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This study investigates doctor–patient communication strategies in overcoming verbal and non-verbal language barriers within the Pain Clinic of RSUD Genteng Banyuwangi, a public hospital in East Java, Indonesia. Pain clinics pose unique communicative challenges, as patients often struggle to express their discomfort clearly due to limited health literacy, cultural norms, or emotional inhibitions. This research aims to identify and analyze the communicative methods employed by doctors to facilitate accurate information exchange and build therapeutic rapport with patients experiencing chronic pain. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study applies Conversation Analysis (CA) to naturally occurring doctor–patient consultations recorded through non-intrusive video methods. Verbal and non-verbal interactions were transcribed and analyzed to uncover recurring communicative patterns. The data were interpreted through sociolinguistic and pragmatic lenses to account for the local language diversity and cultural context of Banyuwangi. Findings reveal that doctors employ multiple strategies to clarify meaning and adapt communication: repetition, strategic questioning, utterance correction, and linguistic adaptation. Additionally, doctors interpret and respond to patients' non-verbal cues, including vocal tone, facial expressions, and body gestures, to supplement incomplete verbal communication. These strategies not only enhance diagnostic accuracy but also promote empathy, trust, and patient-centered care. The study concludes that effective communication in pain clinics must account for linguistic diversity, cultural sensitivities, and emotional dynamics. Adaptive and empathetic communication fosters better understanding, reduces the risk of diagnostic error, and improves treatment outcomes. The findings offer practical implications for clinical training and healthcare policy, particularly in multicultural and linguistically diverse settings.

Dessert as a dessert, which is part of culinary in various cultures. Dessert is not only a dessert, but also reflects creativity and innovation in the culinary field. This study aims to analyze the comparative level of adding vannamei shrimp (Litopeaneus Vanname) to the cold dessert formulation on sensory properties (color, aroma, texture, and taste) and chemical composition (protein content and fat content). The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments of adding vannamei shrimp, namely 10% (A1), 20% (A2), and 30% (A3). The results of the organoleptic test showed that treatment A1 (10% shrimp addition) gave the best value on all sensory parameters, with an aroma value of 4.3 (like), taste 4.7 (like), texture 4.2 (like), and color 4.2 (like). Chemical analysis showed that treatment A1 produced a protein content of 4.21% and a fat content of 8.46%. The addition of vannamei shrimp to the cold dessert formulation is an attractive taste innovation for consumers. This study concludes that the addition of vannamei shrimp to cold dessert formulations can be an attractive alternative to improve the quality and nutritional value of products, as well as meet the growing needs of consumers.

Traditional Bakera treatment or a kind of traditional spa is a treatment carried out by postpartum mothers, all traditional Bakera treatment methods use herbal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine how to utilize bakera in postpartum mothers in the Taratara Health Center work area. The type of research used was descriptive qualitative research, with informants consisting of 2 postpartum mothers, 1 village head, and 1 health worker domiciled in Taratara village. The results of the study through in-depth interviews with researchers with 4 informants showed that traditional Bakera treatment has benefits for the healing process of postpartum mothers such as helping to smooth blood circulation, removing toxins that are not needed by the body, accelerating the healing of external wounds after giving birth, helping to warm the body, accelerating the healing of internal wounds, helping to remove dirty blood after giving birth, facilitating breast milk production, increasing appetite, and facilitating the digestive tract.

The biggest challenge of today's health problems is still related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). HIV and AIDS still have a negative stigma in society and are the cause of sufferers, still receiving bad treatment by their families. Every two minutes, one teenage girl or young woman is infected with HIV. In 2021, an estimated 250,000 teenage girls or young women are infected with HIV. The purpose of this community service is for teenagers and the community to recognize early on the signs of people with HIV and AIDS and to stay away from promiscuity which is one of the causes of the increase in HIV and AIDS. The implementation method is carried out by educating teenagers at the high school level aged 15-19 years and the community in Sannggaria Village. The implementation of education is carried out by providing lectures and video presentations explaining early sexual education. The results of the implementation of early sexual education for teenagers showed that 30 teenagers and 20 parents participated in the activity. The results of the knowledge evaluation showed that 90.75% of teenagers understood the material given. There are still teenagers who lack of understanding because in the middle of the process there were obstacles in absorbing information because the teenager had to attend other activities. Conclusion: adolescents' knowledge about HIV and AIDS is good but it needs to be emphasized in families to always supervise their teenagers.

Acute bronchitis, a common respiratory infection, is a significant medical problem, especially among adults, characterized by the sudden onset of a persistent cough, with or without sputum production. Symptoms are self-limiting, usually mild, and resolve spontaneously within 1 to 3 weeks. Current epidemiological data in Indonesia for bronchitis are not recorded with certainty. Still, the incidence of acute respiratory infections with symptoms similar to acute bronchitis is recorded as the highest in Papua at 10.5%, and in Jakarta itself only recorded at 2.7%. This case study discusses a 20-year-old man with complaints of cough with phlegm for 1 week before coming to the health center with thin, white sputum that worsens with activity and exposure to air pollution. Complaints are accompanied by fever and headache. The patient is a light smoker and lives with the patient's brother, who has similar complaints and is also an active smoker in a house with minimal ventilation in a polluted environment due to street dust. Physical examination of the thorax found coarse rhonchi in both lung fields, which led to the diagnosis of acute bronchitis. Based on this case, it was found that the importance of complete and comprehensive treatment of acute bronchitis in men is expected to be a guide to promote treatment and prevention in cases of acute bronchitis.

The production process is a crucial aspect in ink formulation, especially violet spot color inks for gravure printing applications, which cannot be accurately reproduced through conventional process printing systems (CMYK). This research aims to optimize the production parameters of violet gravure inks that often exhibit color instability due to delays in the grinding and adjusting stages. The main focus of this research is to analyze the effect of variations in grinding duration, post-grinding aging time, and the amount of raw material on ink color yield, which is evaluated based on density, CIE Lab*, and ΔE parameters. The methodology used was a descriptive experiment on a laboratory scale. The results showed that the optimal treatment combination of grinding for 90 minutes, aging for 48 hours, and the use of 400 grams of material (P3K2L4) produced the highest density value (1.858) and ΔE (0.572), indicating color stability despite quantity variations. This finding indicates that optimization of grinding and aging time contributes to the improvement of pigment dispersion homogeneity and thermal stability of the resin, even without direct measurement of the transition glass temperature (Tg) value.

Tuberculosis is still a health problem in the community, regular treatment can minimize transmission, and the combination of herbal medicine with anti-tuberculosis drugs can reduce tuberculosis symptoms. Currently, the community does not understand herbal medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. Health education is needed for information about the benefits and impacts of herbal medicine in the treatment of tuberculosis. The purpose of this community service is to provide information to families as a companion to the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. This community service uses a participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. This approach allows for active interaction with the community. This community service uses lecture and discussion methods for families at risk of tuberculosis, education is given with a time of 1 (one) meeting with a duration of 60 minutes. The media used are leaflets and booklets to make it easier for families to understand herbal medicine. The results obtained after health education were carried out were an increase in family understanding of the benefits and side effects of using herbal medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. It is hoped that health education can provide information about the use and side effects in the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. Keywords: Health education, Herbal Medicine, Tuberculosis

Puskesmas are the spearhead of the government in providing basic health services to the community in Indonesia. Puskesmas are required to provide excellent quality services to the community, but these expectations have not been met. Government efforts are then made through independent financial management of the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD). Karang Rejo Health Centre is one of the Health Centres that successfully received a designation by the Government of Tarakan City, North Kalimantan Province as one of the Independent Health Centres with BLUD management. This study aims to analyse the role & interaction between political actors or leaders in Puskesmas in improving the quality of excellent service at Karang Rejo Puskesmas. The research informants are 1). Head of Puskesmas, 2). The Head of Section and Head of Administration. Visitors include patients who come for treatment and take care of health certificates. The research used descriptive qualitative research in order to explore in-depth information about the excellent service of Karang Rejo Health Centre. The results showed that first the Head of Puskesmas is a professional doctor, as a political actor has a very important role, especially when conducting vertical interactions and horizontal interactions. Vertical interaction with the leaders above him (head of department, regent) and horizontal interaction with the leaders below him (head of section & head of administration), causing Karang Rejo Health Centre to become independent with BLUD management. Secondly, in the dimensions of public service quality at Puskesmas Karang Rejo, West Tarakan Sub-district, Tarakan City, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, which has been running optimally with an achievement of 85% is the reliability dimension, the responsiveness dimension and the guarantee dimension. These dimensions can be optimal due to changes in the Puskesmas institution which was previously not independent in terms of its finances, turning into independent with BLUD management. Meanwhile, the dimensions of public service quality that have not run optimally and require improved management, amounting to 15%, namely the dimensions of physical evidence and empathy.

Robusta coffee is one of Indonesia's leading commodities with high economic value. The flavor quality of coffee is greatly influenced by post-harvest processes, particularly drying methods and roasting temperatures. This study aims to determine the effects of two drying methods—Viss Dryer and Mason Dryer—and three roasting temperatures (190°C, 197°C, and 200°C) on the flavor profile of robusta coffee at PTPN I Regional 5 Kebun Malangsari. The evaluation was conducted through cupping tests by trained and untrained panelists. Parameters assessed included aroma, flavor, aftertaste, salt/acid, mouthfeel, and balance. The results showed that roasting temperature significantly affected aroma and flavor, with 200°C yielding the highest scores across panelist groups. Drying methods had a more limited effect; trained panelists preferred coffee dried with the Mason Dryer, whereas untrained panelists favored coffee dried with the Viss Dryer. Other parameters such as aftertaste, salt/acid, mouthfeel, and balance showed no significant differences among treatments. The optimal combination, based on trained panelists’ evaluations, was achieved using the Mason Dryer with a roasting temperature of 200°C. These findings underscore the importance of precise roasting temperature control in enhancing the sensory quality of robusta coffee and reveal how panelist experience levels can influence sensory preferences for drying methods. The results provide practical insights for post-harvest coffee processing to improve product quality and competitiveness in both national and international markets.

Patient adherence to medication regimens is a crucial factor in achieving therapeutic success, especially in chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as infections like tuberculosis. Low adherence can lead to complications, treatment failure, and a potential increase in antimicrobial resistance. This study reviews various interventions and factors affecting medication adherence. Through an analysis of six scientific articles, it explores the effectiveness of calendar packaging, pill boxes, poster media, and technology-based interventions in improving adherence. In addition, patient characteristics, including gender, age, education level, occupation, and comorbidity, are also analyzed to understand their contribution to adherence. The results indicate that structured and personalized interventions, often supported by technology, have significant potential to improve patient adherence. However, effective implementation requires a deep understanding of patient characteristics and adaptation to individual needs. These findings are expected to provide insight for healthcare providers in designing more effective intervention strategies to improve patient adherence and health outcomes.

This research was carried out at the Multipurpose Health Center, Sako District, Palembang City. The purpose of this study is to find out the health services provided to Healthy Indonesia Card (KIS) patients at the multivehicle health center and to find out what factors are obstacles in providing maximum service to Healthy Indonesia Card (KIS) patients at the health center. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include primary data collection in the form of interviews and field observations, as well as secondary data collection in the form of documentation and literature studies. The determination of informants in this study uses the purposive sampling technique. The result of the analysis of this study is Health Services for KIS Patients at the Multiwahana Health Center, Sako District, Palembang City based on PERMENKES Number 04 Article (3) of 2019 concerning Minimum Service Standards (SPM). Health is assessed from the number of quality goods/services, quantity and quality of infrastructure. Health human resources and procedures for meeting standards are running well, this can be seen from the free services provided to KIS participants, namely KIS participants get basic health services at the Puskesmas free of charge, including examinations, treatments, immunizations and maternal and child health services. The provision of medicines at the Puskesmas ensures the availability of essential medicines needed by KIS participants. However, the flow of procedures and services at the multipurpose health center is quite clear, simple, not convoluted, and the officers are friendly. Then, the inhibiting factor in providing services to KIS patients is that there are still many people or patients who are not interested in the Healthy Indonesia Card program.

The implementation of coal mining activities with an open pit system at the end of its activities will leave behind the remains of former mining holes. Control of acid mine water is something that needs to be done during mining activities until the end of the mining process because acid mine water can cause a decrease in the quality of surface water and groundwater and have an impact on the survival of humans and biota that live on land and water. The initial characteristics of water using the floating treatment method of wetland, the pH, TSS, Fe, and Mn values ​​of ex-mining lake water do not meet the quality standards of the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021. The ability of water hyacinth plants to increase pH for 25 days is quite good with an initial pH value of 4.13 to 7.34. For 25 days, the TSS parameter of water hyacinth plants is also good at reducing TSS levels with an initial value of 6 mg/L to 3 mg/L, the Fe parameter of water hyacinth plants is also good at reducing iron levels with an initial value of 1.06 mg/L to 0.34 mg/L, while the Mn parameter of water hyacinth plants is quite good at reducing manganese levels with an initial value of 1.13 mg/L to 0.32 mg/L.

Background: Bell's Palsy is a condition of facial muscle weakness due to inflammation or damage to the VII cranial nerve (facial nerve), which is classified as a primary acute idiopathic lower motor neuron (LMN) type. This condition is characterized by unilateral facial paralysis and pain in the mastoid area, which can affect the patient's quality of life. Method: This study design used a case report method which observed one patient with a case of Bell Palsy Right. Physiotherapy intervention was carried out during four meetings at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, with therapy modalities including Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), massage, and mirror exercise. Evaluation was carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for facial muscle strength, and the Ugo Fisch scale for functional ability. Results: This study shows that physiotherapy treatment during 4 meetings resulted in decreased pain, increased muscle strength, and increased functional ability with Bell palsy. Conclusion: Physiotherapy interventions in the form of TENS, massage, and mirror exercise are effective in reducing pain, increasing muscle strength, and improving functional abilities in patients with Bell's Palsy Right.

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant that contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. More than 160 phytochemical components have been identified in noni plants, most of which are polyphenol and antioxidant compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine a mathematical model of thin-layer drying in maximizing the development that can identify the characteristics of noni fruit. This study used an experimental method with slicing thickness treatments, namely: 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm, the drying tool used was a cabinet dryer, different temperature treatments ranging from 45 oC, 55 oC and 65 oC, with different drying times, namely: 3 mm thickness for 14 hours, 5 mm thickness for 16 hours and 7 mm thickness for 17 hours. The observation data were analyzed using a mathematical approach to complete the calculation of the mathematical model, the moisture ratio value was applied to various mathematical models, namely: the Midili et al, Page, Henderson pabis, logarithmic, Newton and modified Page models. Determination of constant values ​​using Microsoft Excel Solver Tools with input each drying model or equation used and curve fitting is carried out using non-linear regression analysis. The thin-layer drying model is obtained by finding the constant values ​​k, a and n of each model so that the best model for thin-layer drying of noni fruit is the page model for all temperatures with an R2 value at a temperature of 45 oC of 0.995 (RMSE 0.003), the R2 value at a temperature of 55 oC is 0.993, (RMSE 0.001) and at a temperature of 65 oC the R2 value is 0.992 (RMSE 0.000).

Under Law No. 1 of 2023 or the New Criminal Code, capital punishment is regulated as a punishment that involves the deprivation of the defendant's life for serious crimes committed, with its implementation following the procedural rules for capital punishment in Indonesia. The provisions outlined in Article 67 of the New Criminal Code specify the application of capital punishment in Indonesia, stating that it is no longer the primary punishment but rather the last resort after a ten-year probationary period. This study uses a normative legal method with legal sources such as primary legal materials, namely laws regulating capital punishment, as well as secondary legal materials, which explain and clarify the primary laws. The debate on capital punishment involves two main schools of thought, namely those who support the application of capital punishment for serious crimes and those who reject the application of capital punishment due to the human rights perspective adopted by the Indonesian state.  Criticism of the death penalty includes issues of the right to life and the legal treatment that should be given by the government to defendants for extraordinary crimes, especially in cases of corruption, premeditated murder, and narcotics. In this study, it was found that (1) the optimal form of regulation of the death penalty for extraordinary crimes has actually been implemented quite well, but the execution of the death penalty is still considered weak by the author because the execution must be preceded by a waiting period of several years in prison for the condemned prisoner (2) that the death penalty is not contrary to human rights, whether viewed from a legal, religious, or international perspective. (3) The new Criminal Code can balance the retributive and rehabilitative aspects as the ideal concept for the implementation of the death penalty. However, in some provisions, it is hoped that the death penalty can be used as a Premium Remedium in certain cases.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a condition that causes pain, tingling or weakness in the hands and fingers. CTS is caused by the depressed median nerve inside the carpal tunnel due to connective tissue. The implementation of therapy has an effect on reducing symptoms caused by CTS, including the implementation of Ultrasound, Tens and Exercise therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Ultrasound, Tens and Exercise therapy in the treatment of CTS. The method used in this study was a case study in a 54-year-old female patient diagnosed with CTS. Evaluation using NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) for pain, goniometer for LGS (Joint Range of Motion) and WHDI (Wrist Hand Disability Index) for functional activities. Therapy was carried out twice a week, patients showed a decrease in palm pain and tingling in the fingertips accompanied by an increase in LGS. The combination of Ultrasound, Tens and Exercise therapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of CTS so that it can be the right choice for this case.

Wounds are damage to body tissues caused by various factors, both external and internal, which can disrupt the normal function of these tissues. Many studies have focused on using natural ingredients as adjunctive therapy to accelerate wound healing. One plant that shows therapeutic potential is Garcinia mangostana L. This study aims to assess the therapeutic potential of Garcinia mangostana L. stem bark and fruit peel extracts in accelerating the healing of mice (Mus musculus) incision wounds. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three replicates, namely negative control mice (K-), positive control (K+), groups of mice given fruit peel and stem bark extracts of G. mangostana concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100%. All mice were cut with a wound diameter of 1 cm. The wounds were then left for 13 days with an interval of 3 days for measurement. The results showed that the administration of G. mangostana fruit peel and stem bark extracts had an effect in accelerating the healing of mice incision wounds. From these results, Garcinia mangostana L. has the potential as an additional therapy in accelerating wound healing in mice, which can be used as a basis for further research related to its application in humans.

This study aims to determine the effect of using the "Let's Get to Know Capital Letters" Board media on the learning outcomes of grade V MINU Waru I students in the Indonesian Language subject. This study uses a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design on 28 students. The instrument used was a written test given before and after the treatment. The pretest results showed an average value of 64.5, while the posttest increased to 83.2. Statistical tests showed significant results with a p value = 0.000 (<0.05), which indicates that there is a meaningful difference between before and after using the media. This board media is designed to facilitate students' visual and interactive understanding of capital letter material. The results of the study indicate that this media is effective in improving student learning outcomes. The use of concrete and fun media has been proven to increase student involvement and motivation in the Indonesian Language learning process. Thus, the application of innovative media like this can be an effective strategy to improve the quality of education in elementary schools.  

Education plays a very important role in shaping an individual’s character and mindset, including in preventing radicalism. With education, it is hoped that a person can develop themselves and bring positive change to the nation and state, so that education becomes a life guide reflected in every activity undertaken. The research method used this time is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This method was chosen because it aims to systematically describe facts or characteristics factually and accurately. This study presents data as it is without manipulation or other additional treatments. From an Islamic perspective, the values of tolerance, dialogue, and justice are important foundations in building a harmonious society. This research found that the integration of moderate Islamic values into the curriculum and campus activities can strengthen efforts to prevent radicalism. Radicalism on campus is a phenomenon that needs to be watched out for because it can threaten the values of tolerance, diversity, and national unity. Critical education not only provides space for students to think analytically and reflectively, but also equips them with social awareness. Building a campus free from radicalism is not only the responsibility of educational institutions, but also requires the active involvement of all campus elements, through strong collaboration between students, lecturers, as well as strengthening the values of moderation and inclusivity.

The growing elderly population in Indonesia has created structural challenges in the health care system. One of the crucial challenges arises in the aspect of medical decision-making that becomes increasingly complex, along with the decline in cognitive capacity, comorbidities, and chronic diseases that accompany this age group. Problems arise when elderly patients refuse medical treatment, while doctors have ethical and professional obligations to save lives. This condition is complicated by social pressure from families and collective cultural values that often ignore the right to individual autonomy. As a result, doctors are in a vulnerable position legally and ethically, especially when there are no regulations that explicitly and technically regulate the limits of professional responsibility. This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for doctors in the face of refusal of medical action by elderly patients. The method used is normative juridical, with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that there are no specific rules regarding the mechanism of informed refusal, evaluation of the decision-making capacity of elderly patients, and the limits of legal responsibility of doctors. This creates legal uncertainty, even when doctors have acted according to professional standards and medical ethics. This study recommends the establishment of technical regulations that strictly regulate the procedures for refusal of medical action by elderly patients. Legal protection for doctors is not only a professional guarantee, but also an integral part of a health system that is fair, sustainable, and ensures legal certainty in modern medical practice.