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Indonesia has abundant renewable energy potential, but its utilization still faces various technical, economic, social, and policy barriers. This article examines renewable energy integration strategies through a smart grid approach as a systemic solution to build a reliable, efficient and sustainable electricity system. Using a literature review method, it highlights key challenges such as intermittency of energy sources, limited storage infrastructure, high initial investment costs, and regulatory and social resistance. The integration strategies discussed include the development of energy storage technologies, increased flexibility of the electricity system, optimization of plant planning and operations, energy policy reform, and investment in infrastructure and digitalization. The vital role of smart grids is made clear through case studies of implementations in remote areas that have successfully improved distribution efficiency and community participation. The results confirm that successful integration of renewable energy requires synergy between technology, policy, and active community involvement. In conclusion, smart grid is not just a technological infrastructure, but the foundation of transformation towards a national energy system that is low-emission, inclusive, and long-term resilient.

Rock mining is a key sector contributing to economic development, including in Gorontalo Regency. However, this activity often generates negative environmental impacts such as erosion, water pollution, and ecosystem degradation. This study aims to analyze environmental management policies in rock mining activities using a literature review approach. The research was conducted by examining relevant literature published in the last five years, including national and regional regulations, as well as case study reports. The findings reveal that Indonesia has established a comprehensive regulatory framework through Law No. 32 of 2009 and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, which mandate Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) as a key instrument for environmental protection. At the regional level, Gorontalo Provincial Regulation No. 2 of 2019 serves as the main guideline; however, its implementation faces challenges such as weak oversight and inadequate law enforcement. A case study in Motoduto Village shows actual environmental impacts in the form of erosion and sediment load increases in the Paguyaman River, although still within acceptable limits. Additionally, some companies operate without proper AMDAL or legal permits. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, digitizing permit data, and engaging communities are essential steps. Policy recommendations include consistent law enforcement, implementation of post-mining reclamation, and integration of spatial data-based policies. This study underscores the importance of a holistic approach to ensure a balance between the economic benefits of the mining sector and environmental conservation.

The Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Rail (KCJB) project is one of the strategic infrastructure initiatives resulting from the output of cooperation between Indonesia and China following the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) policy. Although the project is promising in improving transportation efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and the potential for regional economic growth, its implementation is inseparable from various challenges, one of which is geopolitics. This research aims to find out the geopolitical dynamics that arise due to China's incentives in financing and mastering KCJB technology, and also examine Indonesia's position in the midst of regional conflicts, one of which is the South China Sea dispute. The method in this research is qualitative based on literature study. This research reveals that the KCJB project is not just technical cooperation, but reflects a struggle for strategic influence. Indonesia's dependence on financing and technology from China creates potential asymmetry in bilateral relations and risks to sovereignty. The findings are expected to enrich the discourse on foreign policy and national infrastructure in the face of increasingly complex regional or global challenges.

This article discusses the implementation of FPCI Goes to School (FGTS) 4.0, an educational outreach initiative conducted by the Foreign Policy Community of Indonesia (FPCI) Chapter UPN Veteran Jakarta, with the objective of increasing students’ awareness and understanding of international political dynamics. The initiative addresses the growing need for public literacy on global issues that often have indirect but significant effects on national and local communities, such as trade disruptions and inflation caused by geopolitical conflicts. Using the Russia-Ukraine war as the primary case study, this activity sought to explore how international events influence domestic realities, including the rising cost of grain-based products and the spread of digital propaganda. The program was held at Muhammadiyah 2 Senior High School Jakarta and employed a participatory method involving socialization sessions, group discussions, and pre-test and post-tests evaluations to measure knowledge gain and critical thinking. Findings show that students demonstrated a strong grasp of basic geopolitical knowledge (+90% correct identification) and high level of awareness regarding digital security practices (+95% relevant answers). Slightly lower comprehension was observed in questions requiring simple analytical reasoning about international politics. This activity concludes that early exposure to international political education, delivered through targeted civic engagement programs, is promising to cultivate for a more globally-aware and resilient future citizens. 

Land degradation due to intensive agricultural practices is a serious issue threatening food security and ecosystem balance. Monoculture farming systems often lead to soil fertility decline, increased erosion, and reduced soil biodiversity. As an alternative, agroforestry has been developed to enhance agricultural productivity without compromising soil health. Agroforestry integrates agricultural crops with trees or other woody plants in a mutually beneficial system. Several studies have shown that agroforestry improves soil organic matter content, retains soil moisture, and reduces erosion and nutrient loss. This study employs a literature review method to analyze the effectiveness of agroforestry in improving soil health and agricultural productivity. Agroforestry has been found to enhance agricultural productivity through crop diversification, efficient land use, and climate change mitigation. Diversification not only strengthens food security but also increases farmers’ income by minimizing crop failure risks and enhancing nutritional value. Additionally, agroforestry optimizes land use by improving yield per unit area and reducing environmental degradation through natural resource conservation. Agroforestry also plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by increasing ecosystem resilience, sequestering carbon, and reducing extreme weather impacts. However, the adoption of agroforestry faces challenges, including a lack of farmers’ knowledge, limited policy support, and varying environmental conditions. Addressing these barriers through improved education, supportive policies, and sustainable resource management can accelerate agroforestry adoption. With broader implementation and strong policy support, agroforestry can drive agricultural sustainability and enhance community well-being.

The digital transformation in Indonesia's land sector is marked by the implementation of electronic land certificates as regulated under Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2021. This policy aims to enhance efficiency and legal certainty in land administration. However, its implementation raises questions regarding the legal strength of electronic certificates and the protection of third parties, particularly good faith purchasers. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyze the legal standing of electronic land certificates and the legal protection mechanisms for third parties in land transactions. The findings show that although electronic certificates hold the same legal force as physical certificates, there are still challenges related to data integration and legal safeguards for third parties. Strengthening regulations and the role of notaries/land deed officials (PPAT) is necessary to ensure the validity and legitimacy of electronic certificates and to achieve optimal legal certainty.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by non-BPJS private hospitals in increasing revenue and competitiveness amidst the dominance of BPJS services in Indonesia. Private hospitals face challenges in attracting patients due to the perception of high service costs and limited public access. However, they have advantages in speed of service, modern facilities, and direct access to specialists. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach to various secondary sources such as scientific journals, industry reports, and policy documents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of a marketing strategy based on the 7P marketing mix concept (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence), digital marketing, and customer relationship management through Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are key to increasing patient attraction and loyalty. Collaboration with private insurance also provides added value through ease of payment and access to premium health services. This study provides recommendations for hospitals in developing adaptive, holistic, and patient satisfaction-oriented marketing strategies.

The Perintis Lake area in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province, faces a growing conflict between tourism investment and environmental conservation. This study aims to analyze the impact of tourism infrastructure development on the lake’s ecosystem, highlight the importance of conservation, and provide strategic recommendations for sustainable tourism development. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, the research is based on field observations, literature review, and regional policy analysis. Findings show that unregulated investment activities, particularly constructions along the lake's buffer zone, have led to environmental degradation, such as water pollution, habitat loss, and ecological imbalance. Conservation efforts remain fragmented and lack integration into broader development planning. The study recommends the implementation of sustainable spatial planning policies, stricter environmental regulations, and active community involvement. Collaborative governance between local authorities, private investors, and environmental stakeholders is essential to ensure that economic development aligns with ecological preservation. Striking a balance between investment and conservation is key to maintaining Perintis Lake as a resilient ecotourism destination for future generations.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in the Indonesian economy as labor absorbers and drivers of the local economy. However, this sector often faces various challenges such as limited access to financing, infrastructure, and policy support. This study aims to analyze the role of fiscal policy in encouraging the growth of MSMEs in Indonesia. The methods used are literature studies and secondary data analysis from various official sources, including government reports and national statistical data. The results of the study indicate that fiscal policy instruments such as tax incentives, subsidies, and state spending for MSME empowerment programs have a positive impact on increasing MSME productivity and competitiveness. However, the effectiveness of these policies is highly dependent on targeted implementation and synergy between related institutions. Therefore, a more inclusive, transparent, and adaptive fiscal policy formulation is needed to encourage sustainable economic growth

This study aims to analyze the impact of monetary policy on the purchasing power of society in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach and secondary data from various official reports, this research examines the mechanism of monetary policy in controlling inflation and maintaining price stability, as well as its effect on the public’s ability to meet consumption needs. The results indicate that effective monetary policy can maintain price stability and preserve purchasing power, despite challenges such as commodity price volatility and exchange rate fluctuations. The study emphasizes the importance of coordination between monetary and fiscal policies as well as transparent communication in policy implementation to support societal welfare..

The existence of laws in health has been proven to have serious impacts on the health sector in various countries, including Indonesia. Through an analysis of philosophical texts and related research, this article reveals how corrupt practices affect the allocation of funds for the health system, disrupt the provision of adequate health facilities and services, and affect the quality of medical services. The economic implications of corruption on the health sector, including the high cost of obtaining quality health services and unequal access to health services. The social impacts of corruption are also analyzed, including poverty, unequal income distribution, and increased risk of criminal acts. In an effort to minimize the negative impacts of corruption on public health, this article proposes the implementation of strategies of transparency, accountability, and public participation. Implementation of the systeme-governmentand the active role of society ascitizen controlis a concrete step that can be taken to combat corruption and ensure more efficient and transparent use of public resources. The need for a joint role from the government, civil society, and the private sector in building a health system that is fairer, more transparent, and free from corruption. By strengthening the foundations of democracy and prioritizing transparency, Indonesia can move towards more equitable and quality public health for all people.

One of the most important preventive efforts to protect children from sexual violence is sex education. The implementation of sex education is sometimes delayed or ignored because many people still misunderstand it as a method of education about sexual behavior. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of providing sex education to children so that they can protect themselves from potential sexual exploitation. The approach used is a literature review of several books, scientific journals, and related policy documents. Based on the results of the study, children who do not receive sex education are more likely to experience violence, engage in inappropriate sexual behavior, and be exposed to misinformation from the media or their environment. It has been proven that appropriate sex education that is in accordance with the child's developmental stage helps children become more self-aware, understand their own body's limitations, and gain the ability to say "no" and ask for help. The conclusion of this study highlights that sex education is a form of early childhood education that involves the responsibility of parents, teachers, society, and government and does not explicitly teach sexual activity. The implications of this study indicate that integrated sex education from an early age can be a national strategy in preventing sexual violence against children.

This study aims to explore the role of the Data Management Information System (SIMD) in increasing transparency and building public trust in Zakat, Infak, and Sedekah (ZIS) institutions in North Sumatra. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study examines how the application of information technology contributes to more open and accountable governance. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation analysis at ZIS institutions that have adopted a digital system. The results of the study indicate that the use of SIMD allows ZIS institutions to automatically record transactions, present financial reports in real time, and expand access to information for the public. Transparency resulting from digitalization encourages increased community participation and strengthens the legitimacy of institutions in the eyes of muzakki and mustahik. This study also found that transparency acts as a mediating variable between the implementation of information systems and the level of public trust. Trust is built through the consistency of institutions in providing open, accurate, and easily accessible information. This study provides a conceptual contribution to the development of a model of the relationship between information technology, transparency, and public trust, as well as practical recommendations for strengthening digital governance in the Islamic philanthropy sector. Policy implications include the need for regulatory support in expanding the digitalization of ZIS institutions in an inclusive and sustainable manner.    

Islamic financial management is a crucial element in sustaining the growth of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze how Islamic financial management practices are carried out in national banking by referring to the regulations set by OJK, Bank Indonesia, and DSN-MUI. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study examines policy documents, regulatory frameworks, and operational practices of Islamic financial institutions. The results of the study show that the implementation of Islamic financial management has adopted Islamic principles through the structure of fund raising, financing distribution, and risk and compliance governance. However, implementation in the field still faces various obstacles, both from the internal side such as limited human resources and gaps in understanding of regulations, as well as from the external side in the form of accelerated digitalization, weak coordination between authorities, and legal uncertainty. This research emphasizes the need to strengthen the capacity of industry players, adaptive regulatory updates, and institutional synergy so that the Islamic financial system can grow sustainably and in line with sharia principles.

Building an effective and efficient health system is an important effort to improve the quality of health services in Indonesia, the implementation of RME is an integral component in the modern health service system. The government issued the One Healthy policy in efforts to implement Health Data governance. In order to achieve this, data variables and data formats/values ​​determined by the Ministry of Health must be used as a reference in the implementation of RME based on Minister of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2022. The aim of this research is to analyze data variables in the ETI Care application for outpatient registration at Budi Kemuliaan Hospital Jakarta according to the applicable guidelines, that is Minister of Health Decree Number HK.01.07/MENKES/1423/2022. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data variables were obtained and their conformity with the existing meta data in the ETI Care application with government meta data, that is in the general identity there were 13 missing data variables and 2 variables that did not exist in the identity of the newborn baby, and 7 data variables that did not match the general identity and 1 data variable whose format/value did not match the identity of the newborn baby.  It is necessary to develop the system by involving users in adjusting technical and organizational policies. There are still data variables that do not exist in the ETI Care application in the outpatient registration section, and there is also a discrepancy between the format/value of outpatient registration in the ETI Care application and the format/value of Minister of Health Decree Number HK.01.07/MENKES/1423/2022. This requires further communication with the vendor regarding system development in accordance with applicable guidelines.  

This study aims to analyze efforts to prevent and eradicate corruption in the context of digitalization in Bandar Lampung. The digitalization era brings significant changes in the way government and society interact, which has the potential to create opportunities for corrupt practices. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data analysis from interviews, documentation studies, and observations. The results of the study indicate that although there have been preventive measures through the application of information technology, there are still loopholes that can be exploited by perpetrators of corruption. The main causal factors include the lack of legal awareness among the community, as well as minimal supervision and transparency in the use of the budget. This study recommends the need for increased training for law enforcement officers, as well as the implementation of a stricter and more transparent supervision system in the use of digital technology. Thus, this study is expected to provide valuable insights for policy makers in formulating more effective strategies to prevent and eradicate corruption, as well as increasing legal awareness among the Bandar Lampung community in this digital era.

Rapid population growth in Indonesia, especially in Karanganyar Regency, has contributed to the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, which has the potential to threaten food security and environmental sustainability. With the main agricultural land protection regulation in Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 with further regulations in Karanganyar Regency through regional regulations on Karanganyar Regional Peraturan Daerah Karanganyar Nomor 19 Tahun 2019 Perubahan Atas Peraturan Daerah Nomor 1 Tahun 2013, Peraturan Daerah Karanganyar Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 and the basis for the Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang (KKPR) policy with the Online Single Submission (OSS) system based on the Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang (ATR) Nomor 13 Tahun 2021. However, in the implementation of these various arrangements there are various problems and challenges. This study aims to analyse the various challenges and problems in the efforts to realize the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land in Karanganyar. This study uses a juridical empirical research method, using a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The research findings show that there are inconsistencies in regulations, weak supervision and law enforcement, and lack of public awareness and participation.

This thesis examines the implementation of the teacher competency policy at SDN 2 Lubuk Seberuk, a second-cohort "Sekolah Penggerak" (Driving School) under Indonesia’s Ministry of Education initiative. The study aims to analyze how policy directives regarding teacher competencies—covering pedagogical, professional, personal, and social aspects—are applied in the school's daily practices. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving school principals, teachers, and educational supervisors. The findings indicate that while the policy has provided a clear framework for competency development, its implementation faces challenges such as limited resources, varying teacher readiness, and the need for continuous professional development. Nevertheless, the school shows progress in fostering a collaborative learning environment and integrating innovative teaching methods. The study concludes that effective policy implementation requires strong leadership, sustained support systems, and active stakeholder involvement to enhance teacher performance and student learning outcomes.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the local government administrative system in improving the management performance of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). The method used is a literature review by analyzing various previous studies, official reports, and policy documents related to APBD management at the regional level. The results show that a well-structured administrative system can accelerate the planning, implementation, and reporting processes of the APBD, although challenges remain in inter-unit coordination and the utilization of information technology. To enhance effectiveness, it is recommended to strengthen human resource capacity, update financial information systems, and reinforce internal oversight. These findings contribute to efforts to achieve more accountable, efficient, and transparent regional financial governance.

Corruption in the disbursement of educational aid funds poses a serious challenge that undermines the effectiveness of education policies in Indonesia, particularly within programs such as the Indonesia Smart Program (PIP) and the Family Hope Program (PKH). Irregularities in fund management, weak supervision, and the lack of transparency and accountability have led to unequal distribution of aid and a decline in the quality of educational services. This study aims to evaluate the impact of anti-corruption policies on the effectiveness of educational fund distribution through a normative approach using secondary data. The findings indicate that the implementation of anti-corruption policies, supported by the digitalization of financial systems, public participation, and institutional reform at the local level, has a significant effect in reducing the misuse of educational funds. However, the effectiveness of these policies heavily depends on political commitment, the capacity of supervisory institutions, and public legal awareness. Therefore, synergy between law, technology, a culture of integrity, and community participation is essential to building clean and equitable education governance in pursuit of Indonesia Emas 2045.