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Fluent reading ability level 1 in elementary school is the initial stage in the fluent reading process, which focuses on basic reading skills such as recognizing letters, words, and simple sentences. Elementary school students at this level are expected to be able to read fluently and accurately, and understand the meaning of the text being read. Fluent reading ability level 1 is an essential aspect in learning activities at the elementary school level, because it can affect children's ability to master other learning content. Thus, teachers and parents need to pay attention to and improve elementary school students' fluent reading ability level 1 through effective learning strategies and techniques..

Learning motivation plays a crucial role in determining students' success in the educational process. This article aims to systematically examine various effective strategies for enhancing students' learning motivation through a literature review approach. The study employs a qualitative method based on library research by analyzing relevant scholarly sources, including journals, books, and previous research findings. The results indicate that learning motivation is influenced by both internal and external factors and can be improved through several strategies, such as the implementation of active learning methods, the use of educational technology, social and environmental support, personalized learning approaches, and the application of reinforcement and appreciation. The study concludes that collaboration between teachers, students, parents, and schools is essential to creating a supportive environment that fosters intrinsic learning motivation. This article is expected to provide practical insights for the development of more adaptive and relevant teaching methods tailored to students' needs.    

The implementation of this research, conducted through Community Service Activities, is grounded in the conditions experienced by parents in caring for children with special needs, such as autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, cerebral palsy, or other developmental disorders. The heavy burden of caregiving can increase the risk of psychological distress. This Community Service Activity was carried out at the Sahabat Autis Bogor Foundation, located in Billabong Permai Housing Complex, Block C3D No. 2, Bojong Gede, accompanying seven parents of students. The objective of the Community Service Activity was to enhance the quality of life of the mothers, stabilize their mental health, prevent mental health decline, and provide optimal support for their children with mental health challenges. The methods employed in the Community Service Activity included (1) Socialization and Seminar Implementation, (2) Psychological Support and Counseling, and (3) Coping Strategy Training and the Establishment of a Support Group. The findings from this research activity indicated that parents struggled to express the anger and bitterness they experienced as side effects of stress, fatigue, and the lack of attention to their own needs. Parents, particularly mothers of children with special needs, were found to be more vulnerable to prolonged stress, anxiety, and even depression compared to mothers of children without special needs. They also experienced trauma in introducing their children to their social environment and exhibited heightened concerns regarding their children's careers and futures.

Parental control over adolescents in this study was conducted in  high-risk residential environment where massage parlors with additional services are present. This study aims to determine the driving factors and level of parental control implementation among adolescents in the residential environment using Travis Hirschi's social control theory approach. The data analysis used in this study is descriptive quantitative research. The population consisted of all parents with adolescents aged 15-21 years, totaling 46 families. The entire population was used as samples using census sample technique. Data was collected through questionnaire completion, and central tendency calculations. The research results show that knowledge anda perseption factors have a strong connection to the level of parental control implementation among adolescents in high-risk residential environments in terms of attachment, commitment dan belief aspects. However, the aspect of parential involvement in accompanying adolescents is still relatively moderate thus requiring improvement.

This study aims to identify and describe the most effective teaching strategies in improving level 3 fluent reading skills in lower grade elementary school students. Level 3 fluent reading skills include the ability to read at an appropriate speed, expressive intonation, and good comprehension of reading content. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores and analyzes various learning techniques that have been proven to support the improvement of reading fluency in early childhood. The research findings reveal that the application of explicit teaching methods, repetition in reading exercises, the use of paired reading techniques, the use of reading texts with levels of difficulty, and active involvement from parents, can synergistically encourage the development of students' reading skills significantly. This study provides important contributions both theoretically and practically, especially for educators, in designing systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable reading learning programs to improve students' literacy competencies from an early age.

This study was motivated by the need to understand the impact of changing the education curriculum on elementary school students. Curriculum changes often pose challenges in their implementation, especially in terms of literacy in elementary school students. In addition, there are factors that influence student literacy such as the change from the 2013 curriculum to the independent curriculum, lack of support and attention from parents to students, and support from student schools. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of changing the education curriculum on elementary school students. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature study design. The literature review was conducted by examining information collected from primary and secondary data sources, including citing relevant references. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the independent curriculum also raises concerns about students' basic skills, especially in terms of reading because many students in Indonesia have difficulty reading, which can have a negative impact on their learning achievement in the future. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding and implementation of the independent curriculum in children's literacy

Losing parents at an early age has a negative impact on children's development, psychologically, emotionally and socially. Orphans often face great challenges in social problems so that they cannot prepare for an adequate future, with skills training aimed at empowering orphans for a more independent future. This study aims to determine the implementation of skills programs in increasing the independence of orphans in orphanages. The research method used is qualitative, with data coming from participants or orphans who take part in skills training at the Wisma Karya Bakti Orphanage and caregivers. The sample was taken using purposive technique as many as 7 people. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out by a method that involves steps such as working with data, organizing, sorting, synthesizing, identifying patterns, finding relevant information, and determining important points. The results showed that the implementation of the skills program carried out by the Wisma Karya Bakti Orphanage is currently implementing 3 stages carried out from the awareness stage as the initial stage of orphans being made aware of the importance of having skills. Then the transformation of knowledge orphans are given some skills training. Then finally increasing the intellectual and skill proficiency of the orphans is given the opportunity to apply the skills that have been learned. The three stages in empowerment through skills help develop the potential that exists within orphans in increasing their independence.

Sexual harassment and violence against children in the school environment are increasingly concerning issues that require serious handling and prevention strategies. Strategically, sex education can be provided early to teach children about their bodies, their boundaries, and how to find and report inappropriate actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sex education functions as a way to prevent violence and sexual harassment in schools. The method used was to conduct literature research on a number of relevant scientific articles that focused Sex education, prevention of sexual violence, sexual harassment, child protection.on the implementation, techniques, and roles of educators and parents. The results showed that age-appropriate sex education provided through visual media, songs, interactive books, and digital applications effectively increased children's understanding of self-protection. The active involvement of parents and teachers also played an important role in the success of this program. This study suggests that sex education should be included in the elementary school curriculum.

Sexual harassment and violence against children in the school environment are increasingly concerning issues that require serious handling and prevention strategies. Strategically, sex education can be provided early to teach children about their bodies, their boundaries, and how to find and report inappropriate actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sex education functions as a way to prevent violence and sexual harassment in schools. The method used was to conduct literature research on a number of relevant scientific articles that focused Sex education, prevention of sexual violence, sexual harassment, child protection.on the implementation, techniques, and roles of educators and parents. The results showed that age-appropriate sex education provided through visual media, songs, interactive books, and digital applications effectively increased children's understanding of self-protection. The active involvement of parents and teachers also played an important role in the success of this program. This study suggests that sex education should be included in the elementary school curriculum.

This research examines the role of parents in encouraging students' learning achievement at SMP Negeri 8 Palangka Raya. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of parents in encouraging student achievement in all conditions at SMP Negeri 8 Palangka Raya. The method used was descriptive method with interview techniques to two interviewee with different socio-economic backgrounds. The results showed that parents' involvement in guiding students, implementing time discipline, limiting the use of gadgets, and providing moral support and learning facilities play an important role in the success of students' academic and non-academic achievements. The challenges faced, such as time constraints and busy work schedules, both interviewee still try to support students' education through monitoring technology, open communication, and providing learning motivation. This research confirms that socio-economic status in various conditions is not the main factor that determines learner achievement, but rather the support and active involvement of parents.

Through an applied study in the Wasit Education Directorate, this study seeks to investigate how investing in digital marketing tools supports educational quality. Given the rapid pace of digital transformation, educational institutions now need to implement digital strategies that improve communication between parents and students and aid in the learning process. Through semi-structured interviews with educators, experts, students, and parents, the study employed a qualitative curriculum. The findings demonstrated that digital marketing tools improve education quality by fostering communication, encouraging participation, and offering interactive content. Numerous issues were also brought to light by the study, including inadequate infrastructure and a dearth of training in digital marketing, and suggested creating consistent digital tactics to facilitate the fusion of digital marketing and education.

“The Value of Character Education in the Novel I'm Not Stupid” by Khusnul Art was the primary text used in this research to support the argument that students can benefit greatly from character education programs introduced through literature. Whether it's a result of parents or the environment, the absence of character development in children is the root problem of this research. Thus, character education is crucial for kids, and books are a great way to inculcate these values. Books, whether we know it or not, teach us valuable lessons and entertain us, but they also contain positive messages that can be applied in real life. Reading novels that captivate and motivate youngsters is one approach to help them develop positive character traits. This study recommends reading Khusnul Art's "I'm Not Stupid" and thinking critically on the book's themes and characters' moral fibre.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays an important role in the formation of character and spirituality of students. This study aims to analyze human resource management (HR) in improving the effectiveness of the role of teachers and education personnel in the PAK environment. The approach used is a literature study, by analyzing literature, journals, and related references. The findings show that teachers are not only teachers, but also role models of Christian values. Continuous training, collaboration between teachers, cooperation with parents, and the availability of quality educational facilities are important factors in strengthening student character. A holistic management approach has been proven to be able to integrate cognitive, affective, and spiritual aspects. The implication is that adaptive and contextual HR management is needed so that PAK is able to answer the challenges of the times and form a generation with integrity.

Fluent reading ability level 2 has an important component, namely pronouncing reading clearly with the use of pauses, intonation and appropriate expressions with the aim of getting information from the reading material being read. Fluent reading ability level 2 is very important for children to master in order to understand reading with clear pronunciation of reading, accompanied by the use of appropriate intionation, pauses and expressions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a person's fluent reading ability level 2 in terms of reading speed with the use of appropriate pauses, intonation and expressions. Five children were assessed in a reading test involving the use of appropriate pauses, intonation and expressions. This method was chosen to understand in depth the process and factors that influence reading fluency in certain individuals. The subjects of the study were one grade 2 student totaling 5 people. Data were collected through observation, interviews with students' parents. The results showed that there were 2 children who were able to read fluently and 3 children who still had difficulty in reading fluently.

Kwashiorkor is a form of protein energy malnutrition (MEP). Malnourished toddlers have short and long term effects, in the form of impaired growth and development, including impaired cognitive function, morbidity, risk of degenerative diseases in later life and death. The male patient aged 1 year and 2 months was brought by his parents to the emergency room of Cut Meutia Hospital on Tuesday, June 4, 2024 at 20:07 WIB with complaints of swelling on both backs of legs and hands and face. On the antopometric examination on the first day of treatment, the patient's nutritional status was found to be poor. Patients are given malnutrition management which is divided into 3 phases, namely stabilization, transition and rehabilitation.   Kata kunci: Antropometri, Kwashiorkor, Malnutrisi Energi Protein

“The Value of Character Education in the Novel I'm Not Stupid” by Khusnul Art was the primary text used in this research to support the argument that students can benefit greatly from character education programs introduced through literature. Whether it's a result of parents or the environment, the absence of character development in children is the root problem of this research. Thus, character education is crucial for kids, and books are a great way to inculcate these values. Books, whether we know it or not, teach us valuable lessons and entertain us, but they also contain positive messages that can be applied in real life. Reading novels that captivate and motivate youngsters is one approach to help them develop positive character traits. This study recommends reading Khusnul Art's "I'm Not Stupid" and thinking critically on the book's themes and characters' moral fibre.

Fluent reading ability level 2 has an important component, namely pronouncing reading clearly with the use of pauses, intonation and appropriate expressions with the aim of getting information from the reading material being read. Fluent reading ability level 2 is very important for children to master in order to understand reading with clear pronunciation of reading, accompanied by the use of appropriate intionation, pauses and expressions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a person's fluent reading ability level 2 in terms of reading speed with the use of appropriate pauses, intonation and expressions. Five children were assessed in a reading test involving the use of appropriate pauses, intonation and expressions. This method was chosen to understand in depth the process and factors that influence reading fluency in certain individuals. The subjects of the study were one grade 2 student totaling 5 people. Data were collected through observation, interviews with students' parents. The results showed that there were 2 children who were able to read fluently and 3 children who still had difficulty in reading fluently.

This research aims to examine character education development strategies integrated into elementary school curriculum. Character education becomes an integral part of student personality formation that needs to be instilled from an early age. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this research analyzes various strategies for implementing character education in curriculum, learning, and elementary school culture. The results show that character education development in elementary school curriculum can be carried out through four main strategies: (1) integration of character values in subjects, (2) development of character-based school culture, (3) learning based on traditional games containing local wisdom values, and (4) involvement of parents and community in character formation. The implementation of these strategies requires systematic planning, commitment from all education stakeholders, and continuous evaluation to ensure the achievement of character education goals.

Character-based learning assessment plays a crucial role in shaping the Pancasila Student Profile at the elementary school (SD/MI) level. This study aims to identify effective strategies for collecting character assessment data to ensure that students develop in accordance with Pancasila values. The research methods include analyzing various assessment techniques such as observation, reflection journals, interviews, and scenario-based instruments. Additionally, this study explores the role of teachers, parents, and the school environment in supporting the implementation of character assessment. The findings indicate that effective character assessment must be holistic, involve multiple stakeholders, and be conducted continuously. The main challenges in data collection include time constraints, lack of teacher training in using assessment instruments, and limited use of technology in the assessment process. Therefore, it is recommended that schools adopt a more systematic approach by integrating digital technology, strengthening teachers' capacity through assessment training, and increasing parental involvement in the assessment process. With the right strategies, character assessment can become an effective tool in strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile and shaping a generation that is ethical, independent, and critical-thinking.

Based on literature research conducted over the past five years, from 2020 to 2024, this study aims to analyze the positive and negative impacts of technology use on students' cognitive development in schools. Digital technology plays a significant role in modern education, both in supporting students' critical thinking, creativity and conceptual understanding, and in introducing risks such as decreased concentration and digital dependency. The method used was a literature study that used a sample of literature covering various levels of education, from elementary school to higher education, using relevant articles and journals. The results of the analysis show that technology can accelerate the learning process and increase students' learning motivation if used appropriately and accompanied by the role of parents or teachers. However, excessive and unsupervised use can lead to cognitive, social and emotional impairment. Therefore, a balanced strategy for using technology is needed so that the benefits can be maximized and the negative impacts minimized.