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This research aims to understand the functions and duties of the Secretariat of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in assisting council members in carrying out their duties. According to the Mayor Regulation Number 34 of 2019, the Secretariat of the DPRD of Palangkaraya City consists of the following divisions: Secretary, General Affairs, Legislation Affairs, Sessions, Public Relations, and Budgeting and Supervision Facilities. Based on Law No. 32 of 2004 and Government Regulation No. 41 of 2007, the Secretariat of the DPRD is considered a "regional apparatus" that provides "administrative services" to the DPRD. This includes managing the DPRD's financial administration, supporting the duties and functions of the DPRD, and providing and coordinating the necessary experts for the DPRD. As explained earlier, the Secretariat of the DPRD plays a crucial and vital role in determining the effectiveness of the DPRD's services. Based on the research objectives outlined, the research method suitable for understanding the functions and duties of the Secretariat of the DPRD in assisting council members is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. This approach will allow the researcher to describe and analyze the empirical reality in-depth regarding the role of the Secretariat of the DPRD.

This study examines Chairil Anwar's poem "Diponegoro" from the perspective of literary sociology, focusing on the analysis of the values ​​of struggle contained therein. This poem depicts the figure of Prince Diponegoro as a symbol of resistance against colonialism, which reflects the spirit of the Indonesian people's struggle during the colonial period. Through the approach of literary sociology according to Wellek and Warren. This analysis also pays attention to how Chairil Anwar uses the figure of Diponegoro to convey messages about courage, sacrifice, and steadfastness in fighting oppression. The results of the study show that the poem "Diponegoro" not only functions as an individual expression of the author, but also as a form of representation of the collective aspirations of the people who are fighting for independence. Thus, the values ​​of struggle in this poem have strong social relevance, illustrating the relationship between literary works and the social dynamics around them.

"School Principal's Strategy for Improving Non-Academic Achievement of Students at SDN 081 Panyabungan". Student achievement is important because a school is most often and generally in the spotlight, namely the achievements obtained by students in both academic and non-academic fields. The achievement data for SDN 081 Panyabungan shows several non-academic achievements from 2017-2023, up to 24 non-academic achievements that have been achieved in those 6 years. This research aims to: 1) The principal's strategy in improving the non-academic achievement of students at SDN 081 Panyabungan, 2) Analysis of the interests and talents of students at SDN 081 Panyabungan, 3) Supporting and inhibiting factors for the principal's strategy in improving the non-academic achievement of participants Educated at SDN 081 Panyabungan. This research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach with data analysis techniques, namely data collection, data reduction, drawing conclusions and presenting data. The research results found that 1) The principal's strategy in improving the non-academic achievement of students at SDN 081 Panyabungan uses management functions, namely planning, organizing, implementing, supervising. 2) Analysis of students' interests and talents, namely conducting surveys and interviews to find out interests and talents, asking what activities they like and activities they want to develop, 3) Supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the principal's strategy in improving students' non-academic achievements, namely internal factors (interests and talents) and external factors (parents, society, school). The conclusion of this research is that non-academic education strategies are important for school principals and teachers to understand and pay attention to students' needs. Support from teachers, parents, the community and the school committee is also very important to achieve the goal of improving students' non-academic achievements.

The historical foundation of guidance and counselling (BK) in Indonesia plays an important role in shaping the practice of BK services in various educational institutions, including at SMK Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach using interview, observation, and documentation methods aimed at examining the historical foundation and implementation of guidance and counselling (BK) services at SMK Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya, with resource person Mr Abdurrahman, one of the BK teachers. Currently, there are seven counselling teachers handling ±2,600 students with a ratio of 1:150. Each counselling teacher is responsible for one area, including mechanical, automotive, building, electrical, electrical, computer and broadcasting engineering. Observations showed that the school's counselling services include basic, responsive and specialisation services. The main challenges include the lack of counselling teachers, low understanding of the duties of counselling teachers by others, and complex student problems such as smoking. The counselling approach emphasises gradual reduction of negative behaviours and increasing students' trust in the counselling teacher through the principle of credit. The findings indicate the importance of increasing the number of counselling teachers to optimally meet students‘ needs and the need to educate school authorities about the duties and functions of counselling and provide a comprehensive overview of the strategic role of counselling in supporting students’ readiness to face academic and non-academic challenges.

This study aims to explore the values of Pancasila, specifically the 3rd principle (Unity of Indonesia), in maintaining and anticipating unity and integrity within the national territory in the era of globalization. Unity and integrity are closely related to human resources with a Pancasila-oriented character, emphasizing peaceful approaches, mutual respect, understanding, and appreciation of cultural diversity to foster a sense of family and kinship. The findings of this study reveal that Pancasila, particularly the 3rd principle, has provided a strong bond of unity and integrity amidst societal changes in the globalization era. Pancasila serves as a source of strength, guiding Indonesia toward a golden era as a dignified nation within the global civilization. It functions as a pillar of life across various sectors such as social, economic, political, cultural, and defense, steering the nation toward a Pancasila-characterized Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) to achieve a prosperous and advanced Indonesia.

The role of a lawyer is very necessary and important in order to help the defendant prepare and submit a defense memorandum (pledoi) from the perspective of legal argumentation which is based on logical and accountable thinking. We will discuss about the issued: how the defense memorandum (pledoi) functions for defendants undergoing the criminal case examination process and How aspect legal argumentation in the defense memorandum (pledoi) prepared by the lawyer. The conclusions obtained are first, the function of the defense memorandum (pledoi) for defendants undergoing the criminal case examination process is as a forum for the defendant to defend himself against the accusations or demands submitted by the public prosecutor and to convince the panel of judges trying the a quo case that the defendant should not be sentenced to justice. or at least punished with the lightest punishment possible. Second, the legal argumentation aspect in the defense memorandum (pledoi) prepared by the lawyer is a clear and logical explanation in the context of defense, rebuttal, and/or refutation of the public prosecutor's accusations and demands based on legal thoughts or views as a result of an interpretation or reasoning. law.

That students or students are part of the nation's future youth who are the milestones for future progress. Forming a student's character can start with the importance of a student learning about leadership.  The leadership of Rasulullah Muhammad SAW is a leadership model that can be implemented in organizations. Islamic leadership is the entire process of influencing, encouraging, inviting, moving and guiding other people in the work process to think and act in accordance with applicable rules in order to achieve goals set based on the values ​​of the Al-Qur'an and Sunnah. Leadership in Islam is very important because it functions to create public problems and realize equal prosperity for all citizens. The data sources in this research are primary and secondary data. This research is qualitative research. This research was conducted at the SMPIT Bina Benuanta Tanjung Selor school by providing material exposure to learners or students with the hope of forming and encouraging a culture of quality Islamic education in understanding and developing Islamic leadership practices so that quality education, with integrity and oriented towards Islamic values, is realized.  

A lifter is a device used to lift and move objects or materials from one place to another. Lifters are commonly used in the industrial world, examples of lifters are forklifts, cranes, stackers, drum lifters and hydraulic lifters. A lifter is a device used to lift and move heavy objects such as wooden pallets, boxes, or other industrial goods. One of the important components of a lifter is the handle which functions as a hand grip to move the lifter. A lifter handle is a handle or hand grip to push a lifter. The right material to use as a handle lifter is SS400. SS400 (Structural Steel) is a low carbon steel (mild steel) that complies with ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) A36 or JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) G3101 standards. The Handle Lifter manufacturing process includes the cutting process, namely cutting from an initial length of 6 meters to 150mm. The milling process is cutting lengths and thicknesses with a length of 135mm with a first thickness of 13mm, a second thickness of 15mm and a third thickness of 13mm. Drilling process, where this process involves making a hole with a diameter of 10mm. The grinding process is a finishing process that aims to smooth uneven surfaces. And finally, Quality Control is carried out to check whether or not the goods being produced are suitable. Based on the calculation results, the productivity value for making Handle Lifters in 1 day was obtained, where the working hours used were 8 hours, resulting in 17 Handle Lifters.

This article analyzes monetary policy in the context of global economic challenges and its impact on economic stability and growth. In the era of globalization, dynamic changes in the global economy influence monetary policy which functions to maintain price stability and encourage growth. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature review approach from international journals indexed by Scopus which were published in 2020-2024. The results of the research are that this research refers to several economic theories and previous studies which show that responsive monetary policy can contribute to controlling inflation and economic recovery. However, challenges such as market volatility, financial crises, and political instability are of major concern. This research concludes that the effectiveness of monetary policy varies between developed and developing countries, as well as the importance of collaboration between fiscal and monetary policy to achieve sustainable economic goals.

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein that functions to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Anemia, caused by iron deficiency, can affect physical health and academic performance, particularly in adolescents and students. Factors such as diet, habits, and socio-economic status contribute to the incidence of anemia. Anemia can lead to fatigue, reduced concentration, and decreased physical endurance. Therefore, improving nutritional status is crucial to support health and academic achievement.

This study analyzed the use of deixis in the lyrics of Arctic Monkeys' AM album to understand its contribution to narrative meaning and emotional connection with listeners. The purpose of the study was to explore how linguistic elements, particularly deixis, function as pragmatic tools in popular music. Using Levinson's (1983) theory, the study identified five types of deixis: persona, spatial, temporal, social, and discourse. The analysis examined their functions in the pragmatic context of song lyrics. According to the rules, the results showed a dominant pattern of person deixis, which strengthened the emotional connection between the narrator and the listener. Additionally, temporal and spatial deixis enriched the narrative by emphasizing time and place contexts. These findings suggested that linguistic elements in song lyrics reinforced emotional and narrative experiences. This study concluded that deixis contributed significantly to enhancing listeners' emotional and narrative engagement, offering valuable insights into the use of language in creative media such as music and the broader study of pragmatics.

Optimal managerial function of the head of the room is an important factor in improving the quality of nursing services. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the managerial function of the head of the room influences the quality of nursing services. The research design used a quantitative approach with simple linear regression analysis. The study population included all nurses in the inpatient room, sufficient in the ER, and less in outpatient care, with a simple random sampling technique of 45 respondents. The results showed a significant influence between the implementation of the managerial function of the head of the room on the quality of nursing services (p value = 0.000 <0.005). The implementation of the managerial function and the quality of nursing services at RSU Melati were categorized as good in the inpatient room, sufficient in the ER, and less in outpatient care. In conclusion, the better the implementation of the managerial function of the head of the room, the better the quality of nursing services.

This study explores the concepts of Al-Istikhdam and Al-Istithrad as part of stylistic devices in the Arabic rhetoric discipline (balaghah). Al-Istikhdam refers to the use of a single word with two different meanings in a specific context, while Al-Istithrad involves the insertion of additional sentences or ideas without deviating from the main discussion. The study aims to identify the application of these two concepts in classical Arabic texts, particularly in literary and rhetorical works. The method employed is textual analysis of primary sources such as the Qur'an, hadith, and classical poetry. The findings reveal that Al-Istikhdam is used to enrich meanings and refine stylistic expression, whereas Al-Istithrad functions to provide additional explanations that strengthen the main argument without disrupting narrative flow. This research is expected to offer new insights into the beauty and complexity of the Arabic language and its contribution to the development of balaghah studies.

The Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung or MA) plays a central role in upholding the principle of justice as the final stronghold in Indonesia's judicial system. This article examines the role of the MA in ensuring substantive justice, efficiency, and transparency in judicial processes, as well as its contribution to the development of law and public policy. Using a qualitative review analysis approach, the discussion explores the MA’s functions in case resolution, safeguarding integrity, improving accessibility through technologies like e-court, and addressing globalization challenges. This article also highlights the MA's protection for vulnerable groups, such as indigenous communities and victims of discrimination, and its responses to cross-border issues like cybercrimes and human rights violations. The conclusion reveals that while the MA has made significant progress in enforcing the law, challenges such as case overload, perceptions of corruption, and gaps in access to justice remain critical concerns. Continuous reforms, enhancing judges' professionalism, and technological innovation are key measures to ensure the MA remains relevant and effective in delivering substantive justice for society.

This research examines adjective clauses in the book “Rahasia Lancar Berkomunikasi” by Mulasih Tary & Devy Ardiyanti. The study aims to analyze and reveal the formation, types of meanings, and functions of adjective clauses in the book, as well as their relation to real-life situations in society. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a theoretical approach, analyzing adjective clauses based on data by considering their structural formation and classifying them descriptively align with relevant theory. The adjective clauses found in the book “Rahasia Lancar Berkomunikasi” include those with meanings related to physical conditions, inner qualities, and emotional states. By understanding the formation, the type of meanings, and functions of adjective clauses in connection with everyday life, it is hoped that readers will gain better insight into effective language use. Knowledge of the role of adjective clauses in daily communication can serve as a foundation for society to interact more wisely and build good social relationships and it can assist in related fields.

The abstract is written in one paragraph with a single space (maximum 200 words), without any reference or formul This article discusses the growth and development of Islamic educational institutions from classical to modern times inseparable from the history of the mosque as an early institution in classical Islamic education. As the first institution built to educate the people after hijrah to Medina, the prophet made the mosque the main basis for the birth of civil civilization. The mosque not only functions as a place of worship but also serves social, cultural, political and security functions. It was in this mosque that religious education in its most basic form was given and developed into a center for the study of various Islamic sciences with teachers from the main companions with a halaqah teaching system that developed until now in modern Islamic boarding schools. The rapid development of the times resulted in the mosque transforming into a madrasa and resulted in the function of the mosque being reduced to a place of worship alone. Efforts to restore the function and role of the mosque as the center of civilization in modern times are again rife with the hope that a new civilization will emerge based on the mosque.

There are two issues studied in this thesis, namely: the management of Village Unit Cooperatives in improving the welfare of members in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, Tebo Regency and the management of Village Unit Cooperatives from a sharia economic perspective. The aim of this research is to determine the management of Village Unit Cooperatives in improving the welfare of members in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, Tebo Regency and to determine the management of Village Unit Cooperatives from a sharia economic perspective. To reveal this problem in depth and comprehensively, researchers used a qualitative approach by collecting data using observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is field analysis using an interactive model including data reduction, data display, data verification. From the research results, it can be concluded that: In the management of the Village Unit Cooperative in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, Tebo Regency, 4 (four) cooperative management functions are implemented, namely: planning, organizing, acting, and monitoring. controlling). There are business units such as supermarkets, convenience stores, savings and loans, agricultural production facilities, and the provision of fertilizer which are solutions for the community according to their individual interests. In the management of the Village Unit Cooperative in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, according to an Islamic economic perspective, namely using the principle of shura' (deliberation) in every decision making, and also using the principle of ta'awun (mutual assistance) in the Village Unit Cooperative which has been implemented but equated with the principle of mutual cooperation.

Basically, God created His creatures perfectly. On the other hand, it turns out that God also created humans who do not have five senses, or incomplete body functions, such as the blind, deaf, physically disabled, even mentally disabled so that they have limitations in carrying out daily activities and are often considered different from others. A person who has physical or mental limitations due to illness or injury is called a disability. Being a person with a disability not only affects the person themselves, but often their families, especially their parents. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of pastoral care for parents who have children with disabilities. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The population and sample of this study were parents, namely the father and mother of a child with disabilities in Pamalian village, Sorkam sub-district, Central Tapanuli district. In an effort to provide pastoral counseling assistance with a Client Centered approach to parents who have children with disabilities, there are several approaches taken by the companion, namely, listening, reflecting, explaining, and being fully present. From the research results, pastoral counseling with a client-centered approach can help parents who have children with disabilities understand that what happened to their child is not a mistake or punishment due to sin so that parents can accept their child's condition.

The use of fertilizer in plant cultivation is basically carried out to meet the availability of nutrients for plants in order to obtain optimal results. However, excessive use of fertilizer can actually have a negative impact on the ecosystem, such as environmental pollution and decreasing soil quality. The use of biofertilizer as a substitute for biological fertilizer is an alternative that can be used to reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizer is a biological fertilizer containing various live microorganisms which is used to increase plant productivity by improving the quality of soil fertility. One of the microbes that acts as a biofertilizer is the Bacillus sp. The purpose of this article is to find out how Bacillus sp. functions as a biological fertilizer that can increase soil fertility and increase crop productivity. Bacillus is a genus of bacteria that can be used as a biofertilizer because of its more varied antagonistic mechanisms and ability to produce endospores. The method used in this article is a meta-analysis or literature review method in several journals published online which are integrated with Google Scholar.

The history of the spread of Islamic education in the early days in Indonesia is an integral part of the process of Islamization of the archipelago that has been going on since the 13th century. Islamic education not only functions as a means of spreading religion, but also as a medium for forming the social, cultural, and intellectual character of the community. This process is carried out through various channels, including the role of ulama, Islamic boarding schools, surau, and mosques as centers of education. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the process of spreading Islamic education in the early days, by examining various supporting factors such as trade routes, cultural acculturation, and the involvement of local communities. A literature review approach is used to explore relevant literature, including historical manuscripts, current research, and other academic documents. The findings show that the success of Islamic education in the early days cannot be separated from the strategy of cultural adaptation, teaching based on local traditions, and the support of the diaspora ulama community in various regions. Previous research, such as that conducted by Azra, emphasized the importance of the ulama network in Southeast Asia and the contribution of traditional educational institutions in building an inclusive and sustainable Islamic education system. The conclusion of this study confirms that Islamic education in the early days in Indonesia played a significant role in shaping the social structure and religious identity of the community. To strengthen its relevance, further study is needed on the transformation of the early Islamic education system and its implications for the challenges of modern education in Indonesia.