent production. In conclusion, this program effectively increases the added value of local agricultural products, empowers the community's economy, and creates social transformation toward a self-sufficient and environmentally conscious village.

The increasing demand for electrical energy each year and the high dependence on fossil energy, which has negative environmental impacts, necessitate the development of alternative renewable energy sources. One potential source that can be utilized is mechanical energy from human activities through the application of piezoelectric technology in paving blocks. In addition, studies on the effect of piezoelectric circuit configurations, particularly comparisons between series and parallel circuits in generating electrical power, are still limited. This study employed an experimental method using a piezoelectric paving block prototype, with testing conducted under a static load of 60 kg. The measured parameters included output voltage and current, which were then used to calculate the generated power. The experimental results show that the parallel circuit configuration produced a higher average electrical power of 1.51 mW compared to the series circuit, which generated an average power of 1.37 mW. The increase in power in the parallel configuration was mainly influenced by the higher output current, while the difference in voltage was relatively insignificant. These findings contribute to determining a more optimal circuit configuration for the development of piezoelectric paving blocks as a renewable energy harvesting system based on mechanical pressure.

The concept of force majeure is essential in business agreements in Indonesia, as it regulates the release of contractual obligations that cannot be fulfilled due to events beyond their control such as natural disasters, pandemics, conflicts, or government policies. This study examines force majeure clauses in business agreements in Indonesia from a normative juridical perspective, focusing on the legal framework, its application practices, and its legal implications for contractual certainty. Using normative juridical qualitative methods, data were analyzed from the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) Articles 1244–1245 and 1444–1445, legal doctrine, and literature. The results of the study underlined that the force majeure clause has a strong legal basis in the Civil Code, which exempts the affected party from the obligation of compensation if the failure to perform the obligation is caused by events beyond his control. The application of this clause in the contract allows for the revision, postponement, or termination of a temporary contract, thereby guaranteeing legal certainty and protecting the principles of good faith and contractual fairness. In addition, the formulation of detailed clauses in the contract is crucial to prevent potential legal disputes down the road and ensure fair protection for all parties involved in the business agreement.

This study analyzes the stage identity practices of the dangdut music group Sri Mules as a  cultural branding strategy in Pantura dangdut performances. In contrast to common dangdut performance patterns that position the singer as the primary visual focus, Sri Mules adopts a performative approach that foregrounds accompanying musicians as the main visual actors through the use of unconventional costumes and collective stage actions. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study strategy, this research draws on visual documentation of performances circulated on social media during the group’s active phase (2020–2021), complemented by semi-structured interviews and reflective observations. Data were analyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles and Huberman, informed by performance theory (Schechner) and the concept of cultural branding (Holt). The findings indicate that Sri Mules’ stage identity is constructed and reproduced through consistent visual deviation and collective performativity, functioning as a strategy of symbolic differentiation in the Pantura dangdut performance landscape. This study highlights the role of accompanying musicians as active agents in shaping the visual identity of dangdut performances.

Non-hemorrhagic stroke occurs due to blockage of blood flow to the brain by a thrombus or embolus. The blockage results in focal neurological disorders that affect the musculoskeletal system, namely weakness in the extremities, which gives rise to nursing problems of impaired physical mobility. To overcome the problem of impaired physical mobility, rubber ball grip exercises (ball squeezing) are given. These exercises have been shown to increase muscle strength, prevent joint stiffness, and improve blood circulation. This scientific paper was conducted to determine the description of nursing care for non-hemorrhagic stroke patients with nursing problems of impaired physical mobility. During the meeting, the nurse provided rubber ball grip exercises (ball squeezing) for 10-15 minutes for 3 times in 24 hours. Evaluation of these actions showed that the patient who initially experienced weakness in the upper extremities with muscle strength 2-3 and after being given rubber ball grip exercises (ball squeezing), the problem of impaired physical mobility was resolved, as evidenced by the patient being able to perform therapy, the extremities feeling slightly lighter, and muscle strength 4. Therefore, it is recommended that non-hemorrhagic stroke patients be given rubber ball grip exercises (ball squeezing) to overcome impaired physical mobility.

The growing pressure on urban drainage systems caused by blockages and environmental pollution highlights the importance of developing sustainable filtration materials. This study explores the use of coffee waste as an environmentally friendly filler integrated into polyester fabric (PE 24S) to create a green filtration medium for drainage applications. The research focuses on developing and characterizing the composite material through macro-photographic morphology analysis, tensile strength testing, and antibacterial evaluation. The findings demonstrate that polyester fabric modified with coffee waste shows a tensile strength of 54.024 ± 5.498 MPa, elongation of 111.128 ± 6.915%, and a Young’s modulus of 0.486 ± 0.543 MPa, indicating improved flexibility and sufficient mechanical durability for drainage system use. Additionally, antibacterial testing reveals that the composite material can inhibit microbial growth due to the presence of natural bioactive compounds found in coffee waste. Overall, the results suggest that coffee waste–enhanced polyester fabric offers a sustainable and mechanically reliable alternative for environmentally friendly drainage infrastructure while supporting circular economy practices.

This research is motivated by the importance of studying pronouns in literary works because pronouns play a role in building cohesion and the meaning of stories. This research aims to describe the form and function of pronouns in the short stories Thank You for Today, Sad Stories on Sunday 4.0, and Uncle Gordi by Yoga Zen in the digital media of Ruang Sastra. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a morphological approach. The data source was in the form of three short stories by Yoga Zen, while the research data was in the form of words containing pronouns. The data collection technique is carried out through reading, listening, and recording techniques. The results of the study showed the existence of persona pronouns, pointer pronouns, and questioner pronouns. Persona pronouns include first, second, and third personas in the singular or plural. Pointer pronouns include general pointers, places, and concerns, while questioner pronouns include questioners people, causes, places, and circumstances. The use of pronouns in the three short stories serves to build story cohesion, strengthen the storytelling point of view, and describe the psychological condition of the characters.