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Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare, life-threatening mucocutaneous reactions characterized by extensive epidermal necrolysis and mucosal involvement. The entities represent a clinical continuum distinguished by the extent of epidermal detachment (SJS <10% body surface area [BSA], SJS/TEN overlap 10–30%, TEN >30%). Most cases are drug-induced, making early culprit-drug withdrawal and structured supportive care the cornerstones of management. Immunopathogenesis is primarily mediated by drug-specific cytotoxic T cells and NK cells through granulysin, Fas–Fas ligand, and perforin/granzyme pathways, with emerging roles of necroptosis and candidate biomarkers such as RIP3 and galectin-7. Diagnosis relies on timely recognition of the characteristic painful erythematous/targetoid lesions, Nikolsky/Asboe–Hansen signs, multi-site mucositis, accurate BSA assessment, and early severity scoring (e.g., SCORTEN) to guide referral and monitoring. Systemic immunomodulators (corticosteroids, cyclosporine, IVIg, anti-TNF agents) have variable evidence; thus, individualized selection and early multidisciplinary care particularly ophthalmologic involvement are essential to reduce acute mortality and long-term sequelae.

Digital transformation initiatives have become essential for organizations seeking to remain competitive in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape. However, many organizations face challenges due to ineffective Information Systems (IS) governance, which hampers strategic decision-making and the successful execution of these initiatives. This study aims to develop an IS governance framework that enhances decision-making quality by aligning IT decisions with organizational goals during digital transformation efforts. The proposed framework addresses existing gaps in current IS governance models, offering a solution to common challenges such as inadequate governance structures, resource constraints, and misalignment between IT and business strategies. The framework was developed through a mixed-method approach, including conceptual framework development, expert consensus via the Delphi method, and organizational validation studies. Key findings reveal that the framework improves transparency in decision-making, enhances accountability for IT decisions, and ensures better alignment between IT strategies and organizational objectives. By embedding agile leadership and data-driven decision-making principles, the framework enables organizations to respond effectively to the fast-changing dynamics of digital transformation. This study also compares the proposed framework to existing models such as COBIT and ITIL, highlighting its unique features, including its adaptability to the fluid nature of digital transformation. The framework's strengths include its comprehensiveness and flexibility, though its application may face challenges in organizations with limited digital maturity or rigid governance structures. Future research directions include exploring the integration of emerging technologies into the framework and its applicability across different organizational contexts.

Digital transformation (DT) has become a critical component for organizations aiming to enhance their operational efficiency, innovation, and competitiveness. However, many organizations struggle to achieve successful digital transformation due to the misalignment between their Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) and organizational strategic goals. This research seeks to design and validate a model for aligning EIS with digital transformation strategies to improve organizational effectiveness. By adopting the Design Science Research (DSR) approach, this study develops a practical model that integrates strategic planning, process management methodologies, and emerging technologies to facilitate alignment between IT and business strategies. The research includes key steps such as requirement analysis, artifact design, expert validation, and case study evaluation to ensure the model's robustness and applicability across different organizational contexts. Findings indicate that the proposed model significantly improves strategic-system alignment, enhances decision-making consistency, and facilitates better integration between business and IT units. The model also addresses common challenges such as resistance to change, skill gaps, and misalignment, fostering a supportive culture for digital transformation. In comparison to existing descriptive frameworks, the proposed model is more structured, adaptable, and actionable, providing organizations with a clear framework to guide their digital transformation efforts. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on EIS alignment and offers practical insights for organizations seeking to achieve successful digital transformation. Future research could explore the model's application in various organizational settings and examine its impact on long-term organizational growth and innovation.

This community service activity aimed to strengthen teachers’ competencies in utilizing digital platforms to support project-based learning at a vocational high school. The background of this activity was the limited ability of teachers to manage project-based learning in a structured and systematic manner using digital platforms. The method employed was participatory mentoring, involving needs analysis, activity planning, implementation of digital platform mentoring, monitoring and evaluation, and reflection with follow-up actions. The participants were teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Tukak Sadai, Bangka Barat. The results indicated an improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in designing, managing, and evaluating project-based learning using digital platforms. Teachers became more confident in integrating technology into learning processes and demonstrated better organization of project activities. This activity contributed to enhancing teachers’ digital competencies and improving the quality of project-based learning practices in vocational education. The findings suggest that participatory mentoring is an effective approach to supporting sustainable digital learning innovation in vocational schools.

This study aimed to analyze differences in body composition among adult women across three regions with distinct sociocultural and environmental characteristics: Baduy Luar (rural–traditional), Salatiga (semi-urban), and Kota Bambu (urban). Using a cross-sectional design, the study involved 268 participants and assessed total body fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and skeletal muscle mass using the OMRON HBF-370 analyzer. Significant differences were observed across most body composition parameters (p < 0.001). Women living in the urban area exhibited the highest levels of total fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat, reflecting the influence of urbanization and sedentary lifestyle on adiposity. Conversely, women in the rural–traditional community demonstrated the highest skeletal muscle mass across all body regions, consistent with their physically demanding daily activities and traditional dietary patterns. These findings highlight the substantial role of environmental context in shaping metabolic health and cardiometabolic risk. Targeted public-health interventions—such as structured physical-activity promotion and nutrition education in urban populations, and preservation of active lifestyles in rural communities—are recommended. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify causal pathways and further characterize metabolic determinants.

This study investigates the determinants of capital structure within the healthcare industry, focusing on the influence of asset structure, profitability, and company size. Given the capital-intensive nature of healthcare—characterized by significant investments in medical technology and infrastructure—understanding how these firms balance debt and equity is critical for financial sustainability and operational growth. Using a quantitative approach, this research analyzes a panel dataset of healthcare companies listed on the Indonesian Capital Market from 2018 to 2023. Furthermore, the capital structure is quantified by the debt-to-equity ratio. Meanwhile, asset structure, profitability, and company size are measured by the ratio of fixed assets to total assets, return on assets, and the natural logarithm of total assets, respectively. Moreover, the data are analyzed using multiple linear regression, supported by the classical assumption testing. As a result, asset structure has a significant positive impact on capital structure, aligning with the static trade-off theory. Conversely, profitability demonstrates a significant negative relationship with capital structure, supporting the pecking order theory. Finally, company size positively affects capital structure, indicating that larger firms have greater access to debt financing. These findings suggest that healthcare managers should optimize their asset utilization and internal reserves to maintain an efficient capital structure that supports long-term healthcare delivery and investor confidence.

Brebes Regency is one of the main national centers of shallot production in Indonesia, where agricultural land dynamics play a crucial role in sustaining production performance. Rapid infrastructure development and land-use change have raised concerns regarding the sustainability of shallot cultivation areas. This study aims to analyze spatial–temporal changes in shallot cultivated area and production in Brebes Regency during 2023–2024 and to examine the relationship between land area changes and production levels at the sub-district scale. A descriptive quantitative approach based on spatial analysis was employed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Spatial data consisted of administrative boundary maps, while non-spatial data included shallot cultivated area and production data obtained from the Brebes Regency Office of Agriculture and Food Security. Data integration and analysis were conducted using QGIS through attribute joining and inter-annual comparison. The results indicate that total shallot cultivated area increased from 26,331 ha in 2023 to 28,628 ha in 2024, accompanied by a significant rise in production from 289,942.05 tons to 409,106.90 tons. Spatial analysis reveals that major production centers remain concentrated in the central and northern sub-districts, particularly Wanasari, Larangan, Bulakamba, and Tanjung. Although a positive relationship between land expansion and production increase is evident, variations among sub-districts suggest that productivity and local conditions also play important roles. The findings highlight the effectiveness of GIS-based analysis in supporting spatially informed agricultural land management and policy formulation.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of affective learning strategies in Akidah Akhlak subjects to enhance students' self-control at MTs Muhammadiyah 02 Purbalingga. Affective learning strategies focus on character development through the inculcation of religious values such as patience, honesty, and discipline, aimed at helping students manage their emotions, thoughts, and behavior in daily life. The research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with Akidah Akhlak teachers, the principal, and students, as well as classroom observation. Data analysis was conducted using thematic coding to identify patterns in the implementation of affective learning strategies and their impact on students' self-control. The findings indicate that the implementation of affective learning strategies is carried out through five main stages: receiving, responding, valuing, organization, and characterization. Each stage involves structured approaches, such as using inspirational stories from the Qur'an and Hadith, group discussions, value reflections, and case study simulations. These strategies successfully enhanced students' self-control, particularly in emotional regulation, wise decision-making, and consistent behavior aligned with Islamic values. This study concludes that affective learning strategies play a vital role in improving students' self-control. Systematic and collaborative implementation can assist madrasahs in producing a generation that is faithful, knowledgeable, and morally upright, in line with the vision of Islam.

The selection of this research topic is based on the important role of packing machines in the noodle production process. As consumer demand continues to increase and industrial competition becomes more intense, optimizing production efficiency is a critical requirement for manufacturing companies. This study focuses on the Tokiwa W500 Packing Machine used at PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur, Noodle Division, Semarang. The research method involves a comprehensive review of the machine control system to evaluate its operational performance. Data collection was conducted through direct observation, structured interviews with machine operators, and relevant literature review. The review emphasizes system performance, operational efficiency, and the level of automation, while identifying potential areas for improvement. The results indicate that the Tokiwa W500 Packing Machine operates in a stable and consistent manner during the noodle packaging process. However, opportunities were identified to enhance the automation system in order to improve production efficiency and reduce the risk of human error. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more effective and optimized control systems for industrial packing machines.

The increasing demand for infrastructure necessitates the construction of reliable bridges with long service lives to ensure smooth mobility. This research focuses on the Griya Lingga Permai Bridge over the Asam River in Jambi City, which is scheduled for widening as part of the Asam River Revitalization program aimed at flood mitigation. Although the project faces delays due to land acquisition constraints, this postponement is leveraged as a strategic opportunity to conduct a design review of the planned bridge superstructure.The bridge is designed using a reinforced concrete "T" beam girder structure. This study aims to perform a design review of the planned superstructure. This review includes the verification of calculations, structural dimensions, and a comparison of reinforcement calculation results, which are crucial for ensuring the future safety and reliability of the bridge against design loads. To support the validation and analysis process, the research utilizes STAAD.Pro software to obtain more accurate and detailed data regarding structural capacity. The results of this study will provide solid technical recommendations for the continuation of the construction project.

The management of material and labor costs at Gregors Barbershop is still manual and not formally structured, resulting in wastage of consumable materials, suboptimal labor utilization, and difficulties in determining service prices that align with the expected profit margins. Material costs, such as hair gel, tissues, disposable razors, and alcohol/disinfectants, are not recorded systematically, leading to frequent mismatches between stock and actual needs, while labor costs are calculated improvisationally without considering productivity and service targets. This activity aims to improve the ability of owners and employees to plan, control, and evaluate operational costs systematically, ensuring efficiency, resource optimization, and business profitability. The method uses an applied, hands-on approach, including the identification of partner needs, preparation of relevant training modules, direct operational mentoring, and evaluation with follow-up. The object of the activity is Gregors Barbershop in Batu Aji District, Batam City, which offers services such as modern men’s haircuts, classic shaves, shaving, hair treatments, and the sale of grooming products like pomade and hair oil. The results show increased efficiency in the use of consumable materials, more productive labor management, more systematic cost planning, and the ability to set service prices in line with costs and profit margins. It is recommended to implement a digital recording system and productivity-based incentives to ensure more accurate cost control, more efficient operations, and sustainable business profitability.

The Muhammadiyah Orphanage in Pamekasan faces major challenges in developing life skills and digital education for its children due to limited facilities, teaching staff, and conventional learning methods. To address these issues, an edutainment-based approach and digital pedagogy intervention were implemented to enhance learning quality, motivation, and preparedness for future social and technological challenges. The activities included workshops and training on Digital Pedagogy and Edutainment learning materials, as well as simulations and role-plays using a Game-Based Learning approach, followed by evaluations and participant plan presentations. The program significantly improved the wards’ digital literacy, particularly in personal security (online safety), digital ethics (cyber ethics), gadget usage, and information management, with the average score rising from 2.84 to 4.10 on a 5-point scale, surpassing the target of 75% of participants in the “good” category. Beyond cognitive aspects, the program also boosted motivation, engagement, communication, problem-solving, and independence. Caregiver training was also provided to ensure program sustainability. It is recommended that the orphanage integrate the Game-Based Learning Digital Safety module into its non-formal curriculum, enhance caregiver capacity through advanced training, and improve IT infrastructure.

Multatuli Area 4 is highly susceptible to flooding due to its close location to the Deli River and inadequate environmental management, which exacerbate the risk during the rainy season. Despite this vulnerability, community preparedness remains limited, leaving residents exposed to potential damage and loss. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews and direct observations with purposively selected informants who have knowledge of local flooding experiences. The findings reveal that while residents are generally able to recognize early signs of flooding, their responses are largely reactive rather than proactive. Several factors contribute to this low level of preparedness, including limited perception of risk, insufficient economic capacity to implement preventive measures, declining social cohesion and cooperation, and underutilization of available mitigation facilities and infrastructure. These conditions highlight the need for improved community awareness, better access to resources, and strengthened disaster management strategies to enhance flood preparedness in Multatuli Area 4.

This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the psychological journey of the character Rangga Raja in the novel 0 MDPL by Nurwina Sari. The main focus of the study is to identify the inner conflicts experienced by the protagonist as well as the dynamics of the personality structure consisting of the Id, Ego, and Superego that shape his psychological development throughout the storyline. This research employs a literary psychology approach using a qualitative descriptive method, conducted through a literature review and document analysis of the novel text as the primary data source. The findings indicate that Rangga Raja experiences complex emotional conflicts resulting from past trauma, experiences of loss, and failures in romantic relationships. These conditions are reflected through the tensions and interactions between the Id, Ego, and Superego within himself. The process toward the “zero point” (0 MDPL) is interpreted as a symbol of an identity crisis phase as well as a stage of self-reconstruction, in which the protagonist undergoes processes of reflection, self-acceptance, and openness to change. In addition, Rangga’s interactions with other characters, such as Andini, La Nina, and Nadia G. Sahara, play an important role in his psychological recovery and healing process. This study confirms that the novel 0 MDPL represents a profound reflection on human psychological dynamics, the search for identity, and the gradual process of inner healing.

This study examines deep learning as an educational approach within the Indonesian education system by exploring its conceptual foundations, policy frameworks, and practical implementation. The background of the study arises from ongoing challenges in Indonesian classrooms, where teacher-centered instruction and surface learning practices remain dominant, limiting students’ critical thinking, engagement, and real-world application of knowledge. The study aims to analyze how deep learning, characterized by mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning, is conceptualized in educational theory, reflected in national education policies, and implemented in classroom practices. Using a qualitative literature review method, data were collected from peer-reviewed national and international journal articles, academic books, and research reports related to deep learning in education. The data were analyzed through thematic synthesis to identify patterns concerning implementation strategies, learning outcomes, and implementation challenges. The findings indicate that deep learning contributes positively to students’ cognitive development, motivation, engagement, and 21st-century skills, particularly critical thinking, collaboration, and creativity. However, its implementation in Indonesia faces several obstacles, including limited teacher competence, inadequate assessment systems, insufficient contextual learning materials, and unequal technological infrastructure. The study concludes that successful deep learning implementation requires integrated policy support, continuous teacher professional development, contextualized curriculum design, and equitable access to learning resources. These findings provide practical implications for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers in strengthening sustainable and humanistic education in Indonesia.

This study compares Grammarly and Paraphraser.io in supporting students’ academic writing and rewriting skills based on Flower and Hayes’s (1981) cognitive process theory, which includes the stages of planning, translating, and reviewing. Using a descriptive qualitative method supported by quantitative data, the research involved 32 English Education students who had used both tools in academic writing. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed descriptively to identify students’ perceptions of grammatical accuracy, rewriting ability, feedback quality, and overall writing improvement. The results of this study indicate that 54.4% of students use Grammarly and 45.6% use Paraphraser.io, showing that Grammarly is the slightly more dominant and trusted tool for improving grammatical accuracy and clarity, while Paraphraser.io functions as a complementary platform for paraphrasing and generating new sentence structures; together, both tools contribute effectively though through distinct roles to enhancing students’ academic writing performance. The comparative analysis revealed that Grammarly was most effective in enhancing analytical skills during the planning and reviewing stages, improving grammar, coherence, and clarity. In contrast, Paraphraser.io was most beneficial for generative skills in the translating stage, directly enhancing originality and sentence variation. Most respondents rated their writing improvement highly, confirming the positive impact of both tools on academic performance. In conclusion, the findings confirm that Grammarly and Paraphraser.io serve distinct, yet complementary roles: the former ensures linguistic precision, while the latter supports structural creativity, ultimately helping students produce highly accurate and original academic texts.

This study aims to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) regarding the influence of career development on organizational commitment. Based on the analysis of various scientific articles, career development is an important approach in human resource management, which focuses on improving employees’ skills, enthusiasm, and readiness to face job challenges and promotion opportunities. On the other hand, organizational commitment refers to the emotional connection that employees have with their workplace, which includes aspects of emotional attachment, obligation, and enduring bonds. The results of the systematic literature review indicate that many previous studies have found a strong and positive correlation between career development and organizational commitment. Workers who are aware of support for their career development, including training programs, mentoring, or predetermined career paths, generally show a higher level of dedication to their organization. Furthermore, various studies have shown that career development can also have an indirect effect on organizational commitment through mediating factors such as job satisfaction, work motivation, and employee performance. However, several studies have shown that career development does not always have a significant impact on organizational commitment, particularly in organizations without a structured career system or when employees have negative perceptions of career opportunities. These varying results highlight the existence of contextual factors that influence the relationship between variables. Overall, this study offers in-depth insights into the significance of career development as a strategic factor in enhancing organizational commitment, along with suggestions for organizations and future researchers conducting similar studies.

Rapid technological change in the digital era has reshaped the nature of organizational innovation, requiring firms not only to innovate but also to align their innovation activities with technological developments and market dynamics, a capability referred to as Techno-Resonance Innovation Capability (TRIC). Although Knowledge Management (KM) has been widely recognized as a driver of innovation, studies that explicitly link KM to the development of techno-resonant innovation remain limited. This study aims to address this gap by systematically reviewing the literature to examine how KM contributes to innovation capability and how this relationship evolves toward TRIC through absorptive capacity. Using the systematic literature review methodology proposed by Tranfield et al., this study follows three stages planning, conducting, and reporting the review to identify, evaluate, and synthesize relevant studies on KM, absorptive capacity, innovation capability, and techno-resonance. The findings indicate that innovation capability emerges from interconnected KM processes, including knowledge acquisition, sharing, storage, and application, which form the organizational infrastructure for innovation. Absorptive capacity is identified as a key bridging mechanism that enables organizations to transform managed knowledge into innovative outcomes by enhancing their ability to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit technological knowledge. This study concludes that integrating KM and TRIC through absorptive capacity extends conventional innovation capability models and provides a stronger theoretical explanation of innovation in technology-driven and digitally dynamic environments.

Banda Aceh City has high vulnerability to tsunamis due to its coastal location directly facing the sea and being situated in an active tectonic zone. This study evaluates the spatial distribution of tsunami risk and assesses coastal conditions as disaster mitigation efforts using a mixed-method approach that combines quantitative analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and qualitative analysis through field surveys and expert assessments. Three beaches were selected as study locations: Ulee Lheue Beach, Syiah Kuala Beach, and Alue Naga Beach, with risk assessment calculated using the formula Risk = (H × V) / C according to the BNPB framework and overlay techniques in GIS to create risk distribution maps. Coastal condition evaluation focused on coastal vegetation and protective coastal structures assessed using an ordinal scale of 1–5. Results show that Ulee Lheue Beach has the highest mitigation capacity with a score of 64.5% (good category), Syiah Kuala Beach reaches 57.5% (fairly good), while Alue Naga Beach has the lowest score of 28.3% (poor). Correlation analysis yielded a coefficient of r = 0.97, indicating a very strong positive relationship between coastal vegetation and protective coastal structures. Therefore, the study recommends strengthening mitigation strategies through improved protective infrastructure and optimization of coastal vegetation functions, particularly in high-risk areas, to reduce tsunami impacts in the future.

Educational inequality persists across ASEAN despite improvements in enrollment and literacy, reflecting structural rather than merely access-related challenges. This study examines how governance structures, financing mechanisms, institutional capacity, and socio-economic stratification interact to produce disparities in educational access, participation, and progression. Using a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods design with cross-national comparative policy analysis, the research integrates macro-level quantitative indicators with in-depth qualitative evaluation of policy frameworks across ASEAN member states. Findings reveal that while primary enrollment approaches universality, secondary and tertiary education exhibit pronounced attrition, particularly among rural, low-income, and minority populations. Centralized governance, equitable public financing, and targeted support correlate with higher retention and reduced disparities, as evidenced in high-performing systems such as Singapore, whereas decentralized or under-resourced systems exacerbate structural inequities. Moreover, digital access and institutional capacity emerge as critical factors influencing educational trajectories. The study underscores that addressing inequality requires systemic reforms integrating governance coordination, progressive financing, institutional strengthening, and equity-focused interventions. By foregrounding structural determinants and cross-national variation, this research contributes to theoretical and policy debates on educational equity, providing evidence-based guidance for ASEAN strategies aimed at achieving inclusive, high-quality education across diverse socio-economic and geographic contexts.