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This article examines the concept of wisdom in Proverbs 1:7 as an ethical guideline for the growth of Christian faith. In the midst of modern challenges such as moral relativism, secularization, and the crisis of spiritual authority, a re-understanding of Biblical wisdom becomes a significant theological urgency. Through a hermeneutical-theological approach, this study integrates exegesis of the text of Proverbs 1:7 with contextual analysis and ethical reflection to show that the “fear of the LORD” is the epistemological and moral foundation of the believer's life. Wisdom, in the biblical sense, functions not only as a rational faculty, but also as a divine gift that shapes character, deepens relationship with God, and enables believers to live ethically in society. The results show that the growth of true Christian faith is reflected in an active spirituality and ethical actions that are rooted in a God-fearing relationship. Thus, Proverbs 1:7 is not only a theological basis, but also relevant as a practical principle in shaping an authentic and transformative Christian life in the contemporary era.

Christian religious education teachers need to play a role as counselors for behavioral changes in students in elementary education institutions including at the 04 Tahu Public Elementary School, Meranti District. Christian religious education teachers who carry out their main duties at the 04 Tahu Public Elementary School because some students at the school have bad behavior, which includes fighting with their friends, hitting their friends without reason, being lazy to do homework, and there are other problems that they do. This paper aims to explain the role of Christian religious education teachers as counselors in counseling students who have problems or are not problems, so that they experience increasingly significant behavioral changes. The methodology used in this study is qualitative with a data processing approach, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The formulation of the theoretical results of this thesis is that if Christian religious education teachers play a better role optimally, then students will experience behavioral changes that are expected by many people. Thus, the simple conclusion of this thesis is that the role of Christian religious education teachers is highly expected to play a major role in making behavioral changes for students, especially students at the 04 Tahu Public Elementary School.

Neurocognitive disorders, particularly dementia, affect various cognitive functions such as memory, attention, language, learning, and problem-solving, with the elderly population being the most impacted. The prevalence of dementia is projected to rise to 131 million cases by 2050, posing significant social and economic implications. This study employed a cross-sectional method to evaluate the role of Apolipoprotein A (APOA) and Apolipoprotein B (APOB) in the diagnosis and prevention of dementia in older adults. The results showed that Apolipoprotein A was not significantly correlated with MMSE scores, indicating no clear relationship between APOA and cognitive function. In contrast, Apolipoprotein B demonstrated a significant negative correlation with MMSE, suggesting that increased APOB levels are associated with cognitive decline. Elevated ApoB, linked to increased LDL and oxidative stress, correlated with reduced cognitive function, whereas ApoA, the main component of HDL, is associated with neuroprotective effects. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring lipid profiles, including ApoA and ApoB, in the prevention and management of dementia in the elderly.    

Traditional linguistics has been an important foundation in language studies for decades. However, with the development of the times and technological advances, traditional linguistics has faced challenges and criticism from various parties. The purpose of this study is to critically analyze traditional linguistics, identify advantages and disadvantages, and its relationship to culture as an inseparable part of traditional linguistics. This study uses a qualitative approach to deeply understand traditional linguistics through library research by analyzing various sources of literature relevant to traditional linguistics and various journals directly related to traditional linguistics. The results of the study indicate that traditional linguistics has advantages and disadvantages. It is hoped that this study can be a reference for other researchers who are interested in the topic of traditional linguistics to better understand language and culture.

This study aims to analyze the level of understanding of PSPK 23 B students at Medan State University on atomic theory questions. With a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through multiple-choice tests filled out by 30 students. The results showed an average understanding of 75.33%, which is quite good. However, there was significant variation where some students mastered basic concepts (eg Dalton and Thomson's atomic models), while others had difficulty with abstract topics (eg Bohr's model and quantum mechanics). This finding is in line with previous studies on misconceptions in atomic structure. This study emphasizes the importance of innovative learning strategies, such as visual media and conceptual approaches, to improve student understanding. Periodic evaluation is needed to detect learning gaps and adjust teaching methods. The results of this study can be a basis for developing more effective chemistry education practices.

Environmental education plays a crucial role in modern curricula, emphasizing sustainability and ecological responsibility to address global challenges. This study compares faith-based and secular environmental education strategies, focusing on how theological reflection and ecological consciousness are integrated into teaching frameworks. Faith-based schools, particularly those rooted in Christianity and Islam, incorporate ecological ethics within religious teachings, framing environmental stewardship as a moral and spiritual duty. In contrast, secular models prioritize scientific literacy and environmental problem-solving. The study reveals that faith-based models promote both scientific understanding and moral engagement with environmental issues through religious values like Imago Dei (in Christian schools) and khalifah (in Islamic schools). These values instill a sense of moral accountability, motivating students to act sustainably. The research also highlights how curriculum design, teacher involvement, and experiential learning contribute to the effectiveness of both models in fostering ecological responsibility. By comparing these approaches, the study proposes an integrative eco-theological pedagogical framework that combines the strengths of both methods to promote long-term commitment to sustainability. The findings have implications for educational policy, curriculum development, and teacher training, especially in pluralistic school settings where diverse perspectives must be considered. Integrating ecological ethics into education can cultivate a generation committed to sustainability and ethical responsibility.

An investigation was conducted at A State Senior High School in Kupang City, NTT.to assess how Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and Discovery Learning (DL) models differentially impact student learning activities and outcomes when teaching atomic structure. Adopting a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group, the study collected data through comprehensive activity questionnaires, observation sheets, and pretest/posttest instruments. The findings clearly showed that PjBL significantly boosted student learning activities, with an average score of 81.19, considerably higher than the 66.15 observed in the DL group. This significant difference was statistically confirmed by an independent samples t-test. Regarding learning outcomes, the PjBL group's average (70.97) was marginally better than the DL group's (68.89), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. It is suggested that limitations in learning time may have played a role in the learning outcomes. This study concludes that PjBL is superior for enhancing student engagement and activity, while both PjBL and DL are equally effective in improving student learning outcomes. Ultimately, the choice of a learning model should be strategically aligned with educational goals, subject matter, and the unique characteristics of the classroom to maximize student achievement.

Anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern and is commonly associated with iron deficiency. Iron (Fe) tablet supplementation is a key strategy to prevent anemia; however, adherence among pregnant women remains suboptimal. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family support and adherence to iron tablet consumption among second-trimester pregnant women in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Mandomai. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 30 pregnant women selected using total sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing respondents’ characteristics, family support, and adherence to iron tablet consumption. Univariate analysis was performed to describe variable distributions, while bivariate analysis was conducted using Kendall’s tau-b correlation test. The results showed that 50% of respondents were non-adherent to iron tablet consumption, and 50% reported receiving no family support. Bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant and very strong association between family support and adherence to iron tablet consumption (τ = −0.928; p < 0.001). The negative correlation reflected the coding direction, indicating that better family support was associated with higher adherence. These findings suggest that family support plays an important role in promoting adherence to iron supplementation during pregnancy. Family-centered approaches in antenatal care may enhance adherence and contribute to the prevention of anemia among pregnant women.

This article examines Christian inclusivism through the theological tension between the centrality of Christ and the breadth of God’s grace in the context of the contemporary Indonesian church. Using a qualitative library-based and constructive-theological approach, the study analyzes the concepts of wider hope, general revelation, fulfillment model, Karl Rahner’s anonymous Christianity, and evangelical inclusivism. The article argues that Christian inclusivism is not a weak compromise between exclusivism and pluralism, but a constructive framework that preserves Christ as the center of salvation while acknowledging the possibility of divine work beyond the formal boundaries of the church. In Indonesia’s multireligious society, this model helps the church develop a faithful yet dialogical public presence. It supports witness without coercion, interfaith dialogue without the loss of Christian identity, and social cooperation without relativizing Christ. Furthermore, inclusivism encourages the church to articulate its faith with humility, openness, and responsibility. Thus, inclusivism offers a relevant theology of religions for ecclesial life, mission, and public engagement in contemporary Indonesia.

Liver disease is an increasingly prevalent health problem among the productive-age population, primarily driven by unhealthy lifestyles, alcohol consumption, obesity, and the risk of hepatitis infection. Liver dysfunction often presents no specific symptoms in its early stages, making early detection challenging. The Community Service Program (PKM) conducted in Grogol Village aimed to raise public awareness about the importance of early liver function screening through SGOT and SGPT enzyme assessments. This activity included education on risk factors as well as on-site liver enzyme testing for participants. Among the 71 participants, 18 individuals (25.35%) had elevated SGOT levels, and 17 individuals (23.94%) showed SGPT levels exceeding normal limits. These findings highlight the importance of early liver function screening in preventing the progression to chronic liver diseases such as NAFLD or hepatitis, and in serving as an indicator of cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, routine liver enzyme testing can serve as a foundation for increasing public awareness about the importance of maintaining liver and metabolic health in a sustainable manner.

The concept of the Kingdom of God in Matthew's Gospel is a central theme of the Teaching of Jesus Christ. The Kingdom of God can be understood as the reign of God that has entered this age through the presence of Jesus and will be perfect at His second coming. This research aims to understand the concept of the Kingdom of God in the Gospel of Matthew and its implications for the lives of believers. This research method uses textual and historical analysis to understand the concept of the Kingdom of God in the Gospel of Matthew. The results of the study show that the Kingdom of God has some very special characteristics, such as a government that is sinless and not weak before God, full of the Holy Spirit, and has great power to do extraordinary things.Jesus taught the concept of God's Kingdom through compelling parables and demonstrated important aspects of God's Kingdom. This research also shows that the coming of God's Kingdom refers to the second coming of Jesus, in which the Kingdom will be present in full power. Therefore, believers must be ready to receive the Kingdom of God in their lives and to demonstrate God's power in their actions.

This study explores the representation and subversion of gender norms in the film Clueless (1995), directed by Amy Heckerling, using Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity. The film blends teen humor with social critique on class, identity, and gender, illustrating how gender identities are constructed and performed through characters such as Cher, Tai, and Christian. By analyzing these characters’ performances, the study reveals how gender is not a fixed identity but a dynamic social construct shaped by repeated actions and societal expectations. Fashion plays a pivotal role in this performativity, highlighting gender as both a stylized performance and a marker of individuality. Additionally, the subversion of traditional masculinity and the critique of gender norms through humor offer alternative portrayals of gender roles. The study concludes that Clueless challenges and redefines gender identities, reinforcing the idea that gender is fluid and performative, thus providing a powerful tool for critiquing and reshaping societal norms.

Competence means the ability needed to do or carry out work based on knowledge, skills and attitudes. Social competence is one of the five competencies that must be possessed by a Christian Religious Education Teacher. A teacher's social competence is seen from his ability to communicate and interact with students, fellow educators, parents and the community. The importance of social competence for a professional Christian Religious Education Teacher is to build positive relationships with students, create collaboration with fellow educators, build communication with parents as well as with the surrounding community and the whole form of the relationship is as an effort from an educator in understanding others.  Creating and maintaining good social relationships means that it contains care and empathy as taught by Jesus as Great Master so that everyone not only pays attention to their own interests but also the interests of others including the interests of students.

In the historical and theological context, the Kingdom of God is understood not as a political or geographical kingdom, but as a spiritual reality present in human life and history. Through an analysis of Mark 1:15, this journal explains that the coming of Jesus signifies the fulfillment of God's plan of salvation and calls people to repent and believe in the gospel. This study also highlights Jesus' use of parables, such as the parable of the mustard seed and the growing seed, which illustrate the growth and characteristics of the Kingdom of God. By emphasizing the importance of repentance and faith, the results of the teachings indicate that the Kingdom of God is cultivating spiritual change in individuals. The conclusions obtained imply that although the Kingdom of God is already present, its full realization still awaits fulfillment in the future. Therefore, this paper recommends that Christians dig deeper into the concept of the Kingdom of God, improving their understanding and application of Kingdom values in daily life as a response to Jesus' teachings.

This study aims to identify challenges and formulate strategies for the implementation of professional competencies of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers based on artificial intelligence (AI) at the primary school level, with a focus on SD Negeri 071162 Esiwa. The background of this study begins with the increasing demands of the digital curriculum, while PAK teachers still face limitations in technological literacy, digital infrastructure, and the availability of contextualized Christian faith-based learning media. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, classroom observations, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of one principal and ten students in grades IV-VI. The results showed that low mastery of technology by teachers, limited digital devices, and lack of institutional support are the main obstacles in the integration of AI in PAK learning. However, AI has great potential to enhance students' learning experience spiritually and digitally through interactive, visual, and narrative Bible-based approaches. This research recommends spiritual technology-based teacher training, strengthening school infrastructure, developing contextualized teaching materials based on local culture, and collaboration between schools, churches, and Christian app developers. The findings contribute to the development of an adaptive, contextual, and transpersonal PAK learning model.

The digital transformation has redefined how Christian leaders fulfill their roles, shifting leadership from being solely grounded in physical presence to requiring adaptability in digital environments. This study explores the key factors that influence the multiplication of effective Christian leadership in the digital era, focusing on maintaining a balance between technological engagement and spiritual integrity. Using a qualitative approach based on literature review, the study identifies several crucial elements contributing to leadership effectiveness: strong digital communication skills, impactful online presence, structured online discipleship, and hybrid ministry models that integrate both virtual and in-person interactions. These factors help leaders reach wider audiences and foster community despite geographical barriers. However, the digital context also introduces new challenges, such as the risk of superficial spiritual relationships and the temptation to prioritize digital popularity over genuine spiritual growth. The findings highlight the need for Christian leaders to uphold their core values, authenticity, and moral responsibility in the face of technological advancement. By doing so, they can maintain trust, inspire their followers, and expand their ministry influence while navigating the complexities of a rapidly evolving digital landscape. This study concludes that the future of Christian leadership depends on leaders who are both digitally competent and spiritually grounded.

This study examines the strategic role of collaborative learning in strengthening students’ faith and character within the context of Christian Religious Education (CRE). In the face of globalization and the rapid development of digital technology, CRE is increasingly expected to go beyond the transmission of theological knowledge and actively nurture the application of Christian values in daily life. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research includes classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis involving both teachers and students engaged in collaborative learning. The results show that collaborative learning fosters active student engagement, character formation, improved social interaction, and a deeper understanding of spiritual values. Teachers are shown to play a critical role as facilitators, cultivating an inclusive and dialogical classroom environment. The study finds that this learning model effectively integrates faith development with critical thinking and interpersonal skills. The findings also underscore the importance of pedagogical innovation in CRE to better respond to the educational needs of a younger generation living in a diverse and digitally connected society. Therefore, collaborative learning can be viewed as a relevant and impactful strategy for renewing Christian education in today’s complex educational landscape.

This study aims to explain the moral values taught to the Church of Christ by the Apostolic Fathers. Through a literature review, it was found that the main principles of the teachings and way of life of the Apostolic Fathers were centered on Christ. They held firmly to apostolic dogma and accepted the authority of the Bible as the foundation of church teaching. The moral values they passed down became a model that shaped the foundation of the universal church throughout history. Figures such as Polycarp, Ignatius, Hermas, Clement, and Papias were devout church leaders who received direct guidance and the laying on of hands from the apostles of Jesus. Their steadfastness of faith often led to martyrdom, which is seen as a true confession of faith in the likeness of Christ. The spiritual heritage of the Apostolic Fathers remains relevant and can be interpreted within various cultural contexts, including the practice of church life in Indonesia. Through their exemplary lives and teachings, the Apostolic Fathers emphasized the importance of Christ-centered faith and obedience to the Scriptures. Thus, the moral values they taught continue to serve as guidelines for the church throughout all generations.

The Gospel of Luke places special emphasis on the concept of the Kingdom of God as the core of the preaching of Jesus Christ. In Luke's understanding, the Kingdom of God is not merely an eschatological reality that will come in the future, but also a spiritual reality that has been present through the work, teachings, and ministry of Jesus. This study aims to explore in depth the meaning, characteristics, and implications of the Kingdom of God as presented in the Gospel of Luke. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study of biblical texts and relevant theological references. The results of the study show that the Kingdom of God in the Gospel of Luke has several important aspects, namely being theocentric, dynamic, messianic, and closely related to salvation. The Kingdom of God is present in the ministry of Jesus and is marked by real actions such as forgiveness of sins, healing, and preaching to marginalized groups. The implications of this study emphasize that a correct understanding of the Kingdom of God will bring about radical changes in life and require repentance, faith, and active involvement in the preaching of the Gospel. Thus, the concept of the Kingdom of God in the Gospel of Luke has strong relevance to the lives of believers today.

This article explores the challenges and opportunities faced by the authority of the Bible in the context of postmodern culture. Postmodernism—characterized by truth relativism, the deconstruction of meaning, and skepticism toward institutions—has significantly shifted society’s perception of authoritative texts, including Scripture. Drawing on key thinkers such as Lyotard, Derrida, Vanhoozer, and Grenz, the study examines how biblical authority is no longer universally accepted but interpreted through the lens of individual subjectivity and personal experience. In response to this shift, the article proposes several constructive hermeneutical approaches—contextual, narrative, communal, and pneumatological—that allow Christians to remain faithful to divine revelation while addressing the needs of contemporary culture. It also emphasizes the importance of embodied witness and the role of the church as a community of interpretation that brings the authority of the Bible to life in practical, relational, and socially relevant ways. Ultimately, this study concludes that although postmodernism questions claims of absolute truth, it also provides a meaningful space for the church to reimagine how Scripture can be lived out and communicated effectively in a changing world.