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In order to boost participation and encourage student participation in homeschooling activities in SMPN 1 Bengkulu, this research aims to: establish plans and regulations; move; control; check the effectiveness of implementation; and remove any barriers that arise during that process. This study employs documentary techniques, observations, and interviews to conduct a qualitative descriptive study. The researchers will investigate and determine whether or not the management of the PJJ program has been implemented successfully. Kushendar model analysis was employed. Data is reduced, presented, concluded from, and verified by researchers. The conclusion is as follows, based on data analysis: (1) Planning is done by creating operational work plans and objectives. (2) Methods for regulating the use of resources, methods for socializing the work plan, and mechanisms for regulating the execution of a work plan that go along with the delegation of tasks and powers are established.

PT Andalan Inti Indonesia is a company operating in the retail sector. In running a business, a company needs to pay attention to the management control system. As one part of carrying out management functions, planning cannot be separated from control. The management control system itself has the aim of planning, evaluating and making decisions in order to develop and maintain the company's survival. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of data analysis show that the strategic planning process at PT Andalan Inti Indonesia is good and budget preparation is carried out per division as well as to make it easier to detail the budget for activity needs. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of the management system control function at PT Andalan Inti Indonesia is quite good and running well. The company has focused on increasing brand awareness as a step in achieving its sales target of 2 billion. Apart from marketing its products offline, the company also utilizes technology that supports the popularity of the online market. Employee placement is carried out appropriately to ensure the effectiveness and productivity of each division. Overall, PT Andalan Inti Indonesia has a structured and holistic approach to company management, with a focus on adapting to market changes, evaluating performance, and implementing short-term strategies that are in line with online market trends.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the internal control system for the sale of merchandise at Jazzy Souvenir Store. The approach used is a qualitative descriptive method with the application of data analysis techniques using triangulation. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis results indicate that the internal control system for the sale of merchandise at Jazzy Souvenir Store is not yet optimal, as evidenced by the lack of adequate organizational structure and the existence of dual functions in the execution of tasks and responsibilities. Additionally, negligence in inventory recording by store employees leads to discrepancies between the physical inventory of merchandise and the recorded inventory in the system.

The postpartum period (puerperium) is the period that begins after 2 hours postpartum and ends when the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy state, lasting 6 weeks. The postpartum period is an important thing to pay attention to in order to reduce maternal mortality. Perineal rupture is a tear caused by spontaneous birth of a baby, either by using a tool or action. Perineal wound care is important to prevent infection of the reproductive organs, one method of perineal wound care is non-conventional therapy using red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) boiled water which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, tannins and essential oils which are known to has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of red betel (Piper crocatum) cooking water for perineal wound healing in postpartum mothers. This research is a quantitative study with a population of all postpartum mothers with perineal wounds at PMB Rica Merdekawaty with a total sample of 30 respondents consisting of the intervention group and the control group. The data that was collected was then analyzed using the chi square statistical test (p value = 0.029). Based on the chi square analysis, it showed that red betel leaf boiled water was effective in healing perineal wounds in postpartum mothers.

The role of government in agriculture is very important in determining economic policy, in planning to mobilize actors there must be readiness, seriousness and commitment to implement it. In an effort to establish regional autonomy, readiness to face future challenges and effective and efficient management of the regional economy by utilizing regional potential and resources. support that has a comprehensive design is needed, in order to obtain information that is in accordance with the problem formulation and research objectives. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. This research is located in Bolaang Mongondow district (North Sulawesi). Regarding the role of the government in controlling the level of competitiveness of farmer groups in Bolaang Mongondow district (North Sulawesi). Data collection methods This research uses secondary data. The role of the government as a regulator is that the government prepares the implementation of development (issuing regulations in the framework of the effectiveness and orderliness of development administration). capital through providing capital assistance to the community. The government as a catalyst, the village government has a position as an agent that accelerates the development of village potential. The research results show that the government's role in controlling the level of competitiveness of farmer groups in Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi, is very important and has a positive impact. With support and assistance from the government, farmers can increase their productivity, expand markets, and increase their income.    

This research aims to investigate two aspects: (1) the methodology used to record the coal extraction process at PT Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri Binanga, and (2) the effectiveness and efficiency of the current coal extraction system at PT Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri Binanga. The research methodology used in this study falls into the domain of cross-sectional and qualitative investigations. The data collection process includes surveys and observations as the main methodology. After starting the verification process, the data entered undergoes analysis through techniques such as data cleaning, data processing, and interpretation of results.The research results show that the application of the Docflow method and fish bone diagrams in fish feeding at PT. Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri Binanga, along with the use of feeding control procedures such as min-mix (s,S), System (s,Q), System (R,s,S), and System(R,S), is very effective and useful in feeding fish. During the land development phase, per meter counts are carried out to ensure that stocks are monitored and maintained in abundant quantities.

Oligopoly is a form of imperfect market competition where the supply of a product is controlled by a number of companies. In general the number of companies is more than two but less than ten. Each company decides its own policy and all company actions as price changes will be taken into account by other companies, because every company in the market believes in the policy of a company. This business will affect the income and profits of other businesses. In an oligopoly market, each company positions itself as part of a market game so that its profit base is based on the behavior of its competitors. So all promotional efforts, advertising, new product introductions, price changes, etc. This is done with the aim of luring consumers away from competitors. The main cause of this oligopoly is the successful management of business operations to achieve economies of scale which leads to the effectiveness and success of sales promotions in the long term, because it will increase market share. Oligopoly activities are often with the aim of inhibiting potential business participation in the market. More than that, it also aims to enjoy normal profits below the maximum by setting a limited selling price so that price competition between business actors who carry out an oligopoly does not exist.

. This research was conducted to provide in-depth insight into how PT Telecom Indonesia manages implementation of IFRS 22 and IFRS convergence in the context of business combination accounting. Adoption of PSAK 22, business combinations recorded using the acquisition method. The transferred remuneration is calculated on the basis of its fair value, which is the difference between the fair value of the transferred asset, the assumed liability, and the equity instrument granted to the acquired party in exchange for control. The combination of business and IFRS convergence has a correlation because it improves the effectiveness of information in the financial statements of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. This research uses the method of literature review or literature reviews to obtain research material. . This research was conducted to provide in-depth insight into how PT Telecom Indonesia manages implementation of IFRS 22 and IFRS convergence in the context of business combination accounting. Adoption of PSAK 22, business combinations recorded using the acquisition method. The transferred remuneration is calculated on the basis of its fair value, which is the difference between the fair value of the transferred asset, the assumed liability, and the equity instrument granted to the acquired party in exchange for control. The combination of business and IFRS convergence has a correlation because it improves the effectiveness of information in the financial statements of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. This research uses the method of literature review or literature reviews to obtain research material.

Coffee dregs biochar is an organic material that contains lots of nutrients for increasing soil fertility. The nutrient content in biochar is very good for plant growth. Research about the use of biochar from arabica coffee dregs (Coffea arabica L.) has been done to know its effectiveness in increasing the fertility of the planting medium. This research used a completely random design with a combination treatment consisting of 4 planting media mixtures. Treatment P 0 = Biochar: Compost coffee skin: Top Soil (0: 1: 2); P 1 = Biochar: Compost coffee skin: Top Soil (1: 1: 2); P 2 = Biochar: Compost coffee skin: Top Soil (1: 0: 2); P 3 = Biochar: Compost coffee skin: Top Soil (2: 1: 2); P4 = Biochar: Compost coffee skin: Top Soil (1: 2: 2); P5 = Biochar: Compost coffee skin: Top Soil (1: 1: 1). In the growth of Arabica coffee bud, treatment P1 showed best results at observation height plants (7.8 cm). Treatment P3 showed the best results at observation of total leaves (2.9). Treatment P1 showed the best results in the observation of leaves area (85.2 mm) and treatment P4 showed the best results in observing of stem diameter (2.4 mm). Treatment P1 also showed the best results for observation of wet weight (32.2 g) and dry weight (9.76 g). However, the control treatment showed best results on roots wet weight (7.41 g) and roots dry weight (2.07 g). Analysis results in nutrient content in processed coffee dregs biochar activated with coenzymes showed content element N: 1.45%; P: 223.45 mg; K: 3.54 mg; Ca: 21.78 mg; Mg: 2.56 mg. After the biochar is mixed with compost coffee skins and topsoil enhancement of nutrient content. Treatment combination is best shown by treatment P3 where element rate the highest elements N, P, K, Ca, and Mg compared to treatment other. Results showed that biochar combined in several types of planting medium is effective in increasing the fertility of the planting medium.

Through improving company performance derived from all business activities, businesses can increase their competitiveness. This performance can run with procedures that can be completed with workers as data framework administrators. The effectiveness of a company's accounting information system is very important to support overall company performance and must meet high quality standards. This research uses a quantitative approach with analytical descriptive methods. The information source was gotten by finishing up a poll directed by representatives of PT Semen Indonesia Distributor 2023. Information obtaining will be examined utilizing SEM model with the assistance of the PLS program. The findings of a number of tests indicate that some aspects have a positive effect while others have a negative effect on each other. The quality of AIS has no effect on company performance but has a positive effect on internal control, while internal control and information technology have a direct positive effect on performance. Based on these results, it can be seen that improving the quality of AIS and information technology can basically improve company performance.

Solution-oriented brief counseling is a fast and effective counseling approach in solving student problems. This approach emphasizes students' skills and strengths, focuses on the solutions they want to achieve, avoids past problems, and focuses on the future to achieve the desired goals. Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) involves brief counseling sessions that focus on solutions rather than problems. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing short solution focused counseling to increase student ownership of their learning. The method used is library research and data was obtained using library research. The research results show that the use of short, solution-oriented advice is effective in increasing student responsibility in their learning. Students who received short-term tutoring significantly increased their learning responsibilities compared to a control group that did not receive advising. Therefore, schools and teachers are encouraged to implement brief counseling as a strategy to increase student ownership of their learning.

. Reward and punishment are very important in motivating nurse performance, because through reward and punishment nurses will become more qualified and responsible for the tasks given. This study aims to determine the relationship between reward and punishment and the work motivation of inpatient nurses at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. This research uses quantitative research using a correlational descriptive design and a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all inpatient nurses at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital, namely 59 nurses. The sampling technique used total sampling where sample selection was carried out by determining all 59 subjects who met the research criteria. The method used in collecting data was by filling out questionnaires by respondents. Data analysis uses univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results of the research show that the reward frequency distribution is mostly in the high category at 54.24%, the frequency of punishment in the high category is 55.93%, the frequency of motivation in the high category of nurses is 50.85%. It is hoped that nurses will increase their knowledge about the applicable reward and punishment system through seminars/socialization in order to increase work motivation and control behavior that can reduce the effectiveness of nurses' performance.

Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) is a pain that is felt during menstruation and is felt in the lower abdomen. The incidence of dysmenorrhea is still common in young women, including in SMK Nurul Islami Semarang. One way to reduce dysmenorrhea pain is with warm electric compresses and deep breathing relaxation. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of giving electric warm compresses and deep breathing relaxation on the level of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents at SMK Nurul Islami Semarang. The research plan is a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre-test-post-test design approach. The population in this study was composed of female students in grades 10 and 11. The sampling technique was purposive, and a total sample of 64 respondents was obtained. The statistical test used is the normality test using Kolmogorov-Sminonov, followed by the Wilcoxon test. This study found that giving electric warm compresses and deep breathing relaxation was more effective in reducing dysmenorrhea pain than giving electric warm compresses. This finding is based on the intervention group's score of 16.50, while the control group's value is 14.50. The results of this study recommend that it can be used as material for carrying out interventions for young women who experience menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea).    

This research aims to test the government's internal control system and regional financial accounting system on the effectiveness of regional financial management. Data collection for this research used a questionnaire. Questionnaires were delivered to 74 employees at the Padang City Inspectorate Office. This research is included in quantitative research. The sample was determined using total sampling technique. Data analysis uses multiple regression using SPSS 22 software. The results of this research show that the internal control system has no effect on the effectiveness of financial management and the accounting system has a positive effect on the effectiveness of financial management.

This research aims to analyze time and cost control on the ITC Pole Fiber Optic project managed by PT. LUM uses the Earned Value Management (EVM) method. EVM is an effective method for measuring project performance and progress by combining cost, time and completed work data. This case study uses secondary data obtained from project progress reports and PT financial data. LUM. Analysis is carried out to identify cost variance (CV) and schedule variance (SV) as well as cost performance index (CPI) and schedule performance index (Schedule Performance Index - SPI). The research results show that the ITC Pole Fiber Optic project experienced several deviations from the planned budget and schedule, with CV and SV showing negative values ​​at several project stages, indicating cost overruns and delays. The CPI and SPI values ​​obtained also provide an overview of the efficiency and effectiveness of project implementation. Based on these findings, several improvement steps are recommended to optimize time and cost control to improve project performance in the future. This research makes an important contribution in providing insight into the application of EVM in fiber optic installation projects and can be used as a reference in managing similar projects in the future.

The advancement of Industry 4.0 demands production systems to operate more efficiently, adaptively, and securely in facing global challenges. One promising technology that addresses these needs is the Digital Twin (DT), a digital representation of physical systems that enables integration between the real and virtual environments. Through DT, production processes can be modeled, monitored, and tested in real time, allowing for evaluation and optimization before implementation in actual systems. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of DT in modeling automated industrial systems, particularly in relation to improving production efficiency, quality control, energy savings, and operational safety. The research employed an experimental approach based on simulation within a robotic production line consisting of machines, sensors, actuators, and conveyors. The research stages included identifying system components and workflows, developing a DT model that integrates physical and virtual layers with Internet of Things–based data connectivity, and conducting simulations representing diverse operational scenarios. The findings indicate that DT implementation enhances operational efficiency, reduces production errors, and optimizes energy utilization. Furthermore, DT proves effective in strengthening safety aspects by enabling early detection of potential disruptions and providing preventive recommendations before significant impacts occur. Compared to conventional simulations, DT offers a more realistic, adaptive, and relevant approach to the needs of modern industry. The implications of this study highlight DT’s strong potential to become a new standard in the development and control of automation-based production systems, driving the creation of smarter, more efficient, and sustainable industries.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is an escalating global health issue, particularly with the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), which complicate treatment and control efforts. Resistance to both first-line and second-line drugs weakens the effectiveness of standard WHO-recommended therapies, while alternative drugs can cause severe side effects and reduce patient adherence. This study aims to explore the integration of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics in supporting personalized TB treatment to improve therapeutic success and reduce the risk of further resistance. The research employed a laboratory-based experimental design with a bioinformatics approach, involving TB patients with clinical evidence of drug resistance. Clinical samples were analyzed through whole genome sequencing to identify gene mutations associated with resistance, followed by pharmacogenomic mapping to predict pharmacological responses based on patients’ genetic variations. The results revealed several specific gene mutations consistently linked to resistance and produced individualized therapeutic recommendations that were more targeted than standard protocols. Effectiveness evaluation demonstrated that genome-based personalized therapy yielded higher treatment success rates, faster recovery times, and lower rates of subsequent resistance. These findings highlight the significant potential of precision medicine in TB management, particularly for resistant cases that are difficult to treat with conventional approaches. In conclusion, the integration of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics plays an essential role in strengthening TB treatment strategies through a personalized, adaptive, effective, and sustainable approach. Nevertheless, its implementation still faces challenges such as high costs, limited infrastructure, and the need for clear regulations regarding the use of patients’ genomic data.

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of accounting information systems and internal control on the effectiveness of sales at a trading company in the city of Padang. The population in this study were all trading companies in the city of Padang, amounting to 34 companies.Determining the number of samplesusing total sampling,then the number of respondents as a sample in this study were as many as 102 respondents, consisting of the Director/Manager, Supervisor and Treasurer. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis and for hypothesis testing using statistical t test. The results showed that: the accounting information system variable had a partial significant effect on the effectiveness of sales at a Trading Company in Padang City, because it had a sig value. is 0.000 < 0.05. The internal control variable has a significant partial effect on the effectiveness of sales at a Trading Company in Padang City, because it has a sig value. its value is 0.019 < 0.05.

This research aims to determine the application of accounting information systems to the effectiveness of cash internal control in broiler chicken farming businesses in South Labuhanbatu Regency and to determine the effectiveness of cash internal control in broiler chicken farming businesses in South Labuhanbatu Regency which is running effectively. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The type of data used in this research is primary data and secondary data obtained from broiler chicken farming businesses in South Labuhanbatu Regency. Data collection techniques were carried out using documentation and interview techniques. The results of this research indicate that the application of the accounting information system to the effectiveness of internal cash control in broiler chicken farming businesses in South Labuhanbatu Regency is considered effective, however, there are still shortcomings in the system which still exist in some manual parts. The effectiveness of internal cash control does not fully use computers but there are still manual ones, and the obstacles experienced when recording financial reports in broiler chicken farming businesses in South Labuhanbatu Regency are that sometimes it is still difficult for outside parties to accept and understand because they do not fully use the system. accounting information.  

The team teaching approach in madrasah ibtidaiyah (MI) is often considered effective in improving the quality of learning, but empirical evidence on its impact on student discipline and focus is still limited in the context of basic Islamic education. This study uses a qualitative design of a case study in class II of MI Unggulan Al Muhammad Cepu. Primary data sources include participant observations, in-depth interviews with two teachers of the teaching team and six purposive students, as well as secondary data such as collaborative lesson plans and teacher reflections. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of team teaching in improving student discipline and focus on learning. The results showed that the symbiotic-asymmetrical collaboration between the Core Guides and the Response Facilitators created a pauseless instructional flow, reduced extrinsic cognitive load (time-on-task by an average of 85%), and transformed the discipline from external control to relational-proactive co-regulation that is in line with Islamic ta'dib. These findings have practical implications for MI teacher training.