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This study explores the role of Management Audit in controlling the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Financial Function at PT Bank Mandiri (Persero). Management audit plays an important role in evaluating the performance of management and internal control systems in an organization. By conducting periodic management audits, PT Bank Mandiri can identify potential problems, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement in financial management so as to improve performance and reduce potential risks. The findings suggest that Management Audit is not only important to ensure compliance with internal regulations and policies but also to optimize resource utilization, identify profitable investment opportunities, and minimize financial risks. This serves as a strategic instrument in supporting the achievement of company goals and maintaining overall business continuity.This paper delves deeper into the importance of Management Audit in maintaining the financial health and business continuity of PT Bank Mandiri in the midst of the evolving dynamics of the banking industry. The analysis conducted, among others, examines management audit practices implemented by banks, challenges faced, and recommendations for improving the effectiveness of management audits to support the achievement of optimal financial and operational goals at PT Bank Mandiri.

This research aims to describe the short story writing ability of class IV students at SD Inpres Andi Tonro Makassar through the Problem Based Learning model and to describe the effective Problem Based Learning learning model applied in writing short stories for class IV students at SD Inpres Andi Tonro Makassar. This research uses the one group pretest-posttest design research method. The population in this study were all students in class IVA and class IVB at SD Inpres Andi Tonro Makassar. The sampling technique used is a data source retrieval technique with certain considerations with experimental class and control class samples. The instrument used is a test instrument in the form of essay questions to measure students' short story writing results using the Pretest - Posttest. Based on the research results, it shows that students' ability to write short stories after using the Problem Based Learning learning model in the experimental class is in the high category, namely a posttest result of 90.42. Meanwhile, the average score of the control class posttest results was in the low category, 72.50. It is proven in the management results of the hypothesis that Sig (2. Tailed) = 0.000, meaning that H_0 is rejected because Sig (2. Tailed) < α or (0.000 < 0.05). H_1 is accepted because Sig (Tailed) > α or (0.596 > 0.05). In the analysis of the T Sig <t_tabel or (0.596 <1.746) test, it is concluded that H_0 is rejected and H_1 is accepted, meaning that there is significant effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning model in learning to write short stories for fourth grade students at SD Inpres Andi Tonro Makassar.

This study discusses the influence of management audit, internal control system, and the role of internal audit on the implementation of good corporate governance principles in SOEs in Indonesia. The findings show that management audit practices, internal control systems, and internal audits have a significant role in supporting good corporate governance. The relationships found in this study highlight the importance for companies to develop and strengthen internal control systems, improve the effectiveness of internal audits, and ensure management's commitment in implementing good Good Corporate Governance (GCG) practices within the company. Based on the literature, it can be seen that management audit, internal control system, and the role of internal audit have a significant influence on Good Corporate Governance practices. Several studies have also shown that the implementation of GCG principles helps companies improve transparency, accountability, and compliance with organizational regulations

Inflammation is the body's response when it experiences injury, infection, antigen or cell damage, so it is a sign of something that is harmful to the body or disease. Galangal rhizomes (Kaempferia galanga L.) and Srikaya leaves (Annona squamosa L.) are plants that contain flavonoid compounds which have anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting the enzymes cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of a combination cream preparation of galangal rhizome extract and srikaya leaf extract as an anti-inflammatory. The various combinations used are a combination of 15 grams of kecur rhizome extract and 10 grams of srikaya leaf extract, 12.5 grams of srikaya rhizome extract and 12.5 grams of srikaya leaf extract, 10 grams of srikaya rhizome extract and 15 grams of srikaya leaf extract. The anti-inflammatory test uses 1% carrageenin induction of 0.1 ml, then the swelling that occurs is measured using a plastinometer. Based on the results obtained, a good anti-inflammatory power value was a combination of 15 grams of kencur rhizome extract with 10 grams of srikaya leaf extract with a value of 21.6216%. The results of the One Way Annova analysis obtained a p-value >0.05, which means there is no significant difference. So it can be concluded that various combinations of galangal rhizome extract and srikaya leaves are effective in mice induced by carrageenin. A post hoc Tuckey test was carried out on the AUC value, obtaining a p-value >0.05, so it can be concluded that there was no significant difference in the positive controls for formulas 1, 2 and 3.

The study evaluates the effectiveness of implementing a pickleball training model for middle-aged journalists in Surabaya, focusing on those aged 45-54. The research utilizes a quantitative one-group pretest-posttest design, with 33 male journalists participating. Over three weeks, participants engaged in eight pickleball training sessions. The study measures improvements in executing forehand, backhand, and serve shots using observational criteria. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 was employed for data analysis, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test due to the non-normal distribution of data. Results indicate significant improvements in all measured skills, evidenced by a p-value < 0.05. The average skill improvement was 65.53%, with specific gains in forehand, backhand, and serve skills noted. These findings suggest that pickleball not only enhances physical fitness but also contributes positively to emotional well-being, thanks to the enjoyable and social nature of the sport. The study highlights pickleball's low injury risk and its suitability for middle-aged individuals, promoting both physical health and social interaction. However, the absence of a control group is a limitation; future research should consider comparative studies to validate these findings further. Overall, pickleball appears to be an effective, enjoyable form of exercise for middle-aged professionals, enhancing both physical and psychological health.

Knowing the effectiveness of the CORE model in learning to write Indonesian biographical texts for class X Karangpucung Darussalam Vocational School is the aim of this research. The type used in this research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. The sampling technique is random sampling technique. Class X TKR 1 as the experimental class and class X TBSM 1 as the control class. In this analysis the data collection method is the experimental method. The results of the t-test assume that if t_count > t_table is 5.312 > 2.021 and the significance value is 0.05 then H_a will be accepted. The purpose of these results is to conclude that there is a significant difference between the post-test performance data for the experimental class and the control class. Therefore, this model has proven to be effective in writing biographical texts in class X at Karangpucung Darussalam Vocational School.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of internal control of drug inventory at Nahdlatul Ulama Hospital Tuban and to assess the suitability of the implementation of drug supply management with the applicable standards at Nahdlatul Ulama Hospital Tuban. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is stop-or-go sampling. The level of reliability (R%) used is 95% and determines DUPL 5%. Based on data analysis conducted on the effectiveness of internal control of drug supply at the Nahdlatul Ulama Hospital in Tuban and the management of drug supplies at the Nahdlatul Ulama Hospital in Tuban, it has been carried out in accordance with applicable government regulatory standards, it can be seen that: The results of the study on the effectiveness of internal control of drug supplies at the Nahdlatul Ulama Hospital Tuban showed effective results. This can be seen from the test results of the three attributes that did not find any errors in the examination, where 5% AUPL is the same as 5% DUPL. The pharmacy installation at the Nahdlatul Ulama Hospital has implemented the Minister of Health Regulation Number 72 of 2016 on procedures for procurement of pharmaceutical drug supplies, procedures for purchasing pharmaceutical drug supplies, procedures for receiving pharmaceutical drug supplies, procedures for storing pharmaceutical drug supplies, and procedures for distributing pharmaceutical drug supplies.

Synthetic dyes contain naphthol dyes, one of which contains Cr metal. tie woven wastewater treatment can be carried out using adsorption methods, one of which is using activated charcoal. This study aims to determine the effect of using coffee grounds as an adsorbent on woven textile waste. The method in this study is an experimental method in the form of Posttest Only Control Group Design. The test parameters include the degree of acidity (pH), organoleptic test, and Chromium (Cr) content test. The results showed that the pH test before contact with activated charcoal had a pH value of 5 (acid), after contact with activated charcoal the pH value became 7 (neutral). Thus, the pH value can be said to meet the quality standards of tie-weaving liquid waste. Meanwhile, in organoleptic testing, there was a change in color from black waste to clear yellow. Whereas in testing the Cr level before contact with activated charcoal reached 4.60 mg/l after the addition of a dose of activated charcoal the Cr level decreased to 0.46 mg/l, 0.22 mg/l, and 0.38 mg/l. The effectiveness of the adsorbent ability of the Cr content test in each treatment (P1, P2, P3), still meets the requirements for the quality standard of woven textile wastewater from Cr metal dyes, SNI No 06-6989-22-2004, it can be concluded that the addition of coffee grounds has an effect on of textile woven wastewater.

The unresolved problem of street vendors on H.R. Soebrantas Street is a dilemma. City planning problems and public order disturbances are always caused by the presence of street vendors. The Pekanbaru City Civil Service Police Unit, which assists the regional government in securing and enforcing regional government policies specifically in the field of public order, has often carried out enforcement for the sake of controlling, which is a supporting element for the regional government's duties. secure and implement regional government policies specifically in the field of public order. This research aims to determine the performance of the Civil Service Police Unit in controlling street vendors on Jalan H.R Soebrantas, Tampan/Binawidya District, Pekanbaru City. Apart from that, this research aims to determine and analyze the inhibiting factors in the process of controlling street vendors by the Civil Service Police Unit on Jalan H.R Soebrantas. This research uses Agus Dwiyanto's theory which uses indicators: Productivity, Service Quality, Responsiveness, Responsibility and Accountability. This research method uses qualitative methods and descriptive research which was carried out at the Pekanbaru City Civil Service Police Unit Office and on Jalan H.R Soebrantas. From the results of measurements of each sub-indicator of the research carried out, it can be stated that street vendor control activities by civil service police units have been implemented but are included in the Ineffective and Not Optimal category because there are still obstacles faced in the field, namely: lack of awareness among Street vendors understand Pekanbaru city regional regulations, lack of space to relocate traders on Jalan H.R Soebrantas, no monitoring post to supervise street vendors, and lack of facilities and infrastructure for controlling street vendors

This study evaluates the effectiveness of vaccination programs in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases in low-income countries. By analyzing immunization coverage data and disease prevalence rates, the research highlights the successes and challenges faced by vaccination initiatives. The findings indicate that comprehensive vaccination campaigns significantly decrease morbidity and mortality rates, emphasizing the need for sustained investment and community engagement to improve public health outcomes.

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are vital for managing and controlling critical infrastructures, such as industrial control systems, power grids, and transportation networks. These systems integrate digital and physical components, offering numerous benefits for industrial automation. However, the increasing interconnectivity of these systems has introduced new security vulnerabilities, particularly in anomaly detection and system reliability. This research aims to address these challenges by proposing an edge based anomaly detection framework that leverages lightweight deep learning models, specifically designed to operate efficiently on resource constrained edge devices. Literature Review: Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of anomaly detection in CPS, with traditional methods struggling to keep up with the complexity and scale of modern industrial environments. Machine learning and deep learning approaches, particularly hybrid models combining rule based systems and AI, have emerged as effective solutions for real time anomaly detection. Techniques such as model compression, quantization, and pruning are essential for adapting these models to resource limited edge devices while maintaining high detection accuracy and low latency. Materials and Method: The proposed framework integrates deep learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks, optimized for edge computing environments. The datasets used for training and testing include industrial network traffic and sensor anomaly datasets. Model optimization techniques like pruning and quantization were applied to reduce computational overhead and energy consumption on edge devices. Results and Discussion: The framework demonstrated high detection accuracy (AUC of 0.9720) with ultra low latency (0.0019 seconds training time), making it highly suitable for real time anomaly detection in CPS. Resource efficiency was achieved by optimizing the models for edge devices, reducing energy consumption while maintaining performance. The framework also significantly improved security by identifying anomalies early, preventing potential threats to critical infrastructures. Future directions include exploring federated learning to enhance privacy and data sharing across distributed devices.

This research aims to evaluate the use of the spinning top method in improving students' ability to understand physics concepts. The spinning top method, which involves active and interactive learning through physical demonstrations, is used as an alternative approach in teaching physics. This research involved students as research subjects and was carried out by comparing learning outcomes between the group that received training using the gasing method and the control group that used the conventional method. Data was collected through physics concept understanding tests before and after the intervention, as well as through classroom observations. Data analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the spinning top method in increasing students' understanding of physics concepts. It is hoped that the research results can provide valuable insight for educational practitioners in developing more interactive and effective learning strategies in the context of physics learning.

The background of this thesis is based on the role of pretrial which functions as a social control mechanism, its implementation in Indonesia still often experiences violations. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth analysis to identify the causes of these violations and find solutions to increase the effectiveness of pre-trials in protecting the rights of individuals who are disadvantaged in the application of criminal law in Indonesia. The problem formulation for this thesis is How pre-trial arrangements are made in positive law in Indonesia ? and What is the function and role of pretrial in criminal law enforcement in Indonesia? The research method for this thesis is Normative Juridical where the author examines phenomena related to Pre-Trial from the aspects of Legislation and Legal Principles. The results of this thesis research are that pretrial arrangements in the criminal justice system in Indonesia are regulated in Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code. Pretrial, in accordance with Article 1 point (10) in conjunction with Article 77 of the Criminal Procedure Code, is the authority of the district court to examine and decide on several matters, including whether or not an arrest and detention is legal, the termination of an investigation or prosecution, as well as requests for compensation or rehabilitation. Pretrial has an important role in maintaining the balance of law enforcement powers and individual rights in enforcing criminal law. Its main function is to control law enforcement actions and procedures, ensuring justice and compliance with applicable laws. Pretrial is also closely related to the principle of Habeas Corpus which guarantees that a person must not be detained without a valid reason and must be immediately brought to justice. Through pretrial proceedings, individuals can protect themselves from arbitrary actions by law enforcement and seek redress if their rights are violated. Pretrial and the principle of Habeas Corpus together form an important part of the criminal law system in Indonesia which focuses on justice and the protection of human rights.    

The impact of LBW poses many risks regarding problems in the body's system due to unstable body condition which can cause death. The causes of LBW are due to fetal factors, placental factors and maternal factors. Preeclampsia is a problem of serious maternal factors and has a high level of complexity. The results of the preliminary study in 2021 totaled 34 people with preeclampsia and 60 cases of low birth weight babies. Research objective is to determine the effectiveness of compresses of warm water and hibiscus leaves in lowering the body temperature of toddlers in the Banua Lawas Health Center area. The research methods is Quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test research design without a control group. A sample of 30 people were divided into warm water compress groups and hibiscus leaf compress groups. Collecting data by observing according to SOP (Standard Operating Procedure). Data analysis using wilxocon. Resulted that the mean temperature in the warm water compress group before being given was 36.9°C and after being given was 36.3°C (the difference was 0.58°C). The average temperature in the hibiscus leaf compress group before being given was 36.8 °C and after being given 36.1 °C (the difference was 0,33 °C). There is a difference between warm water compresses and hibiscus leaves in reducing temperature in toddlers with fever in the Banua Lawas Health Center area (p-value ˂ 0.000). Concluded that both types of compresses are effective in reducing body temperature in children with fever but warm water compresses are more effective than hibiscus leaf compresses.

Hypertension is a health problem that often occurs in society. Uncontrolled hypertension can trigger degenerative diseases such as heart disease and kidney failure. One therapy used to lower blood pressure is celery leaf therapy. To determine the effectiveness of celery leaf juice and boiled celery leaves on blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension. This type of quantitative research is a Quasi Experimental design with Two Group pretest – posttest Control Group. The sampling technique used simple random sampling with a sample size of 32 people. The instruments in this study used a tensimeter, stethoscope, and observation sheet. Research results using the Wilxocon test and Mann Whitney U Test showed that the results of the analysis of celery leaf juice had a sig value of systolic ρ↑alue= 0.000≤α 0.05 and diastolic ρ-νalue = 0.000≤0.05. The results of the analysis of boiled celery leaves showed a sig value of systolic ρ-νalue = 0.000≤α 0.05 and ρ-νalue diastolic = 0.000≤0.05, meaning that celery leaf juice and celery leaf decoction are effective for blood pressure in elderly people suffering from hypertension. Celery Leaf Juice and Celery Leaf Infusion are Effective for Blood Pressure in Elderly People with Hypertension

This study aims to determine the level of feasibility assessed from the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the PLC-based Logo Softcomfort Job Sheet. Development utilized the Research and Development (R&D) research method. This study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design and was conducted on 34 students of XII TITL 1 class. The research employed a validation instrument for the job sheet, with practicality assessed through student responses, and the effectiveness measured through the cognitive pre-test and posttest scores of students. The results indicate that the job sheet's validity yielded a rating of 94.19, categorized as "very valid." The practicality of the PLC job sheet resulted in a rating of 91.35, categorized as "very practical." Regarding the effectiveness of the PLC job sheet on cognitive learning outcomes, it resulted in a calculated t-value of 18.738, with a critical t-value (df = 66, α = 0.05) of 1.997, obtaining a significance value of 0.000. Based on these findings, the PLC job sheet based on Softcomfort can be considered valid, practical, and effective for use in IML learning at SMK Negeri 1 Pungging.    

Background: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that attacks many elderly people and increases the risk of death. The aging process causes elderly people to decrease their activity, resulting in the emergence of obesity, fat accumulation in blood vessels, and increased blood pressure. Data in the area supported by the Srondol Semarang Community Health Center in 2020 shows that hypertension is in first place on the list of the top 10 diseases there. One intervention that is safe and popular with the elderly and can help control blood pressure in the elderly is gamelan accompaniment exercise because it can increase blood flow and oxygen supply throughout the body, increase the elasticity of blood vessels and provide a relaxing effect. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of gamelan accompaniment to blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension. This research method is a pre-experimental one group pre and post test design and sampling using purposive sampling technique. The population of this study were elderly people who were recorded as suffering from hypertension at the Srondol Semarang Community Health Center. The research instrument used a digital spygmomanometer and video of gamelan accompaniment of exercises. The research stages consist of preparation, implementation and processing of research data. The steps taken at the preparation stage were literature studies, field surveys, discussions with lecturers and experts, developing procedures for implementing gamelan accompaniment exercises, expert reviews, and socializing the implementation of gamelan accompaniment exercises to the elderly and their families. The implementation stage was carried out by collecting data on elderly people registered at the Srondol Semarang Community Health Center, pre and post tests by measuring blood pressure using a spigmomanometer, implementing gamelan accompaniment exercises in accordance with the prepared SOP, observing the implementation of gamelan accompaniment exercises with an observation sheet. Then, at the data processing stage, a test was carried out on the effectiveness of gamelan accompaniment exercises on the blood pressure of elderly people with hypertension. The targeted output is publication in national journals indexed by Sinta and HAKI. The TKT target for implementing this gamelan accompaniment exercise is at level 2. The results of the study show a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p value 0.0001) with an error level (α) of 0.05, namely from 163.25 mmHg to 146.75 mmHg and from 100 .50 mmHg to 89.25 mmHg. Gamelan accompaniment exercises were concluded to be effective in lowering blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) in collecting hotel taxes in Dumai City. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study explores the factors influencing the effectiveness of tax collection and the obstacles encountered. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, which were then analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicate that although the objectives of tax collection have been clearly defined and provide benefits for regional development, several obstacles still hinder the achievement of the expected targets. The main obstacles include a lack of coordination between relevant parties, immature planning, and policies that are not yet fully effective. In addition, bad debts on hotel taxes are a major challenge that affects the effectiveness of tax collection. This study also found that a broad socialization strategy and the provision of adequate infrastructure have helped increase taxpayer awareness and compliance. However, supervision and control need to be improved to prevent irregularities and ensure taxpayer compliance. By improving coordination, more detailed planning, data-driven policies, more intensive education, the use of information technology, and stricter supervision, it is hoped that the effectiveness of hotel tax collection can be significantly improved. This research provides an important contribution to the Dumai City Bapenda and other local governments in their efforts to improve the effectiveness of regional tax collection. It is hoped that the recommendations provided can be implemented to overcome existing obstacles and increase regional original income (PAD) in a sustainable manner.

The vector of dengue fever is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In 2022, there will be 79 cases of dengue fever in Langsa City. Using chemical insecticides on mosquito larvae can create resistance for the larvae. Therefore, you can use the natural insecticide green betel leaves which contain essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins which are toxic and can affect the digestive system and nervous system of Aedes aegypti larvae. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L) as a natural insecticide. The research method is experimental. The study used 3 concentrations, namely 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% and there were positive control (abate) and negative control, each treatment had 3 repetitions. Each test contained 20 Aedes aegypti larvae and was observed every 4 hours for up to 24 hours. The results showed that green betel leaf extract can kill Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae with a percentage of 95% to 100%. Therefore, green betel leaf extract is effective as a natural insecticide on Aedes aegypti larvae.

This study explores how public service innovations in motor vehicle testing, based on Regional Public Service Agencies (BLUD), can improve road safety governance. In regions with rapidly growing motor vehicle populations, inadequate roadworthiness controls contribute to high traffic accident risks. While Indonesia has a regulatory framework for motor vehicle testing, service delivery remains largely administrative and lacks a strong focus on road safety. The study aims to assess how public service innovations can enhance road safety governance through local government-managed vehicle testing based on BLUD. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving local government officials, testing technicians, and service users. Thematic and interpretive data analysis identified governance dimensions that influence service effectiveness. The study finds that road safety governance improvement relies on four main capacities: relational, structural, resource, and adaptive. Although BLUD-based management offers flexibility for service innovation, its implementation has not fully aligned with road safety goals. Challenges remain in public trust, cross-agency coordination, resource availability, and organizational learning. The study concludes that integrating public service innovation with institutional capacity building and safety-focused performance management is essential for strengthening road safety governance. These findings highlight the strategic importance of motor vehicle testing in enhancing road safety and public value at the regional level.