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This study analyzes the readiness for digital transformation at the North Sumatra Department of Population and Civil Registration (Dispendukcapil), which faces several challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, limited human resource competencies, and suboptimal internal policies. The findings indicate that infrastructure development, skill enhancement for human resources, and effective digital service integration can improve public service quality and increase public trust. Furthermore, national policy support and collaboration with external parties can accelerate the digital transformation process. Recommendations include sufficient budget allocation, regular training, the development of comprehensive standard operating procedures (SOPs), and periodic evaluations to identify and address implementation challenges. By implementing these measures, Dispendukcapil North Sumatra is expected to achieve a more efficient, transparent, and reliable digital-based public service system.

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (“OIC”) seeks to enhance economic collaboration between its member states, as outlined in the OIC Charter. Its key efforts is the Agreement for Promotion, Protection and Guarantee of Investments among OIC Member States (“OIC Investment Agreement”), which provides safeguards for cross-border investments and outlines procedures for resolving disputes between investor-states. Article 17 of the Agreement allows for dispute resolution through conciliation or arbitration. However, the lack of a dedicated dispute resolution body and clear procedural mechanisms has led to uncertainty and differing interpretations, weakening its effectiveness. This article explores the OIC’s role in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) under the Investment Agreement. It highlights the need for a more structured and permanent mechanism to ensure fair and consistent resolution of ISDS cases, in alignment with the objectives of the OIC Charter.

Marriage in Islam is not only seen as a socially legitimate bond, but also as a part of deep worship. The process towards marriage begins with engagement, which contains various ethical and legal values that must be considered by both parties. This article aims to examine the ethics and laws related to engagement in Islam, with a focus on the procedures for engagement, the rights and obligations of prospective husband and wife, and legal views on physical and social attachment during the engagement period. This study concludes that although engagement is not legally binding like marriage, there are moral and social rules that must be respected, including maintaining the honor and boundaries of interaction between prospective husband and wife. This article also highlights the importance of understanding the rights and obligations of each party during the engagement period, which can lead to a sacred and harmonious marriage.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Public Service Standards in inpatient services at Dumai City Regional General Hospital (RSUD) as an important part of the provision of health services to the community. Public service standards are needed to ensure service quality, efficiency, transparency, and public satisfaction as service users. However, in practice, various problems are still found, particularly related to the timeliness of service, clarity of service costs, and the availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with research subjects including hospital management, inpatient service staff, and community service users. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation studies to obtain a comprehensive picture of the implementation of public service standards. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis methods through the stages of data transcription, coding, theme identification, theme grouping, and data interpretation. The results of the study indicate that the overall implementation of Public Service Standards in inpatient care at Dumai City Regional General Hospital is in the good category. Indicators of service procedures, service products, and the competence of service providers have been implemented quite optimally, characterized by clear procedures, services that meet patient needs, and friendly and professional staff attitudes. However, the service completion time and cost indicators are still in the fairly good category, which indicates delays in service and limited information regarding costs received by patients. Furthermore, facilities and infrastructure are the indicators that require the most attention, especially regarding the comfort of the waiting room and the completeness of service support equipment. In conclusion, although the standard of public service at the Dumai City Regional Hospital inpatient has been running well, continuous improvement efforts are needed to increase service time efficiency, cost transparency, and the provision of facilities and infrastructure to increase public satisfaction and trust in health services.

Phlegmon is a serious infection affecting the maxillofacial area. Cases of phlegmon cause more than 50% mortality before the development of antibiotics, and 90% are due to acute infection of molar teeth. Examination of cervical vertebrae can help the diagnosis by using AP Axial, Lateral, right posterior oblique (RPO)/left posterior oblique (LPO) projections of 15º-20º cephalad, and right anterior oblique (RAO)/left anterior oblique (LAO) 15º-20º caudad while in the Radiology Installation of Yogyakarta City Hospital, using AP Axial projection 15º cephalad, Lateral and oblique (RPO and LPO) with perpendicular beam direction without other modalities such as MRI and CT Scan. This study aims to further examine radiographic examination procedures and projections of RPO and LPO with perpendicular ray directions. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach at the Radiology Installation of Yogyakarta City Hospital from September 2024 to May 2025. Data were collected by observation, documentation and interviews with 3 radiographers and 1 radiology specialist. Data analysis was done by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed 3-position photographs to evaluate the overall condition of the cervical vertebrae and surrounding tissues. RPO and LPO projections are not angled according to the applicable SOP and have no significant effect, because the main focus of phlegmon is soft tissue evaluation and is not related to the evaluation of nerve abnormalities in the intervertebral foramen. However, for phlegmon cases with serious severity, other modalities such as MRI, CT scan or ultrasound should be added in order to detect soft tissue and the cause of phlegmon for further action.

This study was conducted at Four Star by Trans Hotel, Renon, Bali which discussed the Optimization of the implementation of standard operating procedures (SOP) in improving front office department services. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Front Office SOPs at Four Star by Trans Hotel and how SOPs can improve service quality. Researchers used primary and secondary data to support this study. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and document studies. The method used was a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study showed that the front office (bellboy, reservation, telephone operator, receptionist) had implemented existing SOPs and had provided the best service to guests, but not optimally, due to several reasons, one of which was the lack of front office staff. The dimensions used as a reference to measure how SOPs are implemented by the front office include reliability, responsiveness, certainty or guarantee, empathy, tangibles.

The rise of digital transformation and increasing competition in the Islamic financial sector require microfinance institutions such as KSPPS BMT NU Sejahtera Bumiayu to implement innovative strategies to build competitive advantage. This study aims to analyze the development of innovative services through the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) framework, which focuses on value creation and the discovery of untapped market space. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews involving management and active customers. The findings indicate that based on external analysis (PEST and Five Forces) and internal evaluation, the institution holds strong potential to develop service strategies driven by innovation. The application of the ERRC Grid led to several strategic actions, including eliminating administrative fees, simplifying procedures, enhancing service quality and technology, and developing the digital application BMT Mobile. The study concludes that BOS is an effective strategic framework for expanding inclusive, community-based Islamic finance. The results contribute both theoretically and practically to the development of adaptive and competitive Islamic microfinance service models.

This study aims to analyze the impact of overtime work on physical and mental fatigue of the crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya, by identifying the causal factors and consequences that may arise due to additional working hours. In this study, the researcher will apply a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted by the author on the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya owned by PT Pelayaran Manalagi which is a subsidiary of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines, with the ship call sign "YBTL2" and a total load capacity of 52201 MT. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of this research data used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it explains that the Overtime Pattern: The crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya experienced an average of 4.5 hours of overtime per day, with the Engine Department experiencing the highest overtime (an average of 5.2 hours). Overtime most often occurs during loading and unloading at the port (35%) and when facing bad weather (27%), Physical Impact: Continuous overtime causes significant physical impacts in the form of sleep disturbances (80%), back and waist pain (70%), and muscle pain (60%), Mental Impact: As many as 85% of crew experience moderate to severe mental fatigue due to overtime, with the main symptoms being difficulty concentrating (75%), irritability (65%), and decreased decision-making ability (60%). Safety: There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the duration of overtime and the frequency of safety incidents. The risk of incidents increases by 28% for every additional 2 hours of overtime, Work Performance: Overtime has an impact on decreased work performance, especially in problem-solving skills (45%), compliance with procedures (41%), and effective communication (37%), Overtime Management: The most effective overtime management strategies are task rotation and fatigue management training, but their implementation is still not optimal. Limited number of personnel and operational demands are the main obstacles in minimizing overtime, Regulatory Compliance: Average working hours of MV ship crew. Keywords: Overtime Work, Physical Fatigue, Mental Crew.

This study examines the application of the retroactive principle in the issuance of State Administrative Decisions (KTUN) by regional administrative officials amid digitalization in public services. The research aims to examine the legal basis of retroactive application within administrative law and to identify appropriate mechanisms to ensure its benefit for public administration and society. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the research is supported by literature studies on legal documents and regulations. The findings indicate that, under Indonesian administrative law, the retroactive application of KTUN is legally permissible if it meets specific conditions outlined in the Law on Government Administration—primarily to prevent greater harm and/or to protect citizens’ rights. Retroactive KTUN may address discrepancies between the timing of decision issuance and actual administrative activities, especially in a digital governance environment. The study concludes that to ensure legal certainty and accountability, such application must be based on formal mechanisms, including the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and the issuance of regional head regulations as normative foundations. These measures are essential to institutionalize retroactive KTUN and ensure its use aligns with principles of legal certainty, public benefit, and good governance in regional government administration.

This study aims to analyze the Reconstruction of Contempt of Court Regulations  in Indonesia. Contempt of court is defined as an act of contempt against the judiciary. In Indonesia, the meaning of contempt of court is only interpreted narrowly so that it is considered less inclusive of all judicial organizers. This type of research is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, comparative and case approach. The results of the study are that the position of the contempt of court regulation in Indonesia has been contained in a chapter in the latest Criminal Code, but its application has not been supported by formal procedures. The meaning of contempt of court in Indonesia is only interpreted narrowly, this can be seen in the latest Padal 281 of the Criminal Code which only seems to protect judges, the contempt of court regulation should  also protect all judicial organizers who are directly involved in a judicial process, namely the prosecutor, legal representatives, victims, witnesses, and all trial participants. Next, contempt of court in Indonesia also only accommodates criminal contempt and sets aside civil contempt so that there is no deterrent effect for people, officials and others who do not comply with judicial decisions. Therefore, there is a need for special arrangements related to contempt of court in Indonesia that regulate crimes (criminal contempt) and non-compliance with court orders (civil contempt).

This community service program was carried out with the primary objective of improving the institutional capacity of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Kedaton Village, Kedaton Peninjauan Raya District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. The focus of the activity was training and mentoring in the preparation of legally based Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), in order to strengthen village business governance in a participatory and sustainable manner. The method used was a participatory approach, involving village officials and the local community in every stage of the activity, from identifying institutional problems, preparing SOP documents, to evaluation and follow-up. This activity was carried out through workshops, focus group discussions, and technical mentoring, so that participants not only received theoretical material but also actively participated in preparing and implementing SOPs relevant to the needs of the BUMDes. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in legal awareness among BUMDes managers and the village community. In addition, a new institution was formed in the form of a Village SOP Team that plays a driving role in the process of preparing and supervising the implementation of SOPs. Local leaders who have a concern for business governance and village community empowerment also emerged. The development of SOPs not only strengthens the administrative aspects of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) but also encourages social transformation. Communities become more involved in decision-making and develop a sense of ownership of village businesses. These findings indicate that integrating a legal approach into community empowerment practices can be an effective strategy for increasing accountability, transparency, and the future sustainability of village businesses.

Central Aceh is one of the Regencies located in the center of the Province of Aceh which is dubbed as the Gayo plateau region, Aceh is a province in Indonesia that applies customary law in settling cases or disputes in the community through the Sarak Opat Kampung Customary Court, as regulated in The Aceh Qanun number 9 of 2008 concerning the Development of Customs and Customs was later reinforced by Governor Regulation Number 60 of 2013 concerning the Implementation of Customary and Customary Dispute / Dispute Settlement.This study aims to describe the function and authority and find out the procedures for implementing Customary Courts by Sarak Opat in Central Aceh District, then to find out the invoices that constrain Sarak Opat in carrying out customary justice and to find formulations that are obstacles in the implementation of adat justice in Aceh District The middle.This study uses empirical juridical research methods with research sites in Central Aceh District using secondary, primary and tertiary data, then the research data is collected through literature, interviews and observations. From the results of the data are further arranged descriptively analysis.

This study is entitled Analysis of Aviobridge Officer Performance During the Peak Season of Lebaran at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of aviobridge officers and what obstacles they face during the peak season of Lebaran. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the performance of aviobridge officers is included in the good category based on five indicators, namely quality, quantity, punctuality, effectiveness, and independence. Obstacles faced during the peak season include increased flight volume, technical problems with the aviobridge system, weak communication signals, limited operational vehicles, and bad weather. However, officers can still carry out their duties professionally and in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOP). This study is expected to be an input for related parties in improving service and operational efficiency, especially during busy periods.

This study examines the implementation of the legislative duties and functions of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI) during the 2019–2024 period. Legislative function, as stipulated in Article 20A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, constitutes one of the core and most influential functions of the DPR, enabling it to affect various aspects of national governance. However, in practice, this function has not been carried out optimally. Legislative performance is evaluated not only in terms of the quantity of legislation produced but also in the quality of the laws enacted. Using a normative juridical research method, grounded in positivist legal theory. The findings indicate that throughout the 2019–2024 period, the DPR’s legislative performance has fluctuated and remained suboptimal. Of the 256 bills included in the National Legislative Program (Prolegnas), only 63 were enacted into law. Several inhibiting factors were identified, including the competency of members, lengthy decision-making procedures, political party composition, and limited public participation. This study underscores the importance of enhancing the capacity of DPR members through regular training and education. Greater transparency in the legislative process is also crucial to maintaining public trust. Furthermore, streamlining bill deliberation mechanisms and fostering inter-factional dialogue are essential strategies to accelerate consensus and improve legislative outcomes.

This study examines the practice of marital property division at the Sibolga Religious Court due to divorce caused by the husband's religious conversion. The phenomenon of divorce due to religious differences, especially religious conversion from Islam, creates legal complexities, particularly in determining rights and obligations related to marital property. This study employs a qualitative approach with an empirical legal research type, located at the Sibolga Religious Court. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with judges, court clerks, and parties involved in the cases, as well as document studies of court decisions. The results indicate that the Sibolga Religious Court has absolute authority in handling divorce cases due to the husband's religious conversion and the division of marital property within them. Despite the religious conversion, the principles of Islamic marital property law (syirkah) remain the primary basis, considering the contribution of each party. Challenges include the complexity of proving contributions, often emotional negotiations between parties, and judges' efforts to achieve substantive justice. The implications of the decisions not only involve legal aspects but also social and psychological ones for the families. This study recommends the need for broader legal socialization regarding rights and obligations in interfaith marriages and increased public understanding of marital property dispute resolution procedures.

This study aims to analyze the legal protection afforded to UMKM against predatory pricing practices in social commerce, with a focus on the TikTok platform in Indonesia. Predatory pricing refers to a strategy of selling goods at extremely low prices with the intent to eliminate competitors, which poses a threat to the sustainability of UMKM in the digital market. As MSMEs increasingly adopt digitalization and utilize e-commerce platforms, the challenges related to unfair business competition practices have become more evident. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, examining the relevant regulations, including Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. The findings indicate that although regulations are in place, their implementation on digital platforms still faces various obstacles, such as weak supervision and difficulties in law enforcement. This study recommends enhancing oversight, providing education for UMKM, and simplifying legal procedures to strengthen the protection of MSMEs against predatory pricing in the digital era.

Peace agreements serve as an alternative solution for resolving debts between debtors and creditors, aiming to enable debtors to restructure their debts and maintain business continuity. The peace agreement process is governed by strict procedures, including the submission of a peace plan by the debtor, approval by concurrent creditors through voting, and ratification by the Commercial Court through a homologation hearing. A ratified peace agreement is binding on all concurrent creditors but can be annulled if the debtor fails to fulfill their obligations, as illustrated in the case of PT Perindustrian Njonja Meneer. This study employs a normative legal method with a statutory approach and qualitative data analysis. The findings indicate that the success of a peace agreement depends on the debtor’s compliance and the creditors’ approval.  

This study aims to describe the forms of bureaucratic pathology occurring in public administration practices in Indonesia through a case study in local government institutions. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques were conducted through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings show that bureaucratic pathology in the forms of corruption, nepotism, and inefficiency still dominates public service delivery. Corruption appears in budget misuse, nepotism in the appointment of officials based on family ties, and inefficiency is evident in slow and unresponsive bureaucratic procedures. This study emphasizes the need for comprehensive bureaucratic reform to reduce such pathologies.

The purpose of this study is to determine the judge's considerations in issuing a decision stating that the certificate of ownership does not have binding legal force and the legal consequences of the decision stating that the certificate of ownership does not have binding legal force based on the initial survey conducted by the researcher, it was found that the lawsuit was filed after 5 years had passed. This study uses normative legal research with a case study (case approach). Data collection uses literature studies. Data collection and processing procedures are carried out using qualitative legal analysis. The results of the study indicate that the requirements for a certificate of ownership that does not have legal force that are often violated are the lack of good faith in obtaining the land. Meanwhile, violations of the requirements for land that is not directly or indirectly controlled by the owner, although related to other requirements, do not mean that the Certificate of Ownership has strong legal force. This is because of the requirements of Article 32 paragraph 2 of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning land registration. There are several legal consequences. These legal consequences can be divided into two types, namely legal consequences that apply retroactively or backward and legal consequences that apply forward. As well as the legal consequences and in substance, these legal consequences are in line with the form of achievement in contract law as regulated in Article 1234 of the Civil Code.

The working relationship/coordination between Satreskrim and Satintelkam in uncovering criminal offences at Pohuwato Police Station has not gone well. Field Guidelines (Juklap) of the National Police Chief number 189 of 1993 regulates the Relationship between the Working Procedures of the Resersepol Function (Police Detection) and the Intelpampol Function (Police Intelligence and Security) in the context of integrated crime handling, which should be the basis for implementing working relationships, not implemented. The level of coordination and collaboration between Satreskrim and Satintelkam at Polres Pohuwato shows an unstable and often situational cooperation. Collaboration is optimal in large or urgent cases, but is minimal in normal situations. The level of effectiveness of criminal offence disclosure is largely determined by how strong cross-unit collaboration is built on an ongoing basis. The need for a formal HTCK (Working Procedure Relationship) between Satreskrim and Satintelkam to clarify authorities, responsibilities, and cooperation mechanisms. Increased integrated and cross-functional training to equalise perceptions, increase trust, and reduce sectoral ego. And Polres leaders need to play an active role as mediators and motivators in building open and collaborative communication between units. Establish a permanent cross-unit coordination team facilitated by the Chief of Police and Deputy Chief of Police, to ensure continuity of coordination, not just during major cases. Regular evaluation and monitoring of the quality of coordination, through periodic cross-functional communication forums. And the implementation of a reward and punishment system to increase the commitment of members to the importance of collaboration in disclosing criminal offences.