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Preterm infants have suction and swallowing reflexes that are not well coordinated so that they are prone to aspiration which is characterized by a decrease in oxygen saturation during breastfeeding. Breastfeeding can be given using OGT until the baby has the full ability to switch to Direct Breastfeeding and Cup Feeding. This study used quantitative approach method with quasi experimental research design with two-group pre-test post-test control group design. Data collection was done by direct observation. The research sample amounted to 22 respondents with 11 babies in each group using consecutive sampling. Data were tested using Paired t-test and the test of differences between groups using Unpaired t-test. The results showed a significant effect between direct breastfeeding and cup feeding in premature infants (p value = 0.018; p value = 0.034). And there is no significant difference between breastfeeding through the two methods on oxygen saturation in premature babies (p value = 0.590). In conclusion, this study found that direct breastfeeding is more recommended because it has a higher impact on the oxygen saturation value of preterm infants than cup feeding. Although both have a positive effect on infant oral motor skills in preterm infants

Stunting adalah kondisi di mana balita memiliki tinggi atau panjang badan yang kurang dibandingkan dengan anak seusianya. Masalah gizi kronis menjadi faktor utama penyebab stunting, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai aspek, termasuk status sosial ekonomi, gizi ibu selama kehamilan, kesehatan bayi, dan kurangnya asupan gizi yang memadai. Akibatnya, di masa depan, anak-anak yang mengalami stunting berisiko mengalami kesulitan dalam mencapai perkembangan fisik dan kognitif yang optimal.Berbagai masalah kesehatan pada ibu yang memiliki balita dapat dicegah melalui upaya promosi kesehatan. Promosi kesehatan dirancang untuk memfasilitasi perubahan perilaku individu serta menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung kesehatan. Metode promosi kesehatan merupakan salah satu sarana dalam pendidikan kesehatan, yang perlu dipertimbangkan dengan cermat, memperhatikan materi, kondisi sasaran (termasuk aspek sosial budaya), serta faktor-faktor lain yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan komunikasi, seperti ruang dan waktu.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keefektivitasan metode promosi kesehatan dalam penanganan stunting. Studi ini menggunakan metode literatur tinjauan data yang diperoleh dari sumber data sekunder. Referensi yang dikumpulkan dari database elektronik, yaitu Google Cendekia untuk periode 2021-2024. Dari artikel yang telah dikumpulkan, setiap metode promosi Kesehatan memiliki focus yang berbeda-beda seperti metode ceramah, demonstrasi, peer education, Simulation Game dan health education. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa efektivitas metode promosi Kesehatan dalam penanganan stunting dapat  meningkatkan pengetahuan pengetahuan ibu yang memiliki Balita.

Stunting adalah kondisi di mana balita memiliki tinggi atau panjang badan yang kurang dibandingkan dengan anak seusianya. Masalah gizi kronis menjadi faktor utama penyebab stunting, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai aspek, termasuk status sosial ekonomi, gizi ibu selama kehamilan, kesehatan bayi, dan kurangnya asupan gizi yang memadai. Akibatnya, di masa depan, anak-anak yang mengalami stunting berisiko mengalami kesulitan dalam mencapai perkembangan fisik dan kognitif yang optimal.Berbagai masalah kesehatan pada ibu yang memiliki balita dapat dicegah melalui upaya promosi kesehatan. Promosi kesehatan dirancang untuk memfasilitasi perubahan perilaku individu serta menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung kesehatan. Metode promosi kesehatan merupakan salah satu sarana dalam pendidikan kesehatan, yang perlu dipertimbangkan dengan cermat, memperhatikan materi, kondisi sasaran (termasuk aspek sosial budaya), serta faktor-faktor lain yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan komunikasi, seperti ruang dan waktu.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keefektivitasan metode promosi kesehatan dalam penanganan stunting. Studi ini menggunakan metode literatur tinjauan data yang diperoleh dari sumber data sekunder. Referensi yang dikumpulkan dari database elektronik, yaitu Google Cendekia untuk periode 2021-2024. Dari artikel yang telah dikumpulkan, setiap metode promosi Kesehatan memiliki focus yang berbeda-beda seperti metode ceramah, demonstrasi, peer education, Simulation Game dan health education. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa efektivitas metode promosi Kesehatan dalam penanganan stunting dapat  meningkatkan pengetahuan pengetahuan ibu yang memiliki Balita.

Globally, at least 100 million girls are at risk of female circumcision each year or almost 6,000 children every day. Female circumcision in Indonesia is generally based on traditions or cultures that are passed down from generation to generation. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Peer Education Model on the level of knowledge of mothers and babies about the practice of Female Genital Mutilation. The research method is Quasi Experiment with one group pretest and posttest without control design. The sample size is 50 people according to the inclusion criteria. data with the T statistical test (paired t test). Research results The level of knowledge of the intervention group before the intervention Most have poor knowledge of 12 respondents (48%) and After the intervention, almost Most have good knowledge of 17 respondents (68%). The level of knowledge of the control group before the intervention Most have poor knowledge of 14 respondents (56%) and after the intervention Most have poor knowledge of 14 respondents (56%). It is expected that health workers provide health education and always carry out monitoring and evaluation at the Health Center or other health service centers to conduct continuous home visits.

Exclusive breastfeeding is the primary and best source of nutrition for infants. The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommends exclusive breastfeeding due to its numerous benefits for infant growth, particularly during the first six months of life. However, the significance of breastfeeding is often not conveyed effectively to nursing mothers, resulting in many failing to exclusively breastfeed their babies and opting instead for formula milk or other types of food. One reason for this failure is the lack of information provided to mothers, which weakens their motivation to consistently provide exclusive breastfeeding to their babies aged 0-6 months. To address this issue, a counseling session was conducted in Sayar Subdistrict, Serang City, with 15 participants. The session employed a pre-test and post-test method using a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions to measure the participants' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. The assessment was divided into three categories: good knowledge, adequate knowledge, and poor knowledge. The pre-test results showed that 13% of participants had good knowledge, 20% had adequate knowledge, and 67% had poor knowledge. After the counseling session, the results improved significantly, with 87% of participants categorized as having good knowledge, 13% with adequate knowledge, and none in the poor knowledge category. With this improved understanding of exclusive breastfeeding, it is hoped that the participants will be able to implement exclusive breastfeeding for their babies.

This study aims to find out and analyze the legal basis for considering the regulation of fine sanctions of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the health of mothers, infants and children under five and to find out and assess the effectiveness of the enforcement of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mother, Infants and Children under five through the regulation of fine sanctions. This type of research is empirical normative research using interviews and data analysis methods that are carried out qualitatively. In this study, the author uses a type of empirical normative research or legal research that examines written law from the aspects of theory, history, philosophy, comparison, structure and composition, scope and material, general explanation of article by article, formality and binding force of a law but not binding aspects of its application or implementation. The results of the study show the legal basis for considering the regulation of fine sanctions in Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the health of mothers, infants and children under five, because there are still incidents of childbirth outside health facilities in the working area of the Bakunase Health Center which can be at risk of maternal and infant mortality rates. This happens because there are still pregnant women who give birth at home because of impromptu childbirth so that childbirth does not occur in health facilities but outside health facilities or at home and childbirth is still helped by birth attendants. The risk of maternal and infant mortality can still occur. The effectiveness of the enforcement of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mothers, Infants and Children Under Five through the regulation of fine sanctions in the working area of the Bakunase Health Center has been effective for health workers. For the public, there are still many who do not know about the Regulation of the Mayor of Kupang Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mothers, Babies and Children under five so that there are still incidents of childbirth outside health facilities and childbirth assisted by shamans. Knowledge about childbirth, attitudes and family support in this study also has an important role in determining mothers to have a safe delivery. It is suggested that new regional regulations need to be socialized to the community so that existing regulations can run effectively. An obedient society is also a basic thing so that regulations can run effectively.

Baby massage is very useful in optimizing the growth and development of babies/children, including increasing food absorption so that babies get hungry faster and babies will breastfeed more often from their mothers, thereby increasing the baby's weight. The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of baby massage on weight gain in babies. The method used is Pre Experiment with pretest and posttest control group design. The sample in this study were 30 newborn babies at Bhayangkara Hospital, Banjarmasin. The sampling technique in this research is non-probability sampling, namely purposeve sampling. Baby massage was given for 7 days to increase the baby's weight before and after treatment analyzed using the Wilcoxαon Test. The research location was carried out at Bhayangkara Hospital. The research time was 3 months in July – September 2024. The results obtained were P value = 0.000 (α < 0.05 ) which means there is a difference in body weight before and after the massage intervention. The conclusion is that there is an effect of baby massage on weight gain in babies.

Children with low birth weight have a higher risk of death in the first month of life, experience growth disorders, developmental delays, lower IQ levels, and increase the risk of developing degenerative diseases in old age. This study aims to determine the relationship between ANC visit and the incidence of LBW in Babakan Madang District, Bogor Regency in 2019. The research design used was cross-sectional. This study used secondary data obtained from the PITTA B umbrella research in 2019. The results showed that 5.8% of children experienced LBW in Babakan Madang District in 2019. The proportion of LBW incidence was greater in mothers who did not had an ANC visit (11.6%) compared to mothers who had an ANC visit. (5.6%). The results of the chi-square analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between ANC visit and the incidence of LBW (p = 0.277). The researcher suggested that the Bogor Regency Health Office be able to improve LBW prevention interventions, such as improving the quality of antenatal care, and educating pregnant women about the importance of antenatal care.

Exclusive breastfeeding plays an important role in the growth and development of infants. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, followed by complementary foods (MPASI). However, many mothers do not provide exclusive breastfeeding, which can affect the growth and development of infants in old age. This study aims to analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the growth and development of infants aged 7-12 months.This study uses a quantitative research type using Retrospective research. The design of this study was carried out with a cross-sectional approach, the sample in the study was 62 people using the Random Sampling System. The data collected in the study were primary data, namely data obtained directly from respondents. The data analysis used was Chi Square. Exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 7-12 months is mostly given exclusive breastfeeding (56.6%), growth in infants aged 7-12 months is mostly fat (37.1%), development in infants aged 7-12 months is mostly normal (54.8%), there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infants aged 7-12 months with a p-value of 0.000, there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and development in infants aged 7-12 months with a p-value of 0.000. So Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted which means there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and development in infants aged 7-12 months. For further researchers, it is expected to be able to conduct further research by developing other variables in order to get better results.

Breastfeeding (ASI) and complementary feeding (MP-ASI) are determinants of a baby's growth and development starting from the period 0 days or the day after birth until the age of 2 years. Providing nutritional intake that is less than required can cause long-term growth and development in children, which is permanent and difficult to repair. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and MP-ASI with the growth and development of babies aged 6–12 months in the Harapan Baru Community Health Center Working Area, Samarinda City. Type of quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The location of this research was carried out at the Posyandu in the Working Area of the Harapan Baru Community Health Center, Samarinda City. The sample in this study was mothers of babies 6-12 months with 84 respondents. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis technique uses the Spearman correlation non-parametric statistical test. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between giving exclusive breastfeeding and the growth of babies aged 6-12 months (p=0.00), there was a relationship between giving breast milk and the development of babies aged 6-12 months (p=0.021), there was a relationship between giving MP-ASI and growth babies 6-12 months (p=0.022), and there is a relationship between giving MP-ASI and the development of babies 6-12 months (p=0.042). Increasing the provision of appropriate breast milk and MP-ASI is very important to achieve optimal growth and development of babies.  

Nutrition is an indicator of the successful growth and development of babies and toddlers. Thus, nutritional needs must be met to achieve this success. Fulfillment of nutrition begins when the baby is in the womb, then exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life and continued with complementary breastfeeding (MP-ASI).  The aim of providing MP-ASI is to maintain the nutritional status of infants and toddlers. By providing proper MP-ASI, the growth and development of babies and toddlers will be optimal. Mothers have an important role in preparing and serving the right MP-ASI for their babies. In particular, the mother's knowledge has a big influence on the mindset and caring attitude towards the success of providing appropriate MP-ASI. (Cindy, 2023) The aim of this community service activity is to increase mothers' knowledge about providing complementary breast milk (MP-ASI) in Alue Sentang Village, Kec. Birem Bayeun District. East Aceh. The method used in this activity is the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, which is an approach to learning in solving problems and meeting the practical needs of society, as well as the production of knowledge. The results obtained from this activity are an increase in mothers' knowledge about giving complementary foods to breast milk. so that it is hoped that the knowledge gained can be realized in everyday life.

The tradition of planting Tembuni (ari-ari) and preserving babies in Lampung culture is a form of local wisdom that still survives today, with a deep symbolic meaning as a hope for safety and happiness for newborn babies. This research aims to understand the meaning, spiritual values ​​and symbolism in the procession of planting tembuni and baby salvation. Qualitative research methods with an ethnographic approach were used through in-depth interviews with the community, traditional leaders and traditional birth attendants, as well as direct observation and literature review. The results of the research show that this tradition has a spiritual meaning that reflects a harmonious relationship with ancestors and nature, and is believed to have a positive influence on the baby's character as it is hoped that he will be a child who is respectful, not fussy, and has good luck in life. It can be concluded that this tradition not only contains spiritual and moral values, but also functions as social learning that strengthens the cultural identity and togetherness of the ultramodern Lampung community.

The primary causes of mortality among infants are diarrhea and pneumonia. But, more than 50% of the cases were caused by malnutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding (6 months to 2 years) and providing complementary nutritious food have proven to be effective interventions in reducing the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). This study aims to analyze maternal barriers to exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months in Montasik Public Health Center, Aceh Besar. This study used an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The population was 147 women. 60 respondents were chosen as the sample using a proportional random sampling technique. It was conducted on May 2nd–18th, 2024. The analysis uses univariate and bivariate Chi-square tests. The results showed that of 60 respondents, most of them provided non-exclusive breastfeeding for 34 respondents (56,7%), early adulthood for 32 respondents (53,3%), middle-class education level for 24 respondents (40%), self-employed for 33 respondents (55%), had sufficient knowledge of breastfeeding as 24 respondents (40%), and did not have a supportive workplace in giving exclusive breastfeeding as 34 respondents (56,7%). In conclusion, there is a correlation between age, education level, work status, knowledge, and environment towards exclusive breastfeeding. It is expected that the community health center will conduct socialization regarding exclusive breastfeeding by holding antenatal classes for a better understanding of exclusive breastfeeding.

Asuhan masa nifas pada ibu bayi setelah melahirkan membutuhkan perawatan khusus yang ditentukan berdasarkan adanya komplikasi pada masa nifas, tingkat pendidikan ibu, maupun pekerjaan ibu nifas. Tanda bahaya masa nifas merupakan suatu tanda abnormal yang mengindikasikan adanya bahaya atau komplikasi yang dapat terjadi selama masa nifas, apabila tidak dilaporkan atau tidak terdeteksi bisa menyebabkan kematian ibu. Pemberin KIE tentang tanda bahaya masa nifas bertujuan memberikan edukasi kepada ibu nifas sehingga ibu nifas dapat segera memeriksakan diri ke fasilitas kesehatan jika mengalami salah satu tanda bahaya nifas tersebut.Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Desa Harjosari Kidul diikuti oleh 15 ibu nifas. Setelah diberikan KIE tentang tanda bahaya ibu nifas  didapatkan evaluasi bahwa ibu nifas sudah mengetahui dan memahami apa saja yang termasuk tanda bahaya ibu nifas beserta  tanda dan gejalanya dan bersedia untuk ke tenaga kesehatan jika mengalaminya.

Penelitian ini menganalisis distribusi dan perubahan Total Fertility Rate (TFR) dan Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) di Kalimantan Tengah selama 2020-2025 berdasarkan data proyeksi SP2020. Hasilnya menunjukkan penurunan rata-rata TFR dari 2.29 menjadi 2.23, dan IMR dari 18.02 menjadi 15.91, mencerminkan keberhasilan program keluarga berencana dan layanan kesehatan. Variasi TFR antar kabupaten/kota relatif kecil, sementara IMR menunjukkan ketimpangan yang lebih besar, dengan beberapa wilayah seperti Kotawaringin Timur dan Barito Timur mencatat penurunan signifikan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan layanan kesehatan di wilayah dengan IMR tinggi, penguatan program keluarga berencana, dan monitoring berbasis data untuk memastikan pemerataan pembangunan kesehatan.

Based on the record owned by the cadre, there are currently 97 babies and toddlers. However, the attendance rate of mothers and toddlers at the Mawar Indah Posyandu  (integrated health service post) averages only 35% each month. This low attendance rate attracted researchers to initiate a community counseling program with goals to increase awareness and participation among mothers of infants and toddlers in the area.  The approach to community empowerment adopted in this study is centered on a public health education campaign, highlighting the critical role of Posyandu in supporting the growth and development of infants and toddlers. The initiative included key steps starting with presenting the benefits of Posyandu for children's growth and developments, engaging participants in a discussion session, and providing door prizes as incentives. The result of the outreach program is attended by 28 mothers along with their children. However, at this level of attendance achieved an average at 28.8%, falling short of the defined success indicators and lower than the previous rate. This outcome was influenced by several factors as outlined in H.L. Bloom’s theory, including environmental factors, individual behavior, healthcare services, and genetic predispositions. The findings indicate that despite efforts to increase awareness and participation, the involvement of mothers with infants and toddlers in the area remains insufficient. Contributing factors include environmental, behavioral, and healthcare service factors. To achieve more optimal results, improvements in these aspects are essential to increase maternal participation in Posyandu programs.

According to the United Nations Childrens Funds and the World Health Organization, children should only be breastfed for six months and solid foods given after the child is six months old and continue to be breastfed until the child is two years old. According to WHO, the data on exclusive breastfeeding globally has not increased significantly, namely around 44% of babies aged 0 to 6 months worldwide who received exclusive breastfeeding during the period 2015 to 2018 from 50% of the breastfeeding target (WHO, 2019). Based on the results of interviews with 15 mothers of toddlers, 7 of them said that their children were not given exclusive breast milk due to the lack of milk production so that their babies quickly starved and fussy. 5 mothers of toddlers said that the 3-month-old child could have been given complementary foods for breast milk and 3 other mothers of toddlers said that the heavy workload that made the breastfeeding mother had given MP-ASI from an early age. The general purpose of this study is to see the relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 6 – 12 months in the working area of the Namrole Health Center, South Buru Regency. This study is an analytical observational research using a cross sectional approach. The results of the chi-square test showed that there was a good relationship between the mother's knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in toddlers with a p value = 0.000. because the p value < 0.005 thus H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, so there is a good relationship between maternal knowledge and the provision of Exclusive Breastfeeding to toddlers in the working area of the Namrole care center. Knowledge Most of the mothers of babies are in the poor category, which is 56.9%, most of the mothers of babies do not give exclusive breastfeeding, which is 69%, There is a clear relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding in the work area of the Namrole Health Center.

This community service program is designed to enhance mothers' capacity to prevent infections in infants and toddlers in Sumber Kokap Village, Bondowoso Regency, which faces limited access to health information and services. Utilizing a community-based participatory approach, the program involves mothers, health volunteers, and community leaders in educational activities that include needs assessments, group discussions, and training on hygiene practices and early infection detection. Findings indicate a significant improvement in mothers' understanding of the importance of infection prevention, as well as strengthened community support for implementing preventive health practices. This intervention is expected to contribute to a reduction in maternal and neonatal infection incidence and serve as a model for health empowerment in rural communities.

This article discusses the advancement of reproductive technology, especially in vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogate motherhood, and their legal, ethical, and religious implications. IVF and surrogate motherhood are technologies that offer solutions for couples facing infertility problems, but also pose major challenges in social and moral aspects. This article uses a descriptive approach to analyze various perspectives related to these practices, including the Islamic view that tends to allow IVF with certain conditions, but rejects surrogate motherhood. This study finds that although reproductive technology offers new hope, it is important to adjust regulations by considering legal, medical, and religious values ​​so that this technology can be applied wisely and humanely.

Background: Infants aged 2 months have begun to learn body movements in the form of gross motor skills. Starting with kicking movements, straightening the hands of sideways movements and then on the stomach until at the age of 1 year the baby can walk independently. Gross motor can develop faster and better when there is stimulus from the surrounding environment. Baby gym can provide a stimulus for gross motor development. Baby gym exercises done with the person closest to the baby will be better for the baby's emotional security. Objective: Providing counseling and practice in mother and baby classes at the kendalsari health center makes mothers who have babies under 1 year old and who will have a baby can apply it at home to train their children's gross motor skills. Methods: the method used in this counseling is to provide leaflets and then education and practice. Giving some questions on the pretest and postest to find out the picture of knowledge in mothers. Results: from this activity an increased understanding of baby gym procedures and their benefits was obtained.