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Problems in public services are often encountered in their implementation even though standards and laws have been established. In the evaluation of the PATEN policy in Ciledug District, Tangerang City, there are problems including the timeliness of service, service costs, and supporting resources for service implementation. The government has attempted to bring about an innovation in the field of public services through the District Integrated Administrative Services (PATEN) policy regulated in Permendagri Number 4 of 2010, which contains the delegation of authority from regents to sub-district heads. Following up on the Permendagri, the government of Tangerang City has implemented integrated sub-district administration services, especially in Ciledug District. This type of research is a qualitative research with a descriptive research type. The writing method used is the literature study research method, a series of activities related to the method of collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and processing research materials. The results showed that the implementation seen from the aspect of service costs was sufficient and according to fairness standards and from the aspect of service time and supporting resources for the implementation of services was inadequate. The purpose of the District Integrated Administrative Services has not been optimally achieved because the type of delegation of authority given is considered not to be effective and efficient in creating quality services and getting closer to the community. The advice given is to add service support facilities and improve service methods so that service times are better, as well as to review the types of delegation of authority given to sub-district heads so that the policy objectives are achieved more optimally.

Regurgitation or often called spitting up is the passage of refluxed gastric contents into the pharynx or mouth, sometimes with expulsion from the mouth. Complications that occur when excessive spitting up causes Gastroesophageal Reflux, which is backflow from the stomach to the esophagus which causes damage to the esophageal wall. In Indonesia, the incidence of spitting up in infants aged 2 months is higher than other countries. 25% of babies spit up >4 times during the first month, 50% spit up 1-4 times a day until 3 months of age. 30% of mothers also experience anxiety about spitting up, where anxiety is related to spitting up frequency of 66% and spitting up volume of 9%. As well as symptoms that accompany spitting up such as crying and fussing. (IDAI, 2016). This type of research is experimental (experimental research) with a one shot case study/post test only design approach. The population in this study were all infants aged 0-6 months. The sampling technique in this study was carried out using a non-probability sampling technique, namely the type of purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 16 people. The instrument used is the observation sheet. The univariate analysis aims to explain or describe the distribution of spitting up frequencies in infants before and after massage. For numerical data, the mean or average value is used, and for categorical data, the chi-square is used. This study uses the Shapiro Wilk normality test to determine whether the data is normally distributed or not. Then a paired sample T-test was performed. The average value of spitting up before baby massage is 0.500 with a standard deviation of 0.516. The average value of spitting up after baby massage is done with an average value of 0.686 with a standard deviation of 0.479. The results of the statistical test using the Paired T-Test obtained a p value of 0.003, which means that Ho was rejected, so it can be concluded that there is a difference in the frequency of spitting up before and after baby massage. There are differences in spitting up disorders in babies who are massaged and not massaged. Where the average baby who was massaged did not spit up while the baby who was not massaged had spit up.

The low student learning outcomes are caused by a lack of ability to understand concepts and many students are not serious about working on questions, so that learning is not optimal and effective. Therefore, the general aim of this research is to describe the influence of TGT type cooperative learning based on badeglar media on the conceptual understanding of class X students at Adi Luhur Vocational School for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method in this research uses a pre-experimental method, namely comparing the results of the pretest and posttest with the research population being all class X students at Adi Luhur Vocational School and the sample used in this research is the population itself. Data was collected using test techniques with test sheet research instruments. The data is processed according to parametric statistical calculations. The results of this research prove that the use of TGT type cooperative learning based on counting funnel media has a positive effect on student learning outcomes. The average percentage of student learning outcomes using t-test calculations where tcount is greater than ttable, namely 3.277 > 1.740. So it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, in other words there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest

Entering elementary school age is a very important time for the continuity of a child's development. Children have many activities that are often directly related to a dirty environment that causes children to be susceptible to disease. Parental support in terms that are very important for children's independence, especially in personal hygiene. The purpose of this study was to find out if there is a relationship between parental parenting and personal hygiene independence in elementary school children in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Manado. The design of this study uses a cross sectional approach. . This type of research is observational. The sample in this study was 50 respondents. Respondents with the measuring tool used in this study is questionnaires and then data collected and processed using the SPSS computer program,, to be analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results of the study using the Chi-square test found that the value of p value was less than a significant value (0.01<0.05) the results of this study showed that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. The conclusion that can be taken is the parenting of parents have a relationship to personal hygiene independence in elementary school children. The results of this study can be a means of education for parents in improving the independence of children's personal hygiene.

This study aims to determine the external factors and internal factors that cause learning difficulties and their relationship with the learning outcomes of Biology class XI IPA MAN 3 Padang. The change in the online learning process to offline learning since the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on external factors and internal factors that cause learning difficulties that affect student learning outcomes. This type of research is descriptive with quantitative research methods. The study was carried out at MAN 3 Padang with a population of 165 students of class XI science who were registered in the even semester of the academic year 2021/2022, with a sample of 33 students. The sampling technique is random sampling, which is done randomly, using an error rate of 5%. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire containing statements of external factors and internal factors of students' learning difficulties using a Likert scale, and documents on students' learning outcomes for Biology in the even mid-semester exams for the 2021/2022 academic year. From the results of the study, it is known that the level of learning difficulties for external factors obtained an average value of 3.52 in the high category, while the level of learning difficulties for internal factors had an average value of 3.26 in the high category. The results of the Pearson product moment correlation test using the SPSS 20 program obtained a value on the external factor of 0.073 which is strongly correlated and the form of the relationship is negative and the internal factor has a value of 0.910 which is perfectly correlated with the negative relationship between external factors and internal factors with Biology learning outcomes in students. class XI IPA MAN 3 Padang. The results of the t test showed that the external factor tcount was -1.853 and the internal factor tcount was -113 indicating that there was no influence of external factors and internal factors (X) on students’ Biology learning outcomes (Y).

This study aims to determine the relationship between motivation and learning outcomes of biology in class XI MIPA SMAN 1 Luhak Nan Duo, West Pasaman Regency. In the learning process, motivation plays an important role, especially student learning outcomes. This type of research is descriptive with quantitative research methods. The research was conducted at SMAN 1 Luhak Nan Duo, West Pasaman Regency with a population of 126 students of class XI MIPA enrolled in the odd semester of the academic year 2021/2022, with a sample of 94 students. The sampling technique was simple random sampling which was carried out randomly, using a significance of = 5%. The data collection in this study used a questionnaire containing statements of student learning motivation using a Likert scale, odd mid-semester exam scores for the 2021/2022 academic year. The results of the Pearson product moment correlation test are 0.611 (61.1%) on extrinsic motivation (X1) and intrinsic motivation (X2) of 0.505 (50.5)%, meaning that there is a fairly strong relationship between extrinsic motivation (X1) and intrinsic motivation. (X2) with the results of learning biology in class XI MIPA SMAN 1 Luhak Nan Duo, West Pasaman Regency. The results of the t-test showed that the t-count of extrinsic motivation (X1) was 7.410 and the t-count of intrinsic motivation (X2) was 5.618 indicating that there was a significant relationship. The coefficient of determination of extrinsic motivation (X1) is 37.4% and intrinsic motivation (X2) is 25.5%, this means that extrinsic motivation (X1) and intrinsic motivation (X2) contribute to student biology learning outcomes (Y).

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor of the breast, lump or single mass often present in the upper outer quadrant region, this lump is hard and irregularly shaped and can be moved. Breast cancer as the most common type of cancer in women. In every year more than 250,000 new cases of breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer in Putri Hijau Hospital Medan 2014-2022 was 43 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age and parity with breast cancer Kebonjati Bandung Hopital. This research was an Analytical Survey with Cross Sectional approach that is a research where the measurement of free variable and dependent variable is done in the same time. This study used the Total Population method to take a sample where the entire population amounted 43 cases of breast cancer. Techniques of data collection were secondary data that was taken from medical record of Kebonjati Hospital Bandung. Breast cancer stands out at the age of 40-50 years as many as 18 people (41. 9%) and in multiparous parity as many as 21 people (48. 8%). The results showed that the variable age ρ = 0. 036 and parity ρ = 0. 023 < 0. 05, it eans there is a significant relationship between age and parity with breast cancer. Conclusions in this study were respondents who are at high risk of developing breast cancer occurs at the age of 40-50 years and multiparity parity. For health workers are expected to provide health promotion and provide proper and prompt health services in breast cancer disease so that it can reduce mortality.

Changes in society will continue for as long as people interact with one another. The phenomenon of urbanization is one form of social change. This is because of geographical, biological, economic, and cultural factors, as well as shifts in social norms, influenced social change. Social change cannot be viewed solely from one perspective because it can result in shifts in numerous social society sectors. This indicates that social change will always occur within society as a whole. Naturally, this social change occurs not only as a result of the individuals who wish to change but also as a result of developments in various fields, particularly technology. Based on theories of social change, the author tries to describe the social changes that take place in society. The type research used is field research while the data collection thecnique is carried out by observation and interview. This research was conducted in Sampung village, Sampung district, Ponorogo Regency to know of the reason why people urbaniz and the impact of urbanization on social and environtmental origin. The result of this study concluded that, 1) the reason how people urbanizm because the economic case, geographical, population compesition, ideology, biological,  and new discoveries, 2) the impact of urbanization can improve the economic case and the spread of technology on the other hand it also results in a redaction in agricultural land and social tempest within the family.

The purpose of this study is to find out how the effectiveness of the E-Library of Angkasa Pura II (Elora) in increasing digital literacy at PT Angkasa Pura II (Persero). This type of research uses qualitative methods with descriptive research types. Data collection techniques using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. The research results were carried out from the theory of program effectiveness according to Budiani (2007:53) with 4 (four) indicators. First, namely the accuracy of the program's targets is appropriate, seen from the exact program targets, which PT Angkasa Pura II is aimed at all employees who intend to increase their knowledge. Second, the socialization of the program cannot be said to be effective as seen from the fact that there are still many employees of PT Angkasa Pura II who have not used the Elora application because the socialization does not vary only through WhatsApp groups and corporate email. Third, the program objectives are appropriate, seen from the Elora application, it really helps employees in terms of increasing digital knowledge and literacy. Fourth, program monitoring has been carried out by the organizing team through monitoring and evaluation. In addition, program monitoring can also be seen at the Management Review Meeting every month, but there is still no follow-up to make improvements as a result of the evaluation carried out.

Lawang Sewu is a historic building owned by PT KAI in Operational Area 4 Semarang, Central Java. Lawang Sewu is a relic from the Dutch Colonial period. Now Lawang Sewu has become a cultural heritage building that is included in the building protection law. In this museum we can find the legacy of the old PT KAI. Lawang Sewu is also one of the leading tourist attractions in the city of Semarang and witnessed the 5-day battle in Semarang which took place from 14 to 19 August 1949 and is marked by the location of the Tugu Muda Monument which is on the west side of Lawang Sewu or more precisely at the Jalan Pandanaran roundabout. As an architectural and tourist object, Lawang Sewu has the value needed in the definition of a monument and monumental nature. These values include aspects of history, technology, architecture, and culture. Currently the Lawang Sewu building houses a collection of trains in Indonesia from time to time. Collections such as Alkmaar, Edmonson machines, calculating machines, typewriters, replica steam locomotives, securities, and several other collections. This place is also often used for community activities such as exhibitions, festivals, art performances, shooting, wedding parties and photo shoots.    

Immunization is one of the efforts to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases and also one of the efforts to reduce child mortality. Therefore immunization efforts need to be continuously increased to achieve a high level of community immunity so that diseases that can be prevented by immunization. This community service was carried out on September 15, 2022 in Kaya Pangur Village, Pokhisen District, Southeast Aceh Regency. The target of this activity is mothers who have babies and toddlers at Posyandu. Participants 28 participants consisting of mothers of babies under five, cadres, and midwives. This counseling activity was carried out in the form of providing material related to the importance of immunization starting from the definition, types and benefits of each immunization, the side effects of each immunization.

Today, the world of education is experiencing a shift from its true values. The education system used places too much emphasis on intellectual aspects, textual values, and charitable morality. However, they pay less attention to aspects of personal character formation, value education, and sensitivity and social responsibility. This situation should not be allowed to continue. Now is the time for stakeholders who are involved in organizing education to return education to the "spirit" idealized by the father of national education, Ki Hajar Dewantara, regarding education that is free. This paper is the result of exploring Ki Hajar Dewantara's ideas on education. Done by using literature review. From the results of a literature search it was concluded that education that liberates will produce three types of people. First, it will give birth to humans who are not ruled by other people, but their minds can rule themselves. Second, giving birth to humans who stand tall because of their own strength. Third, to give birth to human beings who are capable of self-discipline, so that they do not interfere with the independence of others.

The digitalization of the economy gave rise to a variety of e-commerce that rivaled and detracted from youth and adult consumers on Facebook. The purpose of this study was to analyze the interest of adolescent and adult consumers in products promoted through Facebook social media in the rural areas of South Brebes, Rembang and Kudus. 10 people were represented in each region consisting of 5 teenagers and 5 adults using a purposive sampling technique. Methods of data collection using observation and interviews with researchers as the main research instruments. The research was carried out in each of the designated rural areas. The data from this study were analyzed using inductive analysis techniques and data triangulation was carried out to ensure the validity of the data. The results of this study showed that the interest of rural adolescents and adults in products promoted through social media Facebook had differences in terms of objectives, types of products they were interested in, and types of interest. Teenagers are interested in beauty and fashion products with exploratory interest types, while adults are interested in products from daily necessities, household goods, to hobbies, with interest types including transactional, preferential, referential, explorative, and selling interests. Interest in selling is something that is interesting and different from other interests

One of the basic needs of every human being is to find happiness and be able to express it. One alternative that is often used by individuals in expressing happiness is social media. Happiness is also basically relative, depending on which perspective the expression of happiness is valued. This paper will search to describe various expressions of individual happiness on social media. The general concept of happiness from the perspective of the study of moral philosophy, in this case, hedonism and eudaimonism, is used in this paper as an analytical knife for this phenomenon. In addition, as a comparison, Islamic values are also presented in this theme. This type of study is library research with the main data sources being national journals, books, and other reading materials. The results of this study found that expressions of happiness on social media are quite diverse including shared reality, self-portraits (selfies), obtaining rewards, exploring and obtaining various entertainment from social media, and charity activities. Besides that, there are also expressions of happiness that are capable of harming others, including bullying and sharing hoaxes. These various activities have positive and negative positions from the point of view of moral philosophy and then the concept of Islam was born to complement and give birth to signs of obtaining happiness on social media.

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of transfer prices and preferential relationship transactions on tax avoidance and to test and analyze the effect of profitability in moderating transfer prices and preferential relationship transactions on tax avoidance in infrastructure companies that are flattened on the indonesian stock exchange. The selection of samples in this study used the purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria, obtained by 23 companies for 6 years so that the total sample used was 138 data. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial statements in the 2016-2021 period. This hypothesis is tested using descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple regression and moderation test, hypothesis test, namely t test and r analysis test. The results of this study show that partially the price of transfers and special relationship transactions has a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance. Profitability cannot strengthen but significantly affect transfer prices and preferential relationship transactions on tax avoidance

This study aims to determine the effect of brand image and product quality on purchasing decisions on Toreko’s product. The research method used is a qualitative description approach. The type of data is secondary data. The data collection method is to collect materials taken from previous related studies. The results showed that brand image and product quality had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions in Toreko's business.

Kedai Vespa Palu is a coffee shop business that has been established since 2017 which is engaged in the culinary field. With the main sale of coffee-type drinks. Kedai Vespa Palu in running its business certainly requires financial management of operational management and strategies to fulfill the sustainability of the business. By doing operational management and strategic management and doing business analysis to maintain the sustainability of the business. as for the business results that have been achieved by the hammer vespa shop, namely raw material management, operational management and strategies that are useful for increasing services and turnover of hammer vespa shops. Kedai Vespa Palu will continue to strive to improve the quality of servants and operations, and strategies to achieve even greater targets to develop the business.

Gold Savings is a gold balance deposit service that makes it easier for people to invest in gold savings. Gold savings are one type of investment that is in great demand by the public. This study aims to determine whether or not there is an effect of income, knowledge and quality of service on customer interest in saving gold. This research method is quantitative with multiple linear regression analysis as the analysis tool. The population in this study was 336 respondents, the sample was determined using the slovin formula, the sample in this study was 77 respondents and this research was conducted on customers of the Sharia Pawnshop Unit of UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. The results of this study indicate that the results of the F-test of income, knowledge and service quality variables together have a significant effect on customer interest in saving gold, by t-test income does not significantly affect customer interest in saving gold, knowledge has a significant effect on customer interest. saving gold and service quality significantly influence customer interest in saving gold.  

Efforts to increase income, provide employment, contribute to the availability of animal protein and increase production activities are part of food security in the aquaculture sector. Based on data reported from the DGT KKP Statistics, (2021) aquaculture can increase production activities, where in 2020 the third quarter of fish farming production reached 11.5 million tons and increased to 12.25 million tons in 2021 in the third quarter.  Alternative techniques that can be done as an effort to increase fish farming production results are optimizing the use of biofloc system technology (Pramono et al., 2018; Faridah et al., 2019 and Permana et al., 2021). This biofloc system is a union of living organic substances into the form of blobs, where this biofloc is composed of the word bio which means life while floc means blob. For example, in tilapia farming, to increase production results so that they can ... Meeting market demand can implement a biofloc system. Tilapia is classified as a type of freshwater fish that is in great demand in the market. The advantages of implementing a biofloc system in tilapia farming are environmentally friendly so that it is easy to carry out advanced cultivation, there is efficiency in water utilization, short maintenance period, and maximizing stocking density. In addition to the advantages, there are also obstacles faced, fish farming with a biofloc system such as lack of understanding of fish farming with the biofloc method, directly providing feed without paying attention and lack of water quality control. Furthermore, the research conducted implemented the observational descriptive method. 

Trade receivables represent bills arising from the sale of merchandise or services on credit. Trade receivables are usually given by sales to buyers on the basis of trust, without being accompanied by a written agreement, except for certain customers such as sub-distributors. The impact of uncollectible accounts is that it causes a risk of decreasing company profitability, which in turn can cause losses for the company. Uncollectible receivables are debts owed by other parties for a business transaction. The type of research used in this study is a qualitative descriptive research method, using secondary data collected through the process of observation, interviews and documentation at PT. Tri Sapta Jaya Sibolga. The following data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and triangulation. In the results of interviews with PT. Tri Sapta Jaya Sibolga concluded that the amount of uncollectible accounts based on the age of the receivables obtained the value of uncollectible receivables as being 1-30 days old, which means current, 31-60 days meaning substandard, 91-180 days meaning doubtful, and 181-365 days means uncollectible, where in 2017 the condition of uncollectible receivables was 9,605,854,106, in 2018 it was 12,002,571,945, in 2019 it was 17,345,325,639, in 2020 it was 8,349,776,069 and in 2021 it was 8,638,971,561.56 The results of the study show that the cause of receivables is the weak credit administration and control system that occurs because creditors do not implement the system based on predetermined procedures.