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This study aims to analyze the impact of inflation on the profitability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in traditional markets. Inflation influences key business aspects, including rising production costs, declining consumer purchasing power, and instability in input prices, all of which can disrupt business performance. The research employed a quantitative approach using survey data collected from MSME actors to assess these effects. The findings reveal that inflation has a significant negative impact on MSME profitability, particularly through the reduction of profit margins. This occurs as businesses face higher raw material costs while simultaneously experiencing a decline in sales volume due to weakened consumer demand. As a result, many MSMEs struggle to maintain financial stability and sustain their operations under inflationary pressure. These findings highlight the need for adaptive strategies among MSMEs, such as cost efficiency and pricing adjustments. Additionally, the study offers important policy implications for the government to support MSMEs through targeted interventions, including price stabilization measures and financial assistance programs, in order to maintain business resilience and economic sustainability.

This study aims to evaluate the quality of public services at the Department of Population and Civil Registration of West Sumba Regency following the implementation of digitalization through the use of electronic signatures. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method to identify gaps between the level of importance and service performance. The results indicate that, overall, service quality can be categorized as fairly good, as reflected by performance levels that are relatively close to public expectations. However, several service attributes remain in the priority quadrant, particularly in terms of system usability, service stability, and accessibility. Meanwhile, attributes such as service speed, data security, and staff responsiveness demonstrate satisfactory performance and should be maintained. These findings suggest that the implementation of electronic signatures has improved service efficiency and effectiveness, although further improvements are still required, particularly in technical aspects and system usability. Therefore, continuous improvement efforts are necessary to enhance public service quality, making it more responsive and oriented toward user satisfaction.

Zakat is a key instrument in the Islamic economic system, functioning as a mechanism for income redistribution and poverty alleviation. However, zakat management at the level of mosque-based Zakat Collection Units (Unit Pengumpul Zakat/UPZ) still faces significant challenges, particularly in terms of managerial capacity, administrative systems, and institutional governance. This community service project aims to optimize the collection and distribution of zakat through capacity building of the UPZ management at Al-Hidayah Mosque, Mandailing Natal. The study employed a participatory approach consisting of observation, joint planning, socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation stages. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and structured questionnaires administered through pre-test and post-test to measure participants’ knowledge improvement. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive comparative method to assess changes before and after the intervention. The results indicate a significant improvement in the managerial capacity of UPZ administrators, as reflected by an increase in the average score from 55% in the pre-test to 80% in the post-test. In addition, improvements were observed in zakat management practices, including the establishment of simple financial recording systems, the development of a structured database of donors (muzakki) and beneficiaries (mustahik), and enhanced transparency and accountability. Qualitatively, the program also fostered behavioral change among administrators, the emergence of local leadership, and increased public trust in the UPZ. This study concludes that participatory-based socialization, training, and mentoring are effective in strengthening institutional capacity and optimizing zakat management at the grassroots level. The findings highlight the importance of governance and capacity building in enhancing the effectiveness of community-based zakat institutions.

This community service program aims to improve adolescents’ financial literacy through an educational initiative entitled “Smart Teens: Managing Money Without Drama”, conducted for the youth of Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang. The program is motivated by the relatively low level of financial literacy among adolescents, which may lead to consumptive behavior and a lack of personal financial management skills from an early age. The methods employed include interactive lectures, financial management simulations, and group discussions covering basic financial planning, saving habits, and expense control. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of fundamental financial concepts, such as managing allowances, the importance of saving, and the ability to distinguish between needs and wants. Furthermore, participants demonstrated more responsible attitudes in making financial decisions. This program is expected to serve as an effective community-based financial literacy education model in fostering healthy financial behavior among adolescents.

Wolowiro Village, Paga District, Sikka Regency possesses abundant coconut resources; however, their utilization remains limited and has not yet generated optimal economic value for the local community. This community service program aimed to improve community knowledge and skills in processing coconuts into Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as a value-added product with the potential to increase household income. The program employed socialization activities, presentations, educational video screenings, and hands-on training in VCO production using the fermentation method. Participants included village officials, housewives, and local residents who were actively involved in all stages of the training, including raw material selection, coconut grating, coconut milk extraction, fermentation, oil separation, and final product filtration. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and practical skills related to VCO production. Community members were able to independently produce VCO and showed strong enthusiasm for developing coconut-based micro-enterprises. Furthermore, the program increased public awareness of the importance of utilizing local resources as economically valuable products. Therefore, VCO production training can serve as an effective community empowerment strategy to support economic development and improve community welfare through the utilization of local agricultural resources.

Zakat is a key instrument in the Islamic economic system, functioning as a mechanism for income redistribution and poverty alleviation. However, zakat management at the level of mosque-based Zakat Collection Units (Unit Pengumpul Zakat/UPZ) still faces significant challenges, particularly in terms of managerial capacity, administrative systems, and institutional governance. This community service project aims to optimize the collection and distribution of zakat through capacity building of the UPZ management at Al-Hidayah Mosque, Mandailing Natal. The study employed a participatory approach consisting of observation, joint planning, socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation stages. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and structured questionnaires administered through pre-test and post-test to measure participants’ knowledge improvement. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive comparative method to assess changes before and after the intervention. The results indicate a significant improvement in the managerial capacity of UPZ administrators, as reflected by an increase in the average score from 55% in the pre-test to 80% in the post-test. In addition, improvements were observed in zakat management practices, including the establishment of simple financial recording systems, the development of a structured database of donors (muzakki) and beneficiaries (mustahik), and enhanced transparency and accountability. Qualitatively, the program also fostered behavioral change among administrators, the emergence of local leadership, and increased public trust in the UPZ. This study concludes that participatory-based socialization, training, and mentoring are effective in strengthening institutional capacity and optimizing zakat management at the grassroots level. The findings highlight the importance of governance and capacity building in enhancing the effectiveness of community-based zakat institutions.

This community service program aims to enhance teachers’ competence in developing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based assessment items to support improved performance in the Computer-Based National Assessment (ANBK) at SMP Negeri Kletek. The main problem faced by the partner school is the limited understanding of teachers in designing assessment instruments that measure higher-order thinking skills, as well as insufficient ability to develop literacy- and numeracy-oriented questions aligned with ANBK characteristics. This condition has resulted in suboptimal learning evaluation quality and limited student readiness for national assessment. The program employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, emphasizing the active involvement of participants throughout all stages. The implementation included the planning stage through needs assessment and problem identification, the action stage through training and mentoring in HOTS-based item development, the observation stage through evaluation of participants’ work, and the reflection stage to identify achievements and challenges. Data were collected using pre-test and post-test, observation, and reflective discussions. The results indicate an improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in developing HOTS-based items, as reflected in higher post-test scores. Teachers were able to design competency-based blueprints, contextual stimuli, and analytical, evaluative, and creative questions. This program effectively strengthens teachers’ professional competence and school readiness for ANBK.

This community service program aims to improve adolescents’ financial literacy through an educational initiative entitled “Smart Teens: Managing Money Without Drama”, conducted for the youth of Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang. The program is motivated by the relatively low level of financial literacy among adolescents, which may lead to consumptive behavior and a lack of personal financial management skills from an early age. The methods employed include interactive lectures, financial management simulations, and group discussions covering basic financial planning, saving habits, and expense control. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of fundamental financial concepts, such as managing allowances, the importance of saving, and the ability to distinguish between needs and wants. Furthermore, participants demonstrated more responsible attitudes in making financial decisions. This program is expected to serve as an effective community-based financial literacy education model in fostering healthy financial behavior among adolescents.

This study aims to improve students’ learning activities and learning outcomes through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in the fuel injection system material for twelfth-grade Ototronik students. The background of this research is the low level of student participation and learning outcomes in the classroom. This research employed Classroom Action Research with two cycles involving 34 students. Data were collected using observation sheets to measure students’ learning activities and tests to assess learning outcomes. The results showed a significant improvement in both aspects. In the first cycle, 73.52% of students demonstrated active participation, which increased to 97.02% in the second cycle. Meanwhile, students’ average learning outcomes improved from 65.15 in the pre-cycle to 72.20 in the first cycle and reached 77.35 in the second cycle. These findings indicate that the implementation of the PBL model effectively enhances student engagement and academic achievement. Therefore, the PBL model can be used as an alternative teaching strategy to improve learning quality in vocational education, particularly in automotive subjects.  

This study analyzes the implementation of Pohuwato Regency Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Public Order and Community Peace in addressing prostitution, focusing on the disparity between repressive and rehabilitative approaches; the background of the research is based on the gap between normative provisions and implementation reality, characterized by an increase in raids without a corresponding decline in prostitution practices. The research aims to examine the normative position of the regional regulation within the legal hierarchy and to evaluate the effectiveness of law enforcement in the field; the method employed is empirical legal research (socio-legal research) through in-depth interviews, observation, and secondary data analysis. The findings reveal that, normatively, the regional regulation potentially conflicts with the hierarchy of laws and regulations due to the imposition of detention sanctions without judicial oversight mechanisms, while implementation-wise, law enforcement only targets sex workers through a repressive approach without adequate social rehabilitation and economic empowerment programs. The implications of this study underscore the necessity of revising the regional regulation to align with the supremacy of law and integrating a rehabilitative approach into a more comprehensive and equitable prostitution prevention policy.

Culinary MSMEs play a crucial role in supporting the regional economy, including in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. However, sole proprietorships in this sector still face significant challenges, particularly related to limited access to capital. This study aims to explore the relationship between limited capital and the sustainability of sole proprietorships in the culinary sector in Kolaka Regency, considering influencing factors such as family support, local government policies, and local market dynamics. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. Informants were purposively selected from sole proprietorships in the culinary sector who had been operating their businesses for at least two years. The results show that limited capital is not only a simple financial barrier but also directly impacts the business's ability to innovate, maintain product quality, expand market reach, and survive competition. Most entrepreneurs rely on personal capital and informal loans from family, while access to formal financial institutions remains very limited due to complicated administrative procedures and low financial literacy. Business sustainability is heavily influenced by personal adaptation strategies, community support, and the gradual building of customer trust. This study recommends strengthening financial literacy, simplifying credit access procedures, and enhancing local government involvement in building a more environmentally friendly business ecosystem for local culinary MSMEs.

Reading ability is a fundamental skill that strongly influences the academic success of junior high school students, particularly ninth graders in preparing for national examinations. Nevertheless, many students continue to face difficulties in reading, including speed, comprehension, and motivation. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing learning guidance services to improve the reading skills of ninth-grade students, while identifying supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review from relevant scientific sources published within the last ten years. The findings reveal that learning guidance services play a crucial role in enhancing reading skills, learning motivation, and student independence. Guidance and counseling teachers act as strategic facilitators, while support from the school environment and family strengthens the success of the program. The practical implications highlight that structured, continuous, and collaborative learning guidance programs can help students better understand reading materials and develop positive study habits. Practical recommendations are addressed to teachers, counselors, and schools to design more varied and student-centered guidance services.

This study aims to examine how faith rooted in the family has implications for children's character education. The family is the first and foremost environment in human life, where children begin to learn about life values, including faith, morals, and responsibility. In Christian families, parents play a crucial role in instilling and fostering faith through living examples, praying together, and participating in Church life. This study employed a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The analysis was conducted by reviewing various scientific sources and Church documents relevant to the research theme, such as Familiaris Consortio and Amoris Laetitia, which emphasize the role of the family as a "domestic Church." The documents of the Second Vatican Council, as well as relevant journals and books, were also used. The results of the study indicate that faith that lives and grows within the family has a significant influence on the formation of children's character. The values ​​of faith taught within the family, such as love, honesty, responsibility, and concern for others, form an important foundation for developing good character. Through consistent faith education within the family, children can grow into individuals with faith, morals, and the ability to live responsibly in society.

Anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern with significant implications for maternal and fetal health. One contributing factor to its high prevalence is the limited knowledge among pregnant women regarding early detection. Health education serves as a crucial promotive-preventive strategy to enhance awareness of anemia’s signs, symptoms, and risks. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of health education in improving knowledge of early detection of anemia among pregnant women in the Galala Community Health Center working area. A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design with a quantitative approach was employed. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women selected using total sampling. Respondents received structured health education on early detection of anemia, and their knowledge levels were assessed before and after the intervention using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods, with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test applied due to non-normal distribution. Results indicated a significant improvement in knowledge after education (p = 0.000), with most respondents shifting from poor or moderate knowledge to good knowledge. The study concludes that health education effectively increases pregnant women’s knowledge of anemia detection and should be systematically integrated into antenatal care to prevent anemia and improve maternal health outcomes.

Limited understanding of inheritance law and village financial management among village officials remains a significant issue that may trigger social conflict and weaken village governance effectiveness. This community service program aims to strengthen the capacity of village officials through inheritance law socialization and assistance in village financial management. The activity employed a descriptive method with a participatory approach. Implementation was carried out through structured socialization sessions, interactive discussions, and direct technical assistance adjusted to village administrative practices. Data collection techniques included observation, documentation, and pre-and post-activity evaluations to measure participants’ understanding. The results demonstrate an improvement in village officials’ knowledge of basic inheritance law principles and their awareness of transparent, accountable, and regulation-based village financial management. Furthermore, the program enhanced officials’ understanding of their strategic role in addressing community legal issues and supporting good village governance. Overall, this activity contributes to improving the professionalism and accountability of village administration in delivering community-oriented public services.

This study examines the predictive influence of religious habituation and teacher role modeling on students’ emotional intelligence in an Islamic elementary school context. A quantitative approach with an ex post facto design was employed, involving 78 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that religious habituation has a positive and significant effect on students’ emotional intelligence, while teacher role modeling demonstrates a relatively stronger contribution. Simultaneously, both variables significantly predict emotional intelligence, explaining 74.9% of its variance. These results suggest that students’ socio-emotional development is shaped by the integration of structured religious practices and pedagogical modeling within the school environment. The study contributes to the ecological-religious perspective on character education by emphasizing the importance of consistent spiritual habituation and teachers’ personal competence in fostering emotional regulation and social skills. Practically, Islamic elementary schools are encouraged to strengthen religious culture programs and support teachers’ emotional and moral development to enhance students’ emotional intelligence.

The Society 5.0 era promotes the integration of cyber-physical technology through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data for human welfare, where digital zakat transformation becomes a crucial strategy to bridge the wide gap between national zakat potential (±IDR 327 trillion) and its actual collection. This study aims to analyze digital zakat transformation strategies in accelerating poverty alleviation in Indonesia within the smart society era. The research method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach using a library research method, analyzing literature from the 2020-2025 period sourced from digital databases. The results indicate that the implementation of digital technologies such as fintech platforms, blockchain, and QRIS significantly enhances transparency, accountability, and muzakki trust, while accelerating fund distribution time by up to 50%. Digital-based productive zakat strategies through MSME empowerment have proven effective in increasing mustahik's average income by up to 100%, facilitating the transformation of mustahik into independent muzakki. This study concludes that digital zakat transformation serves as a primary catalyst for achieving the first pillar of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (No Poverty), although its success requires national regulatory harmonization and the strengthening of technological infrastructure in rural areas.

This study aims to design and develop a functionally efficient and operationally effective Internet of Things (IoT)-based air quality monitoring system for radiology departments. The system utilises a DHT22 sensor integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller to monitor the temperature and humidity of diagnostic rooms in real time, and to display the data via the UdaraKu mobile application. The research method employed a quantitative experimental approach focused on measuring system performance, specifically the accuracy of the temperature and humidity sensors. The research model used was the Research and Development (R&D) method, aimed at transforming conventional air quality monitoring in radiology into a real-time digital system based on IoT. The research results indicate that the IoT-based monitoring system is capable of maintaining room temperature and humidity stability within the ideal range, namely 22–24°C and 50–60% RH, in accordance with international standards. This improvement in environmental stability has a direct impact on reducing noise in digital radiography images, as evidenced by an increase in the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Instrument validation demonstrated a high level of reliability with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.848, reinforcing the reliability of the data and the system. Overall, the IoT-based air quality monitoring system has proven effective in controlling noise in digital radiography images, improving the quality of diagnostic services, and supporting patient safety principles and operational efficiency within radiology departments.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is often associated with neurovascular compression in the trigeminal nerve root entry zone, necessitating the simultaneous visualisation of nerves and blood vessels. Fusion of 3D SPACE and 3D TOF MRA images provides an integrated neurovascular view; however, not all hospitals have fusion software. This study developed a MATLAB-based image fusion method as an alternative and evaluated its equivalence to hospital-based fusion software.Methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative research design, conducted in November 2025 at Diponegoro National Hospital and Dr Kariadi General Hospital in Semarang. A total of 16 brain MRI datasets (3D SPACE and 3D TOF MRA) were fused using hospital software and the MATLAB fusion application (MATLAB R2025b GUI). The fusion results were assessed by specialist radiologists. Diagnostic performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity, NDP, NDN, accuracy) were calculated, and paired differences were tested using the McNemar test. Intra-observer reliability was assessed using percentage agreement and Cohen’s Kappa.Results: MATLAB fusion yielded a sensitivity of 90.91%, specificity of 80.00%, NDP of 90.91%, NDN of 80.00%, and accuracy of 87.50%; the McNemar test (p=1.000) indicated no significant difference. Intra-observer reliability was very good (percent agreement 94%; Kappa 0.875). These findings indicate that MATLAB-based fusion is equivalent to hospital software fusion on the study data and has the potential to serve as an alternative in facilities without fusion software, provided that registration standardisation and user training are in place.

The most frequent complaint among pregnant women, particularly during the second and third trimesters, is sleep difficulties. Emotional disorders, physical exhaustion, and a higher chance of pregnancy difficulties can all result from poor sleep. Back massage combined with lavender aromatherapy is one non-pharmacological treatment that has been shown to be safe for enhancing the quality of sleep. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of lavender back massage on pregnant women's sleep quality. Thirty third-trimester pregnant women in the West Halmahera Community Health Center (Puskesmas) operating area participated in the study, which employed a pre-experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest methodology. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the quality of sleep. According to the findings, the majority of respondents (76.7%) experienced poor sleep quality before to the back massage, with an average PSQI score of 11.2. The PSQI score dropped to 6.1 following three days of lavender back massages, indicating a substantial improvement in sleep quality. The Wilcoxon statistical test revealed a substantial increase in sleep quality following the intervention, with p = 0.000. According to the study's findings, back massage with lavender can be suggested as a safe supplemental therapy in prenatal care services as it effectively improves pregnant women's sleep quality.