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This study aims to analyze the effect of asset growth, capital structure, and asset structure on the profitability of PT Astra Graphia Tbk during the period 2016–2023. The research employs a quantitative approach with a causal research design using secondary data derived from the company’s quarterly financial statements. A total of 32 quarterly observations were selected through purposive sampling. Profitability is measured using Return on Equity (ROE), while data analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression. Prior to hypothesis testing, classical assumption tests including normality, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation tests were performed to ensure the robustness of the regression model. The results indicate that asset growth, capital structure, and asset structure simultaneously have a significant effect on firm profitability. However, partially, only asset structure has a significant effect on profitability, while asset growth and capital structure show no significant influence. These findings suggest that efficient asset composition plays a more critical role in improving profitability than mere asset expansion or increased leverage. The managerial implication of this study highlights the importance of optimizing asset structure to enhance the firm’s ability to generate sustainable profits.

This study examines how changes in company value are affected by profitability, liquidity, and asset structure using a case study of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk from 2017 to 2024. The Fixed Asset Ratio (FAR), which serves as a proxy for asset structure, the Return on Assets (ROA), which measures profitability, and the Current Ratio (CR), which measures liquidity, are the independent variables in the Price to Book Value (PBV) ratio. The study data came from BCA's public annual financial reports, and SPSS software was used to do multiple linear regression analysis. The findings demonstrate that changes in firm valuation are significantly positively impacted by profitability, suggesting that improved profit performance fosters favorable investor attitudes. On the other hand, throughout the observation period, changes in the company's value are not significantly impacted by liquidity or asset structure. This result is consistent with some earlier research, although it varies in the area of liquidity's impact, indicating a lack of consistency among investigations. Practically speaking, banking management may utilize the study's findings to develop financial plans that emphasize boosting profitability in order to optimize business value. Academically, this study adds to the body of knowledge on the elements that influence corporate value, particularly in the Indonesian banking sector, and addresses the present research gap on the impact of liquidity and asset structure.

This study aims to identify the influence of profitability, liquidity, and asset structure on the capital structure of pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2023 period. The study spanned five years, from 2019 to 2023. Of the total 15 companies in the population, 7 companies were selected as samples using a purposive sampling method. The research data were sourced from annual financial reports accessed through the official IDX website. Data processing was carried out using multiple linear regression methods. Capital structure was measured using two indicators: the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and the Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR). The analysis results showed that profitability had no effect on these two capital structure indicators. Conversely, liquidity and asset structure were shown to influence both DER and DAR. This study provides insight into the factors influencing debt financing decisions in pharmaceutical companies and their implications for the company's financial stability.

This study aims to see the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Assets (ROA) on Stock Price in PT. Wilmar Cahaya Indonesia, Tbk which is listed on the IDX during the period 2015–2022. The data used in this study is in the form of the company's annual financial statements obtained through secondary sources. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis methods, while data processing is carried out using the SPSS application. The results of the study show that partially the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) variable has a negative effect on the Share Price, while the Return on Assets (ROA) does not have a positive effect on the company's Share Price. However, the results of the simultaneous test show that DER and ROA together have a positive and significant influence on the Stock Price. These findings provide an idea that the combination of capital structure and profitability remains an important indicator in assessing the performance of a company's shares even though their partial relationships show different tendencies. In addition, this research can be a reference for investors in considering the company's fundamental condition before making investment decisions, as well as provide additional insights for management in managing the capital structure more optimally.

This study aims to examine the influence of capital structure and liquidity on the profitability of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. Capital structure is represented by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), while liquidity is measured using the Current Ratio (CR). Profitability is assessed through Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). This research employs a quantitative approach with a causality design and uses multiple linear regression as the analytical method. The sample consists of three manufacturing companies—PT Chandra Asri Pacific Tbk (TPIA), PT Aneka Tambang Tbk (ANTM), and PT Gudang Garam Tbk (GGRM)—selected through purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. Prior to hypothesis testing, classical assumption tests including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation were conducted, and all variables met the requirements for regression analysis. The findings reveal that DER has a negative and significant effect on both ROA and ROE, indicating that higher leverage reduces the company’s ability to generate profits. Conversely, CR has a positive and significant effect on profitability, suggesting that companies with stronger liquidity positions are more capable of sustaining operational activities and improving financial performance. The F-test results show that DER and CR simultaneously have a significant influence on profitability. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination demonstrates that more than half of the variation in profitability can be explained by the two independent variables. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of maintaining an optimal balance between debt utilization and liquidity management. Effective capital structure policies and sufficient liquidity levels are essential for enhancing profitability and ensuring financial stability within the manufacturing industry. These findings provide valuable implications for corporate decision-makers, investors, and stakeholders in formulating financial strategies that support long-term performan.  

This community service program was implemented to address the problem of the low quality of students' Quran reading at TPQ Al-Litfilah Nur, Situhiang Village, which was caused by the lack of implementation of a structured and sustainable tahsin learning method. This activity aims to improve students' Quran reading skills through training and mentoring using the Tilawati method combined with the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, so that the potential and resources of the community can be optimized. The program was implemented in stages, including mapping the initial conditions of students' and teachers' abilities, training TPQ teachers on the principles and techniques of the Tilawati method, mentoring the learning process in a classical and individual manner, and evaluating the development of students' reading skills. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in the accuracy of makhraj, the application of basic tajwid, and the fluency of students' Quran reading. In addition, TPQ teachers experienced an increase in pedagogical competence and were able to apply the Tilawati method independently in teaching and learning activities. These findings indicate that strengthening community assets through targeted and participatory training can create meaningful and sustainable changes in improving the quality of Qur'an learning at the TPQ level.

This study focuses on the role of auditing in improving the credibility and reliability of financial statements, particularly through the examination of cash and cash equivalents, which are the most liquid assets and also the most vulnerable to errors and fraud. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of financial statement users, including investors, financial analysts, consultants, academics and accounting practitioners, as well as accounting students, about the function of cash and cash equivalents audit reports in improving business quality. This study found that comprehensive and independent cash and cash equivalent audits can increase user confidence in the transparency, accountability, and reputation of companies. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with eight informants in Jakarta, Bogor, and Depok. The results show that three main factors influence financial statement users' perceptions of audit quality: auditor credibility, audit process independence, and the audit's ability to demonstrate good corporate governance. According to the results of this study, cash audits are very important as a measure of management integrity and a tool for assessing company quality. The study is also expected to help auditors and management improve audit practices that are clearer, more independent, and focused on the needs of financial statement users.

This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity and solvency ratios on the profitability of PT GoTo Go-Jek Tokopedia Tbk. The liquidity ratio in this study is measured using the Current Ratio (CR), while the solvency ratio uses the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR). The research data includes the 2018–2020 financial statements of PT Tokopedia Tbk and the years 2021–2023 after the company transformed into PT GoTo Go-Jek Tokopedia Tbk. The research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data from the company's annual financial statements. The results show that the company's liquidity ratio fluctuates in the range of 1.55–3.14, while the DER is in the range of 0.12–0.42 and the DAR is between 0.17–0.34. The results of the simultaneous test showed the value of sig. The F Change of 0.003 < 0.05 indicates that CR, DER, and DAR have a less significant correlation relationship with Return on Assets (ROA). A determination coefficient value of 0.382 showed that 38.2% of the ROA variables were influenced by CR and DAR, while the remaining 67.8% were explained by other factors outside the model. Overall, the research findings confirm the importance of efficient debt management and optimization of capital structure to increase the company's long-term profitability.

This study explores how resource-constrained small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia’s advertising sector adapt digital transformation strategies to achieve sustainable development. Using the case of Roxy Maharewa, an SME in Makassar–Gowa, the research examines strategic trade-offs between investing in advanced digital platforms and operationally transformative physical assets. Guided by the Resource-Based View, Strategic Trade-off Theory, and Contingency Theory, this qualitative case study employs semi-structured interviews with key decision-makers. Findings reveal that prioritizing high-capacity production equipment eliminated structural cost disadvantages from outsourced printing, enabling twice to fourth times potential profit margin gains and strengthening market competitiveness. Rather than adopting a fully digital-first approach, the firm employed a hybrid strategy leveraging low-cost digital tools for internal efficiency while maintaining offline relationship management to align with client preferences and infrastructural realities. This asset-led hybrid model demonstrates how SMEs in emerging markets can integrate selective digital adoption with tangible investments to achieve both rapid returns and long-term sustainability. The paper contributes to the discourse on digital transformation by providing a context-sensitive perspective for policymakers and practitioners, emphasizing that in heterogeneous digital readiness environments, blended strategies can deliver superior economic and social.

This research seeks to examine the impact of liquidity, Net Interest Margin (NIM), and capital structure on the profitability of banking companies traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the years 2022–2024. The method of research employed is quantitative, utilizing multiple linear regression approach derived from secondary information found in company financial reports. The research sample consisted of 24 banking firms consisting of a total of 70 data points. The findings of the analysis indicate that Net Interest Margin has a meaningful and positive impact on profitability, while liquidity and capital structure do not produce a notable impact. These results suggest that the efficiency of managing productive assets and net interest income are the main factors in increasing bank profitability, while liquidity management and capital composition have not contributed significantly to profit growth. This study has important implications for bank management to optimize NIM as the main strategy for improving financial performance, as well as for regulators and stakeholders in conducting evaluations and decision-making. This study also suggests expanding the variables and research period in the to acquire a more thorough insight into the factors that affect the profitability of banking companies.

This research aims to analyze the effect of leverage, liquidity, and sales growth on profitability in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2024 period. The study used a purposive sampling method with 69 companies and 276 observation data. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression through SPSS version 26 after classical assumption tests. The results show that leverage (Debt to Equity Ratio) has a negative effect on profitability, while leverage (Debt to Asset Ratio) has no effect. Liquidity measured by the Current Ratio has a positive effect, while the Quick Ratio has no effect on profitability. Sales growth positively affects profitability. Simultaneously, leverage, liquidity, and sales growth significantly influence profitability (Return on Assets) in food and beverage companies. These findings imply that companies should maintain an optimal capital structure and liquidity level to sustain profitability amid competition in the food and beverage sector.

This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, liquidity, and asset structure on the capital structure of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period, with firm size as a moderating variable. The research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from financial statements. The sample was determined through a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 27 banking companies that met the criteria. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results reveal that profitability has a negative and significant effect on capital structure, indicating that banks with higher profitability tend to reduce their dependence on external financing. In contrast, liquidity and asset structure do not have a significant effect on capital structure, suggesting that these factors are less influential in determining debt policy within the banking sector. Furthermore, the MRA results demonstrate that firm size moderates the relationship between profitability and capital structure, implying that larger firms can better manage internal funds to reduce leverage. However, firm size does not moderate the effects of liquidity and asset structure on capital structure. These findings contribute to understanding capital structure determinants in the Indonesian banking industry.

This study aims to examine the effect of Leverage and capital intensity on tax avoidance with independent commissioners as a moderating variable in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Tax avoidance practices in this sector are considered relatively high due to the complexity of fixed asset management and financing structures. The study applies a quantitative approach with an associative method and purposive sampling, resulting in 21 companies as the final sample with a total of 105 observations during the 2020–2024 period. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS version 25. The results show that leverage has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance, indicating that a higher level of debt usage increases the likelihood of tax avoidance through interest expenses. Capital intensity also has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance, as higher investment in fixed assets provides opportunities for firms to utilize depreciation expenses in reducing taxable income. The moderating test reveals that independent commissioners do not moderate the relationship between leverage and tax avoidance but significantly moderate the relationship between capital intensity and tax avoidance in a negative direction, thereby weakening the effect. These findings highlight the importance of corporate governance mechanisms through the presence of independent commissioners in mitigating tax avoidance, although their effectiveness remains limited to specific aspects. This study contributes empirically to the taxation and corporate governance literature and provides recommendations for regulators and tax authorities in strengthening tax compliance monitoring in the property sector.

This thesis examines the management of waqf empowerment at Yayasan Pemberdayaan Insan Mandiri (YAPIM) in Ciledug, Tangerang. The focus is to understand how waqf empowerment is implemented and to identify both supporting and inhibiting factors. The aim is to see how waqf management contributes to community welfare and what challenges are faced in practice. The research uses a qualitative approach with structured interviews involving ten informants, including YAPIM’s management and local community leaders, supported by observation and documentation. Findings show that YAPIM has developed a cash waqf program to acquire land for community needs. The land is utilized to build dormitories for orphans and underprivileged groups, showing the social value of waqf. At present, waqf empowerment remains in the developmental stage due to the lack of a dedicated institution managing waqf assets. Its use focuses on education and the economy, though obstacles include limited organizational capacity and public hesitation. To ensure sustainability, the study recommends training for nazhir (waqf managers) to improve professionalism and strengthen waqf management.    

This community service activity aims to improve the quality of students' reading of the Qur'an through the application of the Tilawati method with an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach at TPQ Roudhatul Jannah, Sindangkerta Village, Pagelaran District, Cianjur Regency. TPQ previously did not have a structured tahsin learning method so that students' abilities developed unevenly. The implementation of the program is carried out through five stages of ABCD: discovery, dream, design, define & deliver, and destiny. Activities start from identifying community assets, compiling common expectations, training planning, implementing classical and individual Tilawati learning, to evaluating the sustainability of the program through munaqosah. The results showed an increase in the ability of students in the aspects of tajweed, makhraj, and fluency in reading. TPQ teachers are also able to master the Tilawati method so that learning can continue independently after the program is completed. In addition, this activity strengthens collaboration between the community, teachers, and volunteers in creating a more effective learning environment. This program proves that the empowerment of community assets and the application of the Tilawati method are able to improve the quality of tahsin of students while strengthening the sustainability of community-based Qur'an learning.

This study examines the influence of financial factors on the capital structure of basic chemical manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. The sample selection method used is purposive sampling, with specific criteria resulting in a sample of 51 companies and a total of 255 data points. After data processing, 80 outliers were identified, reducing the final sample to 175 company data points. This research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25. The findings reveal that profitability, asset structure, company size, and business risk have a significant impact on capital structure. In contrast, sales growth and dividend policy do not show a significant contribution to capital structure. Based on these findings, it is recommended that companies in the basic chemical manufacturing sector focus on improving profitability, optimizing asset structure, and managing business risks effectively to strengthen their capital structure. Additionally, company size should be considered when making financing decisions. Since sales growth and dividend policy were not significant factors, firms might prioritize internal financial management and risk control over aggressive sales expansion or dividend adjustments when aiming to optimize their capital structure. Future research could explore other potential factors or use alternative methodologies to deepen understanding in this area.

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital intensity, leverage, and company size on tax avoidance in property and real estate sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. The research method used is an associative quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from corporate financial reports. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique, resulting in 4 companies that met the criteria. The multiple linear regression analysis shows that partially, capital intensity and leverage have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, while company size has a significant negative effect. Simultaneously, the three variables have a significant influence on tax avoidance. This study implies that companies should consider fixed asset investment strategies, financing structure, and firm size in managing their tax obligations efficiently and legally.

Intellectual capital represents information that reflects the quality of human resources and the knowledge assets owned by a business unit. This study aims to examine the influence of intellectual capital on business performance in creative sector MSMEs, specifically in the fashion and beauty industries in Surabaya. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to business owners to capture their understanding of the components of intellectual capital and its impact on business performance. The study employs a quantitative method with a correlational approach to analyze the relationships between variables. The results of significance tests indicate that intellectual capital overall has a notable impact on business performance. Specifically, Human Capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital, Technological Capital, and Business Capital exert a positive influence, demonstrating that the quality of human resources, organizational structure, business relationships, technology utilization, and business assets are key factors in improving MSME performance. Conversely, Customer Capital shows a negative influence, highlighting the need for more effective strategies in managing and leveraging customer-related resources. These findings confirm that intellectual capital significantly affects the performance of creative sector MSMEs, suggesting that proper management and development of each component of intellectual capital is essential for enhancing competitiveness, sustaining growth, and ensuring the long-term success of small and medium enterprises.

This study aims to identify the inhibiting and supporting factors in the implementation of academic supervision by school principals using a SWOT analysis approach based on a literature review. Through a systematic literature review of various research sources related to academic supervision and communication in educational management, it was found that strengths such as principal competence, structured supervision with effective communication between principals and teachers, and facility support are the main assets for successful supervision. Meanwhile, weaknesses such as time constraints, limited resources, and a lack of innovation in supervision and communication approaches remain challenges. Opportunities arise from supportive education policies, technological advances that can strengthen internal communication, and the role of active learning communities in sharing information and collaboration. However, threats such as dynamic policy changes and resistance to change require adaptive supervision strategies, open communication, and collaboration in order to optimize academic supervision. The results of this study provide an overview of strategies for school principals and policy makers to optimize academic supervision through effective communication approaches in order to improve teacher professionalism and the quality of learning in schools.

This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity, firm size, and capital structure on firm value in the banking sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. The background of this research lies in the crucial role of the banking sector in maintaining national economic stability and the need for investors to access financial information that accurately reflects a company’s value. Referring to signaling theory, financial reports are viewed as signals to investors regarding the firm’s prospects and performance. This study employs a quantitative method using secondary data from the annual financial reports of nine banks selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 45 observations. The independent variables include liquidity (Loan to Deposit Ratio), firm size (log of total assets), and capital structure (Debt to Equity Ratio), while the dependent variable is firm value measured by the Price to Book Value (PBV). Data analysis was conducted using panel data regression with SPSS. The results show that firm size has a significant positive effect on firm value, while liquidity and capital structure have no significant impact. Simultaneously, all three variables significantly affect firm value, with an Adjusted R² of 0.493. These findings highlight that effective asset management and optimal funding policies are key to enhancing the firm value of banking institutions in Indonesia.