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This study aims to examine the role of work engagement in life satisfaction among volunteers of the Involuntir community. Engagement in volunteer activities is often associated with subjective well-being; however, the dynamics of this relationship have not been fully understood, particularly in the context of young volunteers. This study employed a quantitative method with purposive sampling, involving 122 active Involuntir volunteers. The instruments used were the Utrecht Work engagement Scale (UWES-17) to measure work engagement and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) to assess life satisfaction. Data analysis was conducted using Spearman’s rho correlation test and regression analysis due to non-normally distributed data. Descriptive analysis results indicated that volunteers’ work engagement levels were categorized as high, while life satisfaction levels were categorized as moderate. The results of the Spearman’s rho correlation test revealed a significant negative relationship between work engagement and life satisfaction (r = −0.522; p < 0.05). Furthermore, regression analysis showed that work engagement had a significant effect on life satisfaction with a negative coefficient direction (β = −0.072; p < 0.05), indicating that higher levels of work engagement were associated with lower levels of perceived life satisfaction. Additionally, the Mann–Whitney difference test results indicated no significant differences in either work engagement or life satisfaction based on gender. Overall, this study suggests that high levels of volunteer engagement need to be managed in a balanced manner, as excessive engagement may potentially reduce life satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable volunteer engagement management in supporting the subjective well-being of young volunteers

This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the psychological journey of the character Rangga Raja in the novel 0 MDPL by Nurwina Sari. The main focus of the study is to identify the inner conflicts experienced by the protagonist as well as the dynamics of the personality structure consisting of the Id, Ego, and Superego that shape his psychological development throughout the storyline. This research employs a literary psychology approach using a qualitative descriptive method, conducted through a literature review and document analysis of the novel text as the primary data source. The findings indicate that Rangga Raja experiences complex emotional conflicts resulting from past trauma, experiences of loss, and failures in romantic relationships. These conditions are reflected through the tensions and interactions between the Id, Ego, and Superego within himself. The process toward the “zero point” (0 MDPL) is interpreted as a symbol of an identity crisis phase as well as a stage of self-reconstruction, in which the protagonist undergoes processes of reflection, self-acceptance, and openness to change. In addition, Rangga’s interactions with other characters, such as Andini, La Nina, and Nadia G. Sahara, play an important role in his psychological recovery and healing process. This study confirms that the novel 0 MDPL represents a profound reflection on human psychological dynamics, the search for identity, and the gradual process of inner healing.

. Public understanding of discourse embedded in children’s animated film scripts and their underlying purposes remains limited, resulting in low audience awareness of the implicit messages conveyed in meaning-laden children’s animations. The Loud House, broadcast by the children’s television network Nickelodeon, presents a relatively controversial theme by incorporating homosexual discourse, which is perceived as deviant behavior by certain segments of society. Based on this premise, this study examines the process through which homosexual behavior discourse is conveyed in The Loud House, addressing the research question: How is the discourse of homosexual behavior in The Loud House constructed in terms of textual messages, social cognition, and social context based on Teun A. Van Dijk’s discourse analysis framework?* This research adopts a qualitative approach using Van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis, which encompasses three analytical dimensions: text, social cognition, and social context. The findings indicate that homosexual discourse is represented through two supporting characters, Harold and Howard, depicted as a same-sex couple who adopt a young boy. These homosexual characters are deliberately framed with a positive image as caring and affectionate parents, comparable to the portrayal of heterosexual parents.

Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) are a strategic instrument in promoting village economic independence and increasing Village Original Income (PAD). However, in practice, BUMDes management still faces various governance issues, particularly related to human resource capacity, business innovation, and public accountability and trust. This study aims to analyze the acceleration of BUMDes governance from a Reinventing Government perspective through a comparative study between BUMDes in rural and urban areas. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-comparative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The research locations include BUMDes in Paan Leleng Village, Kota Komba Utara District, East Manggarai Regency as a representative of rural villages, and BUMDes in Golo Bilas Village, Komodo District, West Manggarai Regency as a representative of urban villages. The research results indicate that the implementation of Reinventing Government principles in the governance of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in both villages has been successful, but not yet optimal. The BUMDes in Golo Bilas Village has advantages in market access, business potential, and innovation, but still faces challenges in accountability and public trust. Meanwhile, the BUMDes in Paan Leleng Village demonstrates strong community participation and social values, but is hampered by limited human resources, technology, and business diversification. Accelerating BUMDes governance requires institutional strengthening, increased managerial capacity, business innovation, and the implementation of governance that is oriented towards results and community needs.

Differences in students’ levels of learning interest are often associated with their understanding of religious values, one of which is the understanding of hadiths concerning the virtues of knowledge. Hadiths emphasizing the virtues of knowledge are believed to stimulate interest in the learning process. This study aims to examine the influence of students’ understanding of hadiths on the virtues of knowledge on their learning interest at STDI Imam Syafi’i Jember. This research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. A total of 130 students were selected as respondents using simple random sampling. The research instruments were tested for validity and reliability, yielding Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.838 for the variable of understanding the hadiths on the virtues of knowledge and 0.884 for the learning interest variable. The normality test using Shapiro–Wilk produced a value of 0.097, indicating that the data were normally distributed, while the heteroscedasticity test showed a significance value of 0.968, confirming that the regression model was appropriate for use. The regression analysis revealed a significance value of p = 0.001 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.362. This indicates that understanding the hadiths on the virtues of knowledge has a positive influence of 36.2% on students’ learning interest, while the remaining 63.8% is influenced by other factors. These findings affirm that understanding the values contained in hadiths on the virtues of knowledge plays an important role in enhancing students’ learning interest.

Having a child with an intellectual disability requires parents to face greater challenges in parenting, encompassing not only physical needs but also emotional and social aspects. This study aims to explore the resilience of parents of children with intellectual disabilities and the factors that influence it. Parental resilience encompasses the ability to survive, adapt, and thrive despite facing high levels of psychological stress. This study used a narrative literature review method, reviewing 11 international and national journal articles published between 2015 and 2025. The results indicate that psychological stress, such as anxiety, stress, and frustration, is often experienced by parents, but high resilience can mitigate the negative impact of this stress. Factors influencing resilience include the individual characteristics of parents, the characteristics of children with intellectual disabilities, and social and environmental support. Good resilience not only supports child development but also the well-being of parents. Based on these findings, this study suggests the importance of social support and the formation of a community of parents to share experiences and provide emotional support.

This study examines the short story "Click that Kills" by Taufiqurohman to reveal the position of humans in the increasingly dominating digital algorithm environment. Using a descriptive qualitative approach that focuses on structural analysis and literary psychology based on Freud's psychoanalytic theory, this study thoroughly analyzes the intrinsic elements as well as the inner conflicts of the characters. The findings of this study show that the AIDA system poses a profound existential crisis, where individual freedom is threatened due to systemic information manipulation. The characters of Dito and Genta experience a serious conflict between id, ego, and superego when dealing with the figure of "Shadow User" who is a real symbol of the shift in human dignity through raw data. In terms of structure, the storyline conveys a deep social critique of the loss of human self-control in cyberspace. This research shows that this short story is a premonious criticism of the importance of maintaining the essence of humanity in the midst of the prevalence of mechanical algorithms. The phenomenon emphasizes that digital technology can potentially alienate the moral consciousness of individuals in modern society.

This research aims to develop Zepp Quiz as a creative learning media to enhance students' understanding of Islamic Cultural History at Madrasah Aliyah. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The developed product consists of 10 multiple-choice questions about the Conquest of Mecca with varying difficulty levels, equipped with supporting illustrations, educational feedback, point systems, timers, and leaderboards. Data collection was conducted through quantitative methods using validation questionnaires from media experts and material experts with a Likert scale of 1-5. Data analysis was performed descriptively by calculating average scores and feasibility percentages. The results showed that media expert validation obtained an average score of 4.31 or 86% in the very feasible category, while material expert validation obtained an average score of 4.25 or 85% in the very feasible category. Based on expert validation results, Zepp Quiz learning media is declared very feasible to be used as a creative learning media in Islamic Cultural History learning at Madrasah Aliyah.

Social Studies instruction at the elementary school level plays a strategic role in instilling civic values in students, thereby preparing them to behave as good citizens within the social environment. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method conducted in Grade IV at SDN Kebumen 02 using the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The findings indicate that the Senada song–based learning media developed using Articulate Storyline 3, which contains material on the diversity of ethnic groups and nations in Indonesia, was designed in accordance with instructional needs, received a “very feasible” rating from both content and media experts, and was proven effective as a supporting medium for Social Studies learning in improving the learning outcomes of Grade IV students, as evidenced by the results of paired t-tests and N-Gain analyses conducted in both small and large groups. This media has also proven effective in improving student learning outcomes, as tested using paired t-tests and N-Gain tests in small and large groups. These results indicate that song-based media can improve student motivation and learning outcomes in social studies.

This study erxaminers ther influerncer of library facility and infrastructurer managermernt on studernt satisfaction at Sterlla Maris Loli Catholic Privater Junior High School. A quantitativer merthod with a correrlational approach was employed to identify the relationship between the two variables. The analysis results reveal that the management of library facilities and infrastructure falls into an unsatisfactory category, with an average student satisfaction score of 49.3%. The t-test indicates a significant positive effect (t count = 9.040) between management and satisfaction levels, where 42% of student satisfaction can be explained by library management. Additionally, factors such as procurement, storage, and maintenance exacerbate the situation. These findings emphasize the need for improvements in library management, including better planning and adequate budget allocation. By enhancing the management of facilities and infrastructure, student satisfaction is expected to increase, consequently encouraging students to be more actively engaged in visiting the library. As a rercommerndation, ther school should derverlop a stratergic managermernt plan for ther library focuserd on improving serrvicer quality and facilities.

This research is motivated by the persistent difficulty elementary school-aged children have in controlling their emotions and behavior in social situations, particularly within the context of church community development. The study aimed to examine the effect of Christian values-based emotion management training on improving children's self-control. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design on 30 children aged 7–12 years at the GPM Wonreli–Kisar Congregation. The intervention was implemented over four days through activities involving emotion recognition, value reflection, emotion regulation training, and social simulations. Data were collected using a self-control scale and analyzed using paired-difference tests and effect size calculations. The results showed a significant increase in self-control scores after the training, with the largest changes in rule compliance and impulse control, and a more moderate increase in resilience to frustration. The effect size indicates a strong practical impact of the changes. These findings indicate that training that integrates social experiences and value reflection can facilitate the shift in behavioral control from external control to internal awareness. Practically, this research provides a basis for developing a community-based child development program that emphasizes not only discipline but also the understanding of values ​​in character formation and self-regulation.

This quasi-experimental study examines the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted learning in enhancing critical thinking skills among undergraduate history students. The study involved 60 students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received AI-supported instruction integrating adaptive learning modules, scaffolded source-analysis prompts, and guided argumentative discussions facilitated by conversational AI tools, while the control group followed conventional lecture-based instruction. Data were collected using a validated critical thinking test, classroom observation protocols, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests, while qualitative data were examined through Miles and Huberman’s interactive analysis model. Results indicate statistically significant improvements in critical thinking scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. Thematic findings reveal enhanced sourcing, contextualization, corroboration, and evidence-based argumentation skills. However, minor risks of over-reliance on AI highlight the need for instructional scaffolding and ethical guidance. The findings suggest that AI can function as a cognitive scaffold that strengthens historical thinking and metacognitive awareness when implemented within a structured pedagogical framework.

Vocational education in Vocational High Schools (SMK) requires innovative, interactive, and industry-relevant learning media to support students’ independent and competency-based learning. However, learning activities in the subject Communication in the Workplace for Grade XI MPLB at SMKN 62 Jakarta are still dominated by lecture-based methods with limited instructional media, resulting in low levels of student independence and understanding. This study aimed to develop and examine the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of an interactive e-book based on Canva for Oral Communication materials in Indonesian Language. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research subjects included 36 students in the needs analysis stage, 5 students in the small-scale trial, and 31 students in the large-scale trial. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, learning outcome tests, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques. The validation results indicated that the Canva-based interactive e-book was categorized as very feasible, with validation percentages of 100% from the material expert, 88.24% from the media expert, and 95% from the language expert. The small-scale trial showed a practicality percentage of 82.2%, while the large-scale trial reached 88.39%, both classified as very practical. In addition, the pre-test and post-test results in the large-scale trial demonstrated an increase in students’ average scores and a higher number of students achieving the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM). Therefore, the Canva-based interactive e-book is feasible, practical, and effective as a learning medium to enhance students’ understanding, motivation, and independent learning in Oral Communication for vocational high school students.

The transformation of the post-pandemic education system has crystallized online learning as a permanent component, with parents assuming an unprecedented instructional role at the elementary level, particularly at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). This qualitative case study aims to analyze in depth the dynamics and implications of the role of these parents during the transition period. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with parents, students, and teachers from two MIs in Blora, enriched by observation and analysis of communication documents. The findings of the study reveal three crucial things: first, there is a transformation of the role of parents into "substitute teachers" which creates a significant psychological burden due to the gap between the demands of the role and pedagogical capacity. Second, the communication pattern between schools and parents is still one-way and administrative, and has not built a collaborative three-way partnership by involving students. Third, the quality of parental assistance is very diverse and highly dependent on their digital literacy capacity and educational background, which directly affects the development of students' self-regulated learning. This study concludes that the effectiveness of parental roles is determined by psycho-educational support, the quality of communication channels, and the level of personal capacity, so policy implications must move towards a differentiated and empowerment-oriented approach.

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) emphasizes the principle of child-centered learning through meaningful and contextual play activities. Environment-based learning is one of the approaches that is relevant to the characteristics of early childhood because it provides a real learning experience and is close to the child's life. This study aims to describe in depth the implementation of environment-based play learning and its impact on cognitive, language, social-emotional, and motor development in early childhood. The research method used was qualitative descriptive with group B child subjects in PAUD Mawar. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that environment-based play learning is able to increase children's active involvement, curiosity, communication skills, cooperation, and motor skills. The conclusion of this study shows that environment-based play learning is effectively applied in PAUD Mawar and can be used as an alternative to contextual and holistic learning strategies.

This paper discusses the role of education in shaping students' ability to recognize and appreciate religious diversity within Indonesia's pluralistic society. Indonesia, as a pluralistic nation, boasts a diversity of ethnicities, cultures, and religions, which demands the instilling of tolerance from an early age, particularly through educational institutions. Students are understood as individuals developing intellectually, morally, socially, and spiritually, requiring systematic guidance to understand differences as a gift from God. Recognizing and appreciating religious diversity is not merely about passive tolerance but also encompasses the ability to respect others' beliefs, engage in dialogue, and coexist peacefully without losing one's faith identity. Through education, particularly Christian Religious Education and Pancasila Education, values ​​of tolerance can be instilled through curriculum integration, teacher role models, an inclusive school environment, and practices such as opportunities to worship according to one's religion, interfaith cooperation, and social activities. Teachers play a strategic role as facilitators and role models in fostering empathy and appreciation for differences. Various strategies such as integrating multicultural values, providing worship spaces, strengthening cooperation, and cultivating mutual respect have proven effective in developing tolerant character in students. Research results indicate that education that emphasizes the value of tolerance aligns with the spirit of Pancasila and the teachings of Christ's love in the Bible. Therefore, developing students who value religious diversity is a long-term investment in creating a peaceful, just, and civilized society. Education that prioritizes inclusivity provides a crucial foundation for a generation capable of becoming agents of peace amidst the nation's diversity.

This study aims to determine the effect of library facilities on students' interest in reading books in economics for grades 10, 11, and 12, majoring in social studies at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. This study used a quantitative approach. Data collection methods used in this study were observation, documentation, and questionnaires. Based on the description above, the population in this study was 489 students in grades 10, 11, and 12 majoring in social studies at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila. The sample in this study was grades 10, 11, and 12. The analytical method used was simple linear regression. The results showed an effect. The results obtained a R-squared coefficient of 0.258. This value means that 25.8% of the variability in the variable of interest in reading economics textbooks for grades 10, 11, and 12 majoring in social studies at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province can be explained by library facilities, while the remaining 74.2% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

This study analyzes motor vehicle tax (PKB) compliance at the Binjai SAMSAT Office (2020–2024) using a quantitative descriptive approach. Significant fluctuations were detected: a drastic decrease in 2023 (83.98%) and a sharp increase in 2024 (167.91%). Service quality and taxpayer awareness have a positive effect on compliance. However, the tax amnesty policy and the effectiveness of fines have complex impacts and are strongly suspected of causing late payments and reducing the deterrent effect. The decrease in compliance in 2023 is thought to be related to the tax amnesty policy, which reduces incentives to pay on time. Conversely, the surge in compliance in 2024 can be explained as a response to improved services and a more intensive tax awareness campaign. While tax amnesty may help increase revenue in the short term, this study highlights the importance of consistent enforcement of sanctions to maintain long-term payment discipline. Recommendations include improving services, improving tax education, and evaluating fines and the tax amnesty policy. This research also emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of the impact of amnesty policies on tax compliance patterns, as well as the crucial role of public awareness in increasing compliance with tax obligations. By utilizing empirical data, this study provides valuable insights for future tax policy improvements.  

This study aims to describe the main factors causing children in Perumaan Village, East Alok District to drop out of school, as well as the efforts made to overcome this problem. A descriptive qualitative method was used. This research was conducted in Parumaan Village, East Alok District, from February 12 to February 28, 2025, because there are still children who drop out of school in Parumaan Village. The data sources in this study are primary and secondary data sources. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. After collection, the data was analyzed following these steps: Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data Presentation, Conclusion Drawing, and Verification.The results of the study show that the main causes of children dropping out of school can be divided into two factors, namely internal and external. Internal factors include lack of parental attention, economic conditions, and low interest in learning among children. Meanwhile, external factors include an unsupportive social environment, the influence of promiscuity, and low levels of parental education. These findings show that children tend to lose their educational direction when support from their families and surrounding environment is minimal. To address this issue, several efforts have been made, such as raising awareness about the importance of education by the village government, providing economic assistance such as scholarships and KIP (Indonesian Smart Card), and involving the community through mutual cooperation and mentoring. This study recommends strengthening collaboration between families, schools, the government, and the community to create a conducive and sustainable educational environment.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of character education and learning motivation on student learning discipline in Integrated Social Studies subjects for class VIII at SMP Negeri 3 Limboto, Gorontalo Regency. This study used a quantitative approach with a quantitative descriptive research method. The data used were primary data obtained through distributing questionnaires to 50 class VIII students as respondents, and supported by research documentation. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression to test the relationship between the variables of character education, learning motivation, and student learning discipline. The results showed that character education had a positive and significant influence on student learning discipline, as evidenced by the calculated t value of 2.698 which was greater than the t table of 1.677 and a significance value of 0.010 which was less than 0.05. In addition, learning motivation also showed a positive and significant influence on learning discipline with a calculated t value of 3.386 which was greater than the t table of 1.677 and a significance value of 0.001 which was less than 0.05. Simultaneously, character education and learning motivation have a significant effect on student learning discipline, which can be seen from the calculated F value of 92.162 which is greater than the F table of 3.19 and the significant probability value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.797 indicates that 79.7% of the variation in student learning discipline can be explained by these two variables, while the remaining 20.3% is influenced by other factors outside this study. Thus, increasing character education and learning motivation in schools is expected to improve student discipline which has implications for better academic quality and character formation.