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This community service activity aims to improve the English alphabet pronunciation skills among students at MIS Miftahul Huda II in Palangka Raya City through the use of flashcard media. Students from the Elementary School Teacher Education (PGMI) program are actively involved in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of this program. The method used is a participatory approach, where PGMI students provide interactive learning using specially designed flashcards to help students recognize and correctly pronounce the alphabet. The results of this activity show a significant improvement in students' pronunciation skills and their enthusiasm for participating in the learning process. Additionally, the involvement of PGMI students in this program provides valuable practical experience in teaching and classroom management. Therefore, this activity is beneficial not only for the students but also for the professional competence development of PGMI students.

Effective communication is a crucial skill for educators, particularly in religious institutions like Pondok Pesantren. This community service project aimed to enhance the public speaking abilities of teachers and instructors at a Pondok Pesantren. Through interactive workshops and practical exercises, participants were trained in various aspects of public speaking, including voice modulation, body language, content organization, and audience engagement. The project emphasized the importance of clear and confident communication in imparting knowledge and religious teachings. Pre- and post-training evaluations showed significant improvements in the participants' public speaking skills, confidence levels, and teaching effectiveness. The project's success highlights the value of community service initiatives in promoting professional development and fostering a conducive learning environment within religious educational institutions

Leadership training for Intra-School Student Organization (OSIS) administrators at MA Al Hidayah Semarang to develop leadership skills in students who are responsible for leading organizations at school. This can help them learn concepts, and effective practices in the context of leadership. The methods used in this training are situation analysis, preparation, implementation, and evaluation. During the training, participants engage in various activities and exercises that involve understanding leadership concepts, effective communication, and organizational strategy. They learn how to communicate well with their peers, organize activities at school, motivate other students to participate, and make the right decisions and the importance of leadership ethics, such as integrity, responsibility, honesty, and a positive attitude. So that they can be good role models for other students and build a positive image of the OSIS at school. At the end of the training, participants are allowed to apply their new leadership skills through the OSIS work program. This service aims to provide practical experience to students in managing work programs, collaborating with members, working with teams, and facing organizational challenges that may arise. Leadership training aims to strengthen their leadership skills and make a real contribution to school development. It is hoped that this service can provide a strong foundation for them to become effective leaders and can have a positive impact on improving their school and community.

This research aims to discuss the application of cognitive learning theory in the learning process in elementary schools. The main focus is on how cognitive approaches can improve students' understanding and skills. The research methods used were literature studies and field observations in several elementary schools. Cognitive learning theory was developed by experts such as Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner, who emphasized the importance of internal mental processes in understanding information. Piaget described four stages of children's cognitive development, while Bruner emphasized discovery-based learning. The research results show that a cognitive approach to learning can increase learning effectiveness, student motivation, as well as critical and creative thinking abilities. Students taught using cognitive methods show active participation in class activities, increased understanding of the material, and higher academic scores compared to traditional learning methods. Teachers report that this method helps students develop higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills. The practical implications of this research suggest that cognitive learning methods should be widely applied in elementary schools to optimize students' learning potential.

This research aims to determine the influence of pastoral care on the involvement of people in diaconal duties. The research method used is a qualitative method through in-depth interviews with several sources involved in diakonia tasks. The research results show that pastoral care has a significant role in increasing people's awareness of the call to serve, providing the skills and knowledge needed to carry out diaconal duties effectively. Pastoral care acts as the main bridge in carrying out Christ's mission to gather those who need service. Through pastoral care, people feel restored in their faith, receive spiritual and practical support, and become involved in church services. Although this goal is sometimes difficult to achieve, pastoral care can increase people's involvement in diaconal duties with direct impacts in the form of growth in faith, new awareness, personality development, and optimism in living life. However, the influence of pastoral care on community involvement is not yet visible, because there are other influencing factors. Suggestions from this research are the need to further increase people's understanding of pastoral care, strengthen personal relationships between pastors and people, and develop spiritual education programs to understand the importance of diakonia and encourage active involvement in church services.

This research focuses on the utilization of ice cream sticks as an alternative material for wall decoration. The objective of this study is to enhance the creativity of participants, provide an economical solution for home decoration, increase awareness of the use of recycled materials, and explore new economic opportunities. The training program developed in this research aims to teach participants how to create aesthetically pleasing and unique wall decorations using ice cream sticks, a commonly available and inexpensive material. The training includes theoretical and practical sessions to ensure participants gain both knowledge and hands-on experience. The results show that participants not only developed new skills but also gained insights into potential business opportunities in the craft industry. Additionally, this study contributes to environmental sustainability by promoting the use of recycled materials. The findings suggest that with proper guidance and training, ice cream sticks can be effectively transformed into valuable decorative items, thereby offering both economic and environmental benefits.

This research aims to identify and examine the emergency preparedness of nurses in hospitals in dealing with disasters through the literature review method. Hospitals have an important role in disaster preparedness and management, because they must be able to provide a quick and effective response to emergency situations caused by disasters. Data were collected from articles and national journals published in the last 10 years, using related keywords such as "nurse preparedness", "emergency", "disaster management in hospitals", and "disaster training for nurses". Analysis was carried out on 30 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The research results show that nurses' knowledge of disaster management is still inadequate, even though many have basic knowledge of emergency protocols. Practical skills obtained through training and disaster simulations have a big influence on nurses' preparedness, but opportunities to take part in this training are not evenly distributed. Nurses' perceptions regarding hospital preparedness and themselves show that many feel that hospitals are not fully prepared to face major disasters. Hospital management support and access to relevant information are also important factors influencing nurse preparedness. Recommendations from this research include increasing routine disaster training and simulation programs, developing formal education curricula on disaster management, increasing hospital management support, utilizing information technology for quick access to disaster information, as well as monitoring and evaluating preparedness on a regular basis. By implementing these recommendations, it is hoped that nurses' preparedness in facing disasters can be improved, so that they are able to provide a fast and effective response in emergency situations, as well as improve patient safety.

The integration of metaverse technology in employee training has the potential to significantly enhance digital skills, collaboration, and overall learning outcomes in virtual workspaces. This study explores the effectiveness of metaverse-based training compared to traditional methods, focusing on participant engagement, learning retention, and practical application in immersive virtual environments. The results indicate that metaverse technology leads to increased participant engagement, offering real-time communication, interactive simulations, and realistic task scenarios that foster deeper involvement and better skill acquisition. Additionally, the immersive nature of metaverse platforms improves learning effectiveness, especially for high-risk tasks such as medical procedures and technical skills that benefit from hands-on experience. However, challenges such as technological barriers, infrastructure limitations, and initial resistance from employees were identified, requiring organizations to provide adequate support and training for smooth adoption. While the upfront costs of developing and maintaining metaverse training platforms are significant, the long-term benefits—such as scalability, reduced need for physical resources, and enhanced training outcomes—outweigh these initial investments. Organizations looking to implement metaverse-based training solutions should carefully consider the required technological infrastructure, support for employees, and privacy concerns. Future research should explore advancements in metaverse technology, including AI integration, and investigate the broader adoption of these technologies across various industries, focusing on overcoming adoption barriers and measuring their long-term impact on workforce development.

The importance of computational thinking skills has encouraged educational institutions around the world to integrate these concepts into their curricula. However, the challenge faced is finding the most effective learning methods and models to teach these skills. An appropriate learning model must not only be able to attract students' interest and motivation, but must also be able to increase their understanding and practical abilities in computational thinking. This research adopts a literature review method to explore information about effective learning models in improving students' computational thinking skills. Data was collected from various sources such as national and international journals, reference books, newspapers and magazines. The main aim of this literature review, as explained. The results of research on Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning show very positive results in improving students' computational thinking. These two models not only improve computational thinking skills, but also critical, creative and analytical thinking skills, as well as student participation and involvement in the learning process.

This study investigates the impact of introducing the basics of English morphology to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. Morphology, the study of word formation and structure, is fundamental to understanding and mastering any language. The research focuses on how foundational knowledge of English morphology influences EFL students' language acquisition and proficiency. By incorporating morphological instruction into the curriculum, students can enhance their vocabulary, improve their reading comprehension, and develop a deeper understanding of grammatical structures. The study involved a group of EFL students who received systematic instruction in morphology, including the identification and usage of roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure the student's progress. The results indicated a significant improvement in the student's linguistic skills, particularly their ability to decode and construct words and overall language comprehension. The findings suggest that integrating morphology into EFL teaching strategies can provide substantial benefits, facilitating more effective language learning and boosting students' confidence in English. This research underscores the importance of morphological awareness in EFL education and offers practical implications for educators aiming to enhance their teaching methods to support student success in acquiring English.

Premenstrual syndrome is a set of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur cyclically before menstruation, typically 1-14 days prior and disappear once menstruation begins. The COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate this situation by increasing academic and social stress levels among adolescent girls. Through counseling and practical sessions, adolescents are provided with an understanding of the importance of reproductive health and physical skills to manage dysmenorrhea symptoms. This community service aims to reduce primary dysmenorrhea symptoms in adolescent girls at Al-Hidayah Middle School, South Jakarta, through the implementation of health and fitness education. The methods used include providing Health and Fitness Education with pre-tests and post-tests to measure their understanding of dysmenorrhea; teaching adolescents how to reduce menstrual pain through videos, guided by educators and accompanied by assistants; and conducting evaluations to ensure understanding and enhance their interest. The results showed an increase in knowledge and a reduction in PMS anxiety among the adolescent girls. In conclusion, this activity successfully improved adolescents' understanding of reproductive health, but further evaluation is needed to measure its long-term impact.

Generation Z refers to the demographic group consisting of individuals born between the mid-1990s to the mid-2010s. This generation is also known as "Gen Z" or "iGen," and they are a group that is growing rapidly in an era of technology and information that continues to develop rapidly. As the first generation to grow up with the internet, social media and mobile technology, Generation Z is considered the most digitally connected group. They are growing up in an era where access to information is easier than ever. Generation Z is also often considered an intelligent, adaptive and collaborative group. They have become a significant marketing target due to their outsized influence on consumer trends and preferences. In addition, Generation Z is faced with various challenges, including preparing themselves for a dynamic job market, facing social and mental pressures, and being responsible for the impact of technology on daily life. Darurrohman Islamic Vocational School is an educational institution that has long been committed to providing high quality education with an Islamic approach to its students. With a strong vision and mission, this school not only focuses on academic aspects, but also pays special attention to the development of students' character and practical skills. The number of participants who took part in this seminar was 69 people. One of the aspects that is really paid attention to at Darurrohman Islamic Vocational School is awareness of financial management in the Gen Z era which is carried out for Darurrohman Islamic Vocational School students as a collaboration between lecturers and students of STIE Ekadharma Indonesia.

Ketosari Bener Purworejo Village is geographically one of the villages with narrow roads, with steep inclines and descents. Under these conditions, of course every vehicle, whether car or motorbike, that passes this road must be in good condition. A good engine condition is not enough if it is not supported by a good braking system. The condition of the engine and the performance of the brake system must be ensured that there is no interference or damage. This service activity aims to provide knowledge and information as well as practical or light skills to overcome problems and damage to motorbike brakes to the community. Service activities begin with preparation, implementation and reflection on activities. The training activities were carried out in the form of workshops, material presentations and questions and answers. The evaluation results obtained were: 1) Implementation of activities at 90%, 2) Mastery of resource material with a score of 95%, 3) Usefulness of the material or program with a score of 92%, and 4) Participant satisfaction with a score of 89%.

This research was motivated by the concern of the SPNF SKB 1 Samarinda institution towards increasing the skills and  knowledge learing residents. The aims of the research are (1) to describe of the Life Skills program through culinary training  for residents studying Package C at SPNF SKB 1 Samarinda, (2) to describe the success factors for implementing the Life Skills program through culinary training for residents studiying Package C at SPNF SKB 1 Samarinda. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The informants consisted of 1 head of the institution, 1 instructor, and 2 students. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Validity of data using triangulation of techniques and  sources. The research results show that Implementation of the Life Skills Program through Culinary Training has been carried out optimally, through several stages, namely training plainning, analysis of training needs through socialization, joint discussions and data collection tailored to the needs of learning residents, as well as funding allocated compregensively for training through central government. Secone, the training is carried out through practical methods, with the instructors role as informator, facillitator, motivator and evaluator, then the media used is audio and visual and teaching materials with modules created by the instructor. The three evaluations were carried out through observations of the training implementation with question and answer. The success factors in implementation with questions and answers the competence of competent instructors, active participation of learning residents in the training, as well as complete facillities and infrastructure.

Language skills are an important aspect that needs to be considered in children's development because they play a role in their social interaction skills. In general, children usually develop language skills naturally. However, this process may take place differently in children with autism due to disorders in their nervous system. Previous research has revealed variations in the development of autistic children's language skills and the efforts that can be made to help improve their language skills. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the language development of children with autism and analyse the efforts that have been made to improve their language skills through a systematic review. The search method used four electronic databases, namely Sinta, Semantic Scholar, Crossref, and Google Scholar, following the PRISMA Protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) for the 2019-2024 publication period. From a total of 54 articles identified, 15 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that autistic children tend to experience barriers in language development, especially in the early stages of development. These barriers vary between children. Therefore, positive support from the environment, implementation of practical strategies, and various therapies are needed to achieve optimal language skills in autistic children. It is hoped that this study can provide valuable input for developing more effective and targeted interventions.

Leadership is a vital skill in a variety of life contexts, including education, business, and society. This scientific article presents a comprehensive review of how to hone leadership skills through an experience-based approach. The research method used is a qualitative approach. The data used is data sourced from literature review. We explain key concepts in leadership, outline experience-based approaches, and identify the benefits and challenges associated with these approaches. Additionally, we offer practical strategies for implementing experience-based approaches in educational and leadership development contexts. This scientific article aims to provide a deeper understanding of how direct experience can be a strong foundation in developing effective leadership skills.

This study is motivated by the limited research on holistic education in developing 21st-century skills to address the challenges of the digital era, despite its significant implications for future human resource quality. The objective of this research is to explore the concept of holistic education based on 21st-century skills and its relevance in the digital era through a literature review approach. The method employed is qualitative, focusing on an analysis of academic literature, including documents, journals, books, and various scholarly sources. The analysis was conducted thematically to investigate the principles, models, and practices of holistic education that support the development of critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration skills. The findings indicate that holistic education can serve as a key approach to prepare younger generations to navigate the complexity of the digital era with adaptive, ethical, and innovative thinking skills. This review enriches the literature on holistic education and highlights the importance of an integrated approach that intertwines cognitive, emotional, social, and technological dimensions within the context of modern learning. Practical implications include recommendations for educators and policymakers to design curricula based on 21st-century skills and integrate digital technologies into building holistic learning processes. This study also offers opportunities for further research on the implementation of holistic education in diverse cultural and geographical contexts.

In carrying out teaching and learning activities, of course learning media is needed that can support student learning. E-module is a learning media that contains images, videos and quizzes that can provide feedback in learning for students. This research focuses on developmente-mode basedandroid on the use of hand tools. Developmente-mode based android uses the ADDIE development model which has several stages, namelyanalysis, design, development, implementation, andevaluation. This research uses a research designone group pretest-posttest. The subjects of this research were class X TAV SMKN 3 Surabaya with 32 students. Validation is carried out to measure feasibilitye-mode. Student responses are needed to measure practicalitye-mode during learning. Student learning outcomes in the knowledge domain and skills domain are analyzed using the T test to measure effectivenesse-mode in learning. The research results show that (1) the validity of the developmente-mode obtained a result of 83.89% with very valid criteria, which means it is very suitable for use in learning. (2) practicalitye-mode which was developed obtained student response results of 89.47% with very practical criteria, which meanse-modebased android very practical for use in learning to use hand tools. (3) effectivenesse-mode obtained from learning results in the knowledge domain and the attitude domain. In the knowledge domain, the average value is obtainedpre-test of 48.9, while the average valuepost-test amounted to 87.91, and the T test significance value was 0.000<0.05. In the skills domain, an average skill value of 91.92 was obtained, greater than the KKM value of 75, and a T test significance value of 0.000<0.05 was obtained. It can be concluded that there is a significant increase in student learning outcomes in the realm of knowledge and skills.

This research aims to develop learning tools based on science process skills on ecosystem materials at SMA Negeri 11 Enrekang. The research focuses on creating teaching modules and learner worksheets (LKPD) that can increase students' understanding and active involvement in biology learning. This study uses a 4-D development model consisting of four stages: definition, design, development, and deployment, with this research limited to the development stage. The methodology used involves analyzing the needs of students and teachers, designing learning tools, and testing the validity and practicality of the developed tools. The validity test involved two expert validators, while the practicality test was carried out by involving teachers at SMA Negeri 11 Enrekang. The assessment is carried out through a questionnaire that measures the validity and practicality of the learning tools. The results showed that the learning tools developed received an excellent validity assessment, with a "very valid" score for the teaching module and "valid" for the LKPD. The practicality test also showed positive results, with the learning tools rated "very practical" by teachers. These findings indicate that science process skills-based learning tools effectively improve students' understanding of ecosystem materials. This research significantly contributes to developing process skills-based learning tools, which can be adapted in other schools. Further research could test the applicability of these devices to other materials and in different schools to expand their application in biology learning.

This study analyzes the transformation of economic education towards educational investment as a means of strengthening human resources (HR) through a bibliometric approach. By utilizing Scopus basic data and the VOSviewer analysis tool, the study examines the trends in publications over the past ten years, focusing on key areas such as educational economics, educational investment, and HR development. The findings highlight that innovations in educational economics, including the integration of digital technology, project-based learning, and collaborations between educational institutions, government, and industry, are crucial in enhancing the effectiveness of educational investments. Additionally, the study reveals that the proper allocation of educational funds for infrastructure development, improving teaching quality, and implementing skills-based training programs significantly contributes to increasing workforce competitiveness and promoting sustainable economic growth. The research emphasizes that educational investment strategies must be aligned with the needs of industry and global challenges to foster adaptive and innovative human resources. Moreover, it stresses the importance of designing educational policies that are comprehensive, addressing the aspirations of individuals and the relevance of education to the labor market. Ultimately, the study offers valuable academic insights and practical recommendations for policymakers, educational institutions, and other stakeholders. It also provides guidance for developing effective strategies that optimize educational investment and support the cultivation of superior HR capable of driving future economic progress.