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Money in the Islamic perspective is understood as a medium of exchange and unit of account that must have real value and be used in productive and fair economic activities. In the theory of demand for money, Islamic economics has three main approaches. The mainstream school adopts the general principles of conventional theory with adjustments to sharia values, such as the prohibition of usury and the requirement for transactions based on real assets. The Iqtisaduna school, emphasizes the relationship between the monetary system and the Islamic social structure based on the values of justice and individual responsibility. Meanwhile, the alternative school criticizes the fiat monetary system and offers a concept based on intrinsically valuable money such as the dinar and dirham. The three schools also provide different views on the concept of money in circulation, ranging from an adjusted conventional monetary policy approach to a model that rejects a paper money system without asset support. This study provides a clear conceptual mapping of the differences and contributions of each school to the development of the theory of demand for money and money circulation management in the Islamic economic system.

The increasing intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to global warming poses serious risks to skin health and has led to a rising market demand for natural-based skincare products. Jabiras Body Scrub is an innovative body care product formulated from guava and brown rice to protect and nourish the skin from UV exposure. This program aims to produce an organic-based skincare product while empowering local farmers as raw material suppliers. The target market includes men and women aged 17 and above across Indonesia, including visiting tourists. Laboratory tests show that each 50-gram package of Jabiras contains 3% vitamin C and 1% antioxidants, which are effective in improving skin condition within two weeks. The product is registered with a Business Identification Number (NIB) and has obtained Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for its brand and promotional flyer. Marketing strategies are carried out digitally via social media and e-commerce, as well as conventionally through entrepreneurship expos and word of mouth. This initiative has reached its break-even point, with a total of 250 units sold from May to September, generating IDR 9,750,000 in revenue. This activity not only achieved its sales targets but also strengthened the foundation for a sustainable business model that supports local farmers.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of project-based learning through the creation of clipping envelope(KLIPOP) of norms in the Pancasila Education subject, as well as to evaluate its impact on improving the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN Kutorejo 1 Tuban. The background of this research is the low student achievement in Pancasila Education, often caused by conventional, theoretical teaching methods that lack connection to students’ real-life experiences. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a descriptive quantitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and the results of pre-tests and post-tests. The findings show that project-based learning is effective in improving students’ learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the increase in the average test score from 74.8 (pre-test) to 91.3 (post-test). Students also demonstrated greater engagement, creativity, and collaboration in understanding the norms contained in Pancasila. By involving students in contextual activities, such as collecting information and creatively designing norm envelopes, learning becomes more meaningful and applicable. Therefore, this learning model can serve as a strategic alternative to enhance students’ understanding and academic performance in Pancasila Education at the elementary level.

Listening ability is one of the basic language skills that is important in supporting the learning process of students in elementary schools. However, in practice, students still have difficulty in capturing information from listening materials, especially when learning is carried out conventionally without the support of interesting media. This study aims to analyze the ability to listen to information from audio media in grade VI elementary school students with a qualitative approach using the case study method. The steps of the case study method are determining the focus of the study, literature, determining the case, data processing, data analysis, negotiating the results of the study, and conclusions. The subjects of the study consisted of five students who were analyzed based on their answers to five thematic audio media-based listening questions. The results of the study showed that students were able to understand the contents of the story, recognize characters and traits, and capture moral messages from the listening materials. However, there were still shortcomings in the aspect of regularity in reorganizing information and in-depth understanding of the character of the character. The novelty of this study lies in the analytical approach based on mapping student difficulties and the use of audio media that is relevant to everyday life, which has been proven to increase students' imagination and involvement in listening activities. This study recommends the use of audio media in a varied and contextual way in learning Indonesian in elementary schools.    

This study aims to determine the influence of the Project-Based Learning learning model on student learning outcomes in Animal and Plant Cell material. The background of this research is based on the low achievement of student learning outcomes at SMP Negeri 1 Bolaang, which is caused by conventional learning methods that are still dominant and the lack of active involvement of students in the learning process. This study uses a quasi-experimental approach with a nonequivalent control group design. Two VIII classes were selected as samples, namely the experimental class treated with project-based learning and the control class taught conventionally. The instruments used were pretest and posttest essay tests. The analysis results showed a significant increase in the average learning outcomes in the experimental group (81.72) compared to the control group (76.72). The Mann-Whitney statistical test showed a significance value of 0.043, meaning that the two groups had a significant difference in learning outcomes. These findings show that Project-Based Learning encourages students' active engagement, creativity, and deep understanding of biological concepts. This research strengthens the evidence that project-based learning is an effective strategy for improving student learning outcomes and is relevant to the middle level science curriculum. Implicitly, teachers are encouraged to integrate this model in contextual and collaborative science learning.

Photosynthesis is a vital process for plants in converting light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Light intensity is one of the main factors influencing the efficiency of this process. This study aims to determine the effect of different light intensities on the photosynthesis rate and growth of spinach plants (Amaranthus sp.), which is a C4 plant species.The method used was a quantitative experiment with three light intensity treatments: low (0–10 lux), medium (10–20 lux), and high (>20 lux), each replicated three times over six weeks. Observed parameters included plant height, number and length of leaves, as well as the photosynthesis rate measured using the IRGA method.The results showed that light intensity significantly affected the growth and photosynthesis rate of spinach plants. The high light treatment produced the most optimal growth, with an average plant height of 4.92 ± 0.4 cm and the highest photosynthetic activity. Conversely, the low light treatment caused symptoms of etiolation, reduced vitality, and faster plant death, averaging by the third week.In conclusion, increasing light intensity significantly enhances photosynthesis efficiency and growth in spinach plants. These results can serve as a basis for regulating light intensity in cultivation systems, both conventional and hydroponic.  

Mobile vehicle tax service is one of the regional government initiatives designed to facilitate tax compliance and increase regional revenue. This study aims to examine the contribution of mobile tax units in boosting local revenue in Sukabumi Regency. The methodology applied in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection conducted through direct observation. The findings reveal that the implementation of mobile tax units produces significant effects on increasing the number of taxpayers, resulting in higher local revenue from the vehicle tax component. This service has also successfully reached remote areas previously difficult to access by conventional tax offices. Therefore, mobile tax units can be considered effective as a sustainable strategy to optimize regional income.

This research aims to describe the implementation of digital transformation in marketing strategies among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the culinary sector, using Nomnom Kitchen in Bandarlampung City as a case study. Employing a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation, the research explores the firsthand experiences of business actors in transitioning from conventional to digital marketing. The findings reveal that MSME actors face complex dynamics throughout the digitalization process, involving internal challenges such as limited human resources and digital content management, as well as external opportunities like expanded market reach. Digital transformation emerges as a strategic tool that enhances promotional efficiency, strengthens customer engagement, and fosters a business model that is more responsive to technological advances. The study highlights the importance of digital training and the enhancement of entrepreneurial capacity to optimize the digital potential of MSMEs.

Islamic Religious Education and Character Education learning has an important role in shaping students' character and morals. However, the low level of student learning activity is still a challenge in the learning process. This is caused by the use of conventional learning methods that are less interesting and interactive, so that students tend to be passive. As an alternative, digital media such as Quizizz media offers a more innovative and enjoyable learning approach to increase student active participation. This study aims to describe how the use of Quizizz media can (1) increase student learning activity in group discussions, (2) increase learning activity in daring to ask questions, and (3) increase student participation in answering questions in Islamic religious education learning in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using the Milles and Huberman techniques, namely data collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the use of Quizizz media (1) increases student activity in group discussions with an interactive and fun atmosphere, (2) encourages students to be more confident in asking questions with direct feedback that helps them understand the material, (3) can increase students' responses in answering questions, train focus, speed of thinking and understanding through a scoring system and time limits.

The urgency to strengthen the pedagogical competence of Islamic Elementary Teacher Education (PGMI) teachers has increased in line with 21st-century learning demands, which emphasize critical thinking, collaboration, and meaningful learning. However, in practice, many PGMI teachers still face significant gaps in understanding and applying constructivist approaches effectively. This article aims to analyze these gaps and evaluate the potential for developing pedagogical competencies within the framework of constructivist theory. This study adopts a qualitative approach using library research methods, gathering secondary data from scholarly literature, educational policies, and previous relevant studies. Data analysis was conducted through content analysis, applying the Miles and Huberman model. The findings reveal a persistent reliance on conventional teaching methods, limited pedagogical literacy regarding constructivism, and insufficient integration of theory into teacher education curricula and training. The study concludes that systemic reforms are required in curriculum design, teacher training, and institutional partnerships to bridge these pedagogical gaps. This article contributes both conceptually and practically to the development of constructivist-based learning models in Islamic elementary education. Field-based follow-up research is recommended to empirically strengthen these findings.

This study investigates the impact of Al-Quran learning strategies using Digital Iqro on the emotional regulation of dyslexic elementary students in Banten. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a quantitative approach, the research involved 100 purposively selected participants. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Findings revealed that in the conventional learning group, the direct Al-Quran learning strategy influenced emotional regulation by 31%, while the indirect strategy had a 40% influence. In contrast, for the digital learning group, the direct strategy showed a moderate impact of 14%, and the indirect strategy showed no measurable effect (0%) on emotional regulation.These results suggest that while conventional methods may have stronger effects, digital strategies still offer moderate benefits and potential. The study contributes valuable insights for educators and policymakers in the context of advancing education within the Society 5.0 era.

This study aims to analyze the use of implications and patterns of violations and compliance with the principle of Grice's cooperation in Prabowo Subianto's political speech. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data in the form of transcripts from the YouTube video "Closing of the Third Congress of the Nasdem Party" on August 25, 2024. Data collection was carried out using the free listening technique and the recording technique. The results of the study showed that in the political speech analyzed there were 39 implicit speeches, consisting of 16 conventional implicit speeches (41%) and 23 unconventional implicit speeches (59%). In addition, it was also found that S 37 maximum violations and 13 maximum compliance. The most dominant violations were the maximum quantity (43%), followed by the maximum quality (16%), the maximum relevance (22%), and the maximum method (19%). Meanwhile, compliance with the maxim occurred most in the maxim of quality (31%), followed by maxim of relevance (23%) and maxim of means (15%). These findings suggest that politicians often use communication strategies by providing exaggerated information, conveying implicit messages, or shifting the topic of conversation to shape an image and influence public opinion.

The aim of this research is to show how to maintain the existence of the sharia accounting profession in the era of industrial revolution 5.0 in Indonesia. The research method is qualitative with the type of literature study. The results of the research are that strategies for maintaining the existence of the sharia accounting profession in the era of the industrial revolution 5.0 in Indonesia can still be maintained in various ways, namely: (1) Designing assignments that are non-routine and unstructured, where the performance of judgment and wisdom really requires a mindset. humans and special skills that can only be done by humans and cannot be done by technology such as robots or other technological tools; (2) Using Technical Skills and Ethics (TEQ) by understanding relevant technology and acting with ethics and a sense of responsibility not only to stakeholders in the world but to Allah SWT in the afterlife; (3) The duties of sharia accountants as supervisors of sharia-based industries provide great opportunities for sharia accountants to maintain their existence (4). There is no need to worry about the impending threat of industrial revolution 5.0 in the sharia accounting profession because technological developments cannot be prevented. However, what must be done is to adapt and improve the quality of accounting education by providing services both virtual and conventional and (5) Technology will never be able to replace the role of ethics and Islamic religious values ​​and principles in business concepts or transactions based on Islamic sharia.

The development of electric propulsion systems has become a major focus in efforts to provide energy-efficient and environmentally friendly air propulsion technology. One emerging innovation is the electric motor-based turbojet fan, which is expected to replace conventional fossil-fueled systems. As the need for energy efficiency increases, studies on electrical power consumption and airflow performance are crucial in supporting the development of new-generation propulsion systems. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between nozzle angle and the characteristics of electrical power consumption and airflow velocity in a double-spool turbojet fan. The method used is an experimental test with an ESP32-based control system. The duty cycle is set at 80% to maintain operational stability. Research data is obtained through measurements of electrical current, voltage, and airflow velocity. The nozzle angle variations tested include 13°, 19°, and 25°. The test results show a significant difference between nozzle angle variations on electrical power consumption and wind speed performance. The 13° nozzle angle produces the highest electrical power consumption, indicating a greater energy requirement to maintain airflow. Conversely, the optimal wind speed was found at an angle of 19°, indicating a balance between energy efficiency and aerodynamic performance. Meanwhile, an angle of 25° showed a decrease in performance in terms of both power and speed, making it less effective. In conclusion, the nozzle configuration has a direct influence on energy consumption and fluid dynamics in electric turbojet fan systems. This research provides an important contribution to the design of electric-based propulsion systems by emphasizing efficiency and performance aspects, while supporting the transition to environmentally friendly technologies.

The agribusiness sector plays a crucial role in the economy, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. However, traditional challenges such as limited land, climate change, and conventional farming practices often hamper productivity. Integration of technology in agribusiness offers innovative solutions to overcome these constraints and improve efficiency and yields. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study research design that focuses and aims to identify and analyze effective technology-based agribusiness development strategies to increase productivity sustainably. By exploring various technologies such as precision agriculture, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and biotechnology, and their implementation in increasing productivity in various agribusiness subsectors. This study discusses the challenges and opportunities in technology adoption in the agribusiness sector, and recommends policies and strategies to encourage digital transformation in agriculture.

This study analyzes state-sponsored cryptocurrency theft, focusing on the Lazarus Group affiliated with North Korea, within the framework of contemporary hybrid warfare strategy. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the article explains how systematic and large-scale crypto asset theft conducted by Lazarus Group serves not only financial motives but also functions as a strategic tool to evade international sanctions and fund North Korea’s nuclear programs. The research finds that such cybercrimes reflect high-ambiguity, non-conventional tactics key features of hybrid warfare. This study expands the traditional concept of hybrid warfare by incorporating digital financial crimes as instruments of state geopolitical strategy. It further highlights the importance of international collaboration and strengthened cybersecurity policy to address increasingly complex digital-era threats.

This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with thermal optimization in Waste-to-Energy (WtE) systems to enhance both energy recovery and emission control. Introduction: The growing need for sustainable urban waste management has highlighted the importance of optimizing WtE systems. AI technologies, including machine learning and deep learning, have shown potential in improving the efficiency of WtE processes, especially in reducing emissions and enhancing energy recovery. Literature Review: Previous research indicates that AI has been successfully applied to various WtE technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification, and incineration, yet the integration of AI specifically for thermal optimization remains underexplored. Most studies focus on predictive models for emission reduction rather than real time thermal optimization. Materials and Method: The study proposes the development of an AI-driven framework that integrates real time data collection from IoT sensors, predictive modeling, and real time control algorithms. The system optimizes key parameters such as combustion temperature and fuel flow to enhance energy recovery and minimize emissions. The method includes data collection from operational WtE plants, followed by model development using machine learning algorithms. Results and Discussion: Initial simulations and pilot testing showed significant improvements in energy efficiency and emission reduction. AI-driven systems outperformed conventional WtE systems by optimizing operational parameters in real time. The study identifies gaps in AI integration for thermal optimization and suggests future research directions, including the integration of AI with smart grids and carbon credit systems for more sustainable WtE operations.

This research aims to explore the potential of secondary metabolites from babandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides L.) as breast cancer drug candidates through a medicinal chemistry approach using in silico studies. Breast cancer has the highest prevalence among women in Indonesia, with conventional treatments often causing serious side effects, prompting the search for new anticancer agents from natural sources. Babandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides L.) has been empirically proven to have cytotoxic effects against cancer cells and possesses various pharmacological activities with anticancer potential based on its bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sterols.

This literature review explores the effects of tomato juice on lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure in elderly individuals with hypertension. Hypertension is a prevalent condition among the elderly and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of tomato juice as a non-pharmacological intervention to manage hypertension. The research methodology involved a comprehensive review of studies published between 2020 and 2024, sourced from reputable databases such as Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The findings indicate that tomato juice, rich in potassium and lycopene, significantly reduces blood pressure in elderly patients. Potassium helps regulate sodium levels in the body, while lycopene provides antioxidant benefits and promotes vascular health. Although tomato juice demonstrates potential as an effective and natural remedy for hypertension, further research with larger sample sizes and longer durations is needed to confirm its long-term benefits. The implications of these findings suggest that tomato juice could be considered as a supportive therapy for hypertension management in the elderly, though it should not replace conventional antihypertensive medications.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in women worldwide, with approximately 2.3 million new cases or 11.7% of all cancer cases. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2) is one of the important therapeutic targets in breast cancer that is overexpressed in 15-25% of cases. Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy often cause adverse side effects, so safer alternative therapies are needed. This study aims to assess the potential of active compounds from medicinal plants as HER-2 inhibitors through a molecular docking approach. The literature review method was used by analysing related research articles in the last five years obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The results showed that several active compounds have high potential as HER-2 inhibitors, including beta cystosterol from guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) with a binding energy value of -12.3 kcal/mol, vitexin from dandang gendis (Clinacanthus nutans L.) with a value of -9.3 kcal/mol, and isovitexin from basil mekah (Ocimum gratissimum) with a value of -9.11 kcal/mol. These findings provide a basis for further development of natural active compounds as potential breast anticancer drug candidates with minimal side effects.