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This study examines the influence of Islamic intellectual transformation on the development of Western civilization, especially in the transfer of knowledge, technology, and cultural values ​​from the Middle Ages to the modern era. The background of this study is based on the importance of understanding the contribution of Islamic civilization in building the intellectual foundation for the rise of Europe. This study aims to identify and analyze the contributions of Muslim scientists in various disciplines, such as philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine, and how these thoughts were adopted and developed in the Western world. The method used is a qualitative approach through historical literature studies and comparative analysis of classical and modern documents. The findings show that Islamic intellectual thought played a significant role in accelerating Western intellectual development, through translations of scientific works and the influence of the thoughts of figures such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rushd. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of recognizing the role of Islamic civilization in the history of global science, as well as the need to revitalize dialogue between civilizations to strengthen harmony and cross-cultural cooperation.

Decision Support System (DSS) is a system used to assist decision makers in determining the best alternative based on certain criteria. Determining retirement eligibility for ASN (State Civil Apparatus) employees is one of the important aspects in human resource management, where this decision affects the future of employee careers, their welfare, and state budget management. This study proposes the development of a decision support system for determining retirement eligibility for ASN employees using the Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method. The MADM method is a decision-making technique that considers several criteria and alternatives to produce optimal decisions. In this study, the criteria used to determine retirement eligibility include retirement age, length of service, work performance, health, and other factors relevant to the applicable pension policy. The method used in this system includes several steps, namely identifying criteria, assigning weights to each criterion, and evaluating alternatives based on these criteria using calculation techniques such as AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) or TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). The results of this evaluation will provide recommendations on whether an employee is eligible for retirement or can still continue his career. The developed system is expected to facilitate the decision-making process regarding ASN employee retirement by providing objective and transparent analysis, so that the decisions taken are more appropriate and in accordance with applicable policies. Thus, this system can improve efficiency and effectiveness in human resource management in government agencies.

The research aims to analyze the form of contract delay in the Civil Code and outline the implications of contract delay due to force conditions in the Covid-19 pandemic. To answer this problem, normative legal research methods or library research are used. This normative type of research uses qualitative analysis, namely by explaining existing data with words or statements sourced from prime legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Data obtained from the literature will be analyzed deductively. Analysis is a method of analyzing general legal knowledge data obtained from laws and literature and then implemented on the problems raised, so that answers to specific problems are obtained. The results of the research show that the form of contract delay is regulated in articles 1244-1245 of the Civil Code which determines that force majeure can eliminate the element of default in the agreement, as long as the force force actually occurs and prevents one of the parties from carrying out its obligations, the type of contract delay is a contract in banking institution agreements, contracts in certain collateral imposition agreements, and contracts in business agreements. The implications of contract delays due to force majeure conditions in the Covid-19 pandemic where actions occur by not carrying out or delaying carrying out the achievements stated in the contract resulting in default and ultimately civil legal disputes between the parties involved in the contract. Dispute resolution through court or litigation refers to procedural law regarding the requirements under which a dispute or legal action can be submitted and the efforts that can be taken by the parties. as for preferences for conflict resolution (ADR) or non-litigation or preferences for conflict resolution using mediation, arbitration and negotiation methods

The abstract is written in one paragraph with a single space (maximum 200 words), without any reference or formul This article discusses the growth and development of Islamic educational institutions from classical to modern times inseparable from the history of the mosque as an early institution in classical Islamic education. As the first institution built to educate the people after hijrah to Medina, the prophet made the mosque the main basis for the birth of civil civilization. The mosque not only functions as a place of worship but also serves social, cultural, political and security functions. It was in this mosque that religious education in its most basic form was given and developed into a center for the study of various Islamic sciences with teachers from the main companions with a halaqah teaching system that developed until now in modern Islamic boarding schools. The rapid development of the times resulted in the mosque transforming into a madrasa and resulted in the function of the mosque being reduced to a place of worship alone. Efforts to restore the function and role of the mosque as the center of civilization in modern times are again rife with the hope that a new civilization will emerge based on the mosque.

The Islamic Abbasid Dynasty experienced progress in the field of Education which was advanced, solid, complete and well integrated supported by an adequate education system at that time. Baitul Hikmah which became the center of scientific development, especially mathematics (Al-Khwarizmi), astronomy (Al-Biruni), and medicine (Ibn Sina) which became an intellectual center and packaging period during the Abbasid Dynasty. This study uses a systematic literature review research method  with a qualitative descriptive research approach through literature review or literature studies, journals, articles, and books that discuss Baitul Hikmah during the Abbasid Dynasty. The results of this study show that Baitul Hikmah was a library and translation center during the Abbasid Dynasty located in Baghdad. In addition, Baitul Hikmah has a considerable role in developing Islamic civilization, even at that time Islam experienced its heyday "The golden age of Islam".

This research aims to find out the role of Korpri in providing legal protection for civil servants. Philipus M. Hadjon stated that legal protection for the community is a government action that has a preventive and responsive nature, the preventive nature has the aim of preventing disputes which directs government action to be careful in making decisions based on discretion and protection, while The responsive nature aims to prevent disputes from occurring, including handling them in judicial institutions. This research is a type of normative research with literature study. The results of the research show that Korpri's role in providing legal assistance to civil servants is carried out through LKBH KORPRI. This is in accordance with the ASN Law which states that in Article 21 Letter d and Article 22 Letter c of Law no. 5 of 2014 civil servants have the right to obtain protection and in Article 92 paragraph (1) Letter d and Article 106 paragraph (1) Letter e it is explained that the government also has an obligation to provide legal protection in the form of legal assistance.

The position of nephews as substitute heirs in inheriting inheritance often raises questions because they do not have direct blood relations with the testator. However, the Civil Code has regulated the provisions of inheritance by substitute heirs. This research examines what is meant as inherited property, how are the provisions of substitute heirs in the Civil Code, and what is the position of nephews as substitute heirs to inherited property. The purpose of this research is to provide an analysis related to the position of nephews as substitute heirs so that it can be a reference in the process of dividing the inheritance. This research uses normative research methods with a statutory approach. The results of the research show that the Civil Code has regulated and guaranteed that nephews as substitute heirs can have the right to receive inheritance from the testator.

This study aims to find out the factors that cause breach of promise in carrying out the obligations listed in the consignment agreement between traditional cake producers and distributors in South Denpasar as well as to find out the legal consequences of consignment agreements between traditional cake producers and distributors in South Denpasar. This scientific work in giving discussion uses empirical research methods. The factors causing the default are late payment, an increase in cake raw materials, and negligence on the part of the consignee. As a result of the Consignment Agreement Law implemented by Traditional Cake Producers and Distributors in South Denpasar, there will be an imbalance between the rights and obligations that have been agreed orally by both parties. Even though in the cooperation between the producer and the distributor by making an oral consignment agreement, that the oral agreement is a valid agreement and does not contradict article 1230 of the Civil Code regarding the legal conditions of the agreement, when the oral consignment agreement is made without an agreement between the two parties, the parties are not of legal age, there is no object to be agreed upon and for some reason it is not the case, the agreement is contrary with Article 1230 of the Civil Code which can be revoked and null and void. 

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the BU PRISKA CERDAS Information System (SI) at the Gowa Regency Population and Civil Registration Service Office and its impact on community satisfaction. The method used is quantitative descriptive, with data collection through interviews, observation and documentation. The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive. This type of descriptive research is analysis that is explanatory or elaborate on the data and information obtained, then linked to relevant theories or concepts to provide a real picture or actual facts, so that conclusions can be drawn. The results of the research show that services through SI CERDAS BU PRISKA have a positive effect on community satisfaction, with high indicators of satisfaction in service procedures, speed and infrastructure. SI CERDAS BU PRISKA online services have an influence on community satisfaction at the Gowa Regency Population and Civil Registration Office. . This can be seen from the results of interviews with residents in the highlands and lowlands of Gowa Regency. SI CERDAS BU PRISKA online service procedures run according to applicable standards, it can be seen that the people of Gowa Regency are very satisfied with SI CERDAS BU PRISKA services compared to manual population administration services at the office.

Advances in information technology have encouraged government agencies to implement electronic-based systems to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of services. The Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency uses the Presence and Performance Application System Si Apik application to record the attendance of State Civil Apparatus as part of the E-Government program. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the Si Apik application using the System Usability Scale method to measure the level of user satisfaction. The research approach involves descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, with data collection through observation, SUS questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The results showed an average SUS score of 52.59, which is in the marginal category, with a grade D and an "OK" rating. This score indicates that the system still has technical constraints, such as network connections and application errors, which affect ease of use. Recommendations for improvement include optimizing features, increasing system stability, and providing clearer technical guidance. This study provides strategic input for the Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency in improving the quality of Si Apik application services.

The background of this research is the low level of employee performance in the Civil Service Police Unit and the Sikka Regency Fire Department. This research aims to: (1) determine the description of employee performance, leadership and work loyalty; (2) analyze the influence of Leadership and Work Loyalty on employee performance both partially and simultaneously. The population in this study were employees of the Sikka Regency Civil Service Police Unit and Fire Department, totaling 94 people. Because the population is limited, this research was conducted by census or saturated sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive methods and inferential statistics, namely multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing is carried out through the F test and t test. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the background to the employee performance variable is in good criteria, the Leadership variable is in good criteria, then the Work Loyalty variable is in good criteria. The statistical results of the t test show that partially the Leadership variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, the Work Loyalty variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The statistical results of the F test show that simultaneously the Leadership and Work Loyalty variables have a significant effect on employee performance. The results of the determination analysis show that the two independent variables in this study are able to explain variations in the ups and downs in performance of employees at the Civil Service Police Unit and the Sikka Regency Fire Department by 31%.

Since early 2021, the population administration service in Bandung Regency has been supported by service innovations implementation through an online service system, with the presence of the SAKEDAP application. Hence, the Population and Civil Registration Office of Bandung Regency makes use of Information and Communication Technology as an application of Agile Governance in order to deal with the dynamics of the environment. Nevertheless, at the implementation level of the newest version of SAKEDAP application, the limit of the Q-Ban is only 150 queues a day from 4,000 applicants per day. To tackle these problems, outreach should be tailored through a broad range of accessible media platforms, the recruitment of IT specialists to assure the strength of the system and the ability to increase capacity when necessary. Such measures, which, will enhance public understanding and easier access to services, are consistent with the ideals of the good governance which espouses efficiency and responsiveness. The objective of this study is to discover and analyze Agile Governance based Integrated Population Queue System Service in the Population and Civil Registration Office of Bandung Regency. Observer-participant, in-depth interviews and document review were the main data collection techniques used. In addition to Good Enough Governance, business- driven, Human Focused, Based on Quick Wins, Systematic and Adaptive Approach, Simple design and Continuous Responsiveness, based on the research conducted, the researcher found the responsiveness factor or the ability factor, which is intended to help and provide fast service to customers with clear information and can support the successful implementation of Agile Governance.

Innovation in service delivery is essential for the progress of the public sector, particularly in the issuance of death certificates by the Bandung City Population and Civil Registration Office (Disdukcapil). This study aims to identify and evaluate service innovations in this field, focusing on their impact on efficiency and user satisfaction. Using a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach, data were collected through direct observation, staff interviews, and document review. Findings reveal that Disdukcapil has implemented innovations like an online messaging and registration system, enabling citizens to apply for death certificates online, upload required documents, and complete electronic payments. These changes have reportedly enhanced service delivery, with user feedback indicating improved accessibility and time savings. However, challenges such as initial user adaptation and technical constraints were encountered, which affected the implementation process. This research highlights the sustainable benefits of service innovation in public administration, offering insights for further improvements in future practices..

Hypertension is still a health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. The increasing prevalence of hypertension is because there are still many hypertension patients who have not received treatment or who have been treated. Hypertension is not controlled properly and correctly and will have an impact on complications, this can increase morbidity and mortality. Hypertension patients are expected to be able to control hypertension properly and correctly with a good lifestyle according to recommendations to prevent hypertension complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of hypertension patients in efforts to control hypertension in the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of the Hospital. This type of research uses a descriptive survey and a cross-sectional research approach. The results of this study show that the characteristics of respondents are mostly male compared to women, most are 45-64 years old, have excess body weight, have high school and college education, have civil servant jobs and are retired civil servants, have a history of hypertension from their families, have a duration of hypertension 0-1 years and a duration of hypertension treatment 0-1 years. It is recommended for hypertension sufferers to control hypertension and other researchers to conduct research with wider variables.

Competition between business actors can occur unfairly by colluding between business actors or with other parties, thus harming consumers and even state finances. With the occurrence of tender collusion, there is a conspiracy, lying behavior or an unlawful act by violating a government procurement mechanism, so that it has an impact on the government procurement contract made between business actors and the tender committee related to the validity and legal consequences of the implementation of the government procurement contract. In the provisions of the procurement of goods and services, if the parties commit a tender collusion, administrative sanctions will be imposed on the parties if proven, through civil dispute resolution. This means that the government procurement contract and services remain valid and binding on the parties, and cannot be terminated unilaterally by the organizing committee. This study uses a legal document approach. In various cases of tender collusion in the procurement of goods and services, the parties involved are processed criminally by law enforcement, but the procurement contracts for goods and services that have been made previously remain valid and are continued until completion, so it is necessary to conduct a legal analysis related to the status of the validity of the contract in tender collusion.

This study aims to analyze the impact of e-government implementation on increasing efficiency and effectiveness in governance. This is because the important role of digital technology has contributed to improving the public administration process and decision-making in government entities. Digitalization has provided convenience and speed in administrative governance which has an impact on improving public services. Data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and observations of civil servants in Serang Regency. This study found that the implementation of e-government has a significant impact on increasing efficiency in data management and public services, as well as the effectiveness of governance. Digitalization in the context of governance also has a significant impact on efforts to strengthen public services and transparency in the government sector. This study also found that strengthening digital infrastructure and training of human resources in the public sector is needed to maximize the implementation of e-government in governance.

Marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman, aimed at forming a happy and lasting family. In marriage, property plays a crucial role and is legally classified as either joint property or personal property, as regulated in Law No. 1 of 1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). However, property ownership often becomes a source of conflict, sometimes leading to divorce.The legal status of property after divorce depends on the applicable legal framework, whether Islamic law, customary law, or the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). To prevent disputes, couples may establish a prenuptial agreement to regulate property ownership and division. This study employs a normative juridical method by analyzing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The research aims to provide an understanding of the legal status of property in marriage and the importance of prenuptial agreements in avoiding conflicts and ensuring a harmonious household.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of leadership supervision in efforts to improve the performance quality of Civil Servants (PNS) in the Economic Affairs Section at the Regional Secretariat of Langkat Regency. The research findings indicate that the effectiveness of supervision greatly depends on clear objectives, performance indicators, periodic evaluations, and open communication between leaders and staff. Although there are challenges such as ineffective communication and imbalanced workloads, proposed solutions include improving communication and utilizing technology to enhance supervision and employee performance. Optimal supervision has been shown to play a key role in improving PNS performance, with an emphasis on monitoring, evaluation, and skill development. Despite challenges like limited resources and ineffective communication, solutions such as training, open communication, and technology can improve supervision efficiency. Most PNS show a positive attitude towards management and supervision, although there is still room for improvement in communication and skill development. Going forward, it is expected that supervision will become more structured, technology-based, and communicative to support the achievement of organizational goals more efficiently and enhance public service quality.

International law plays a crucial role in addressing human rights violations during armed conflicts. This study examines the effectiveness of international legal frameworks, including the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute, in protecting civilians and prosecuting war crimes. By analyzing recent case studies from conflict zones, this research highlights the challenges of enforcing international law and suggests strategies for improving compliance among state and non-state actors.

Divorce is a global phenomenon with significant implications for children's rights. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the fulfillment of children's rights after divorce in five countries with different legal systems: Qatar, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Jordan. The research employs a normative juridical method with a comparative legal research approach through literature review and legal document analysis. The findings reveal that each country has a unique mechanism for ensuring children's rights after divorce. Diverse legal systems—ranging from common law, civil law, to Islamic law—lead to variations in approaches to ensuring custody, care, and protection for children. The study identifies four critical dimensions in fulfilling children's rights: the right to survival and development, the right to protection, the right to education, and the right to participation. The comparative analysis highlights that cultural factors, legal systems, and political commitment play a fundamental role in determining the effectiveness of child rights protection after divorce. Key recommendations of this study include the need for regulatory harmonization, strengthening enforcement mechanisms, and developing sustainable monitoring systems. This research provides theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the complexity of fulfilling children's rights across global legal systems.