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Unlicensed Gold Mining (PETI) is a mining term that does not get permission from the government as the holder of state control rights over mining materials. This almost happened on the entire banks of the Batang Kuantan River, such as Pebaun Hulu Village. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of macrozoobentos in the waters of the Batang Kuantan River. Sampling was carried from in December 2023-January 2024 in the Batang Kuantan River using Ekman Grab and identification was carried out at the Ecology Laboratory of the Department of Biology, FMIPA, University of Riau. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the diversity, uniformity, and composition of macrozoobentos between Station one and Station two in the Batang Kuantan River. Station one showed higher diversity (H' = 1.48) compared to Station two (H' = 0.82), indicating greater species variation at Station one. Similarly, the uniformity (e) of Station one (0.70) is higher than that of Station 2 (0.39), signifying a more even distribution of individuals at Station one. Community similarity analysis (CJ) showed that the two stations had a similarity rate of 0,83 indicating a considerable difference in species composition between the two stations.

Film is a part of mass media communication is audio-visual and aims to convey a certain social or moral message to the audience. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method using literature. The Film” KIBLAT " released its poster on March 21, 2024. The Poster became controversial because it was considered to contain content that was not in accordance with Islamic law. MUI considered that the film was not in accordance with Islamic law and had the potential to mislead the people. The Indonesian Ulema Council issued a letter of Appeal Number 01/MUI/II/2024 dated March 23, 2023 prohibiting the screening of the film “KIBLAT” is also not allowed.

Based on the learning process which is often monotonous and boring in classrooms between teachers and students, this research seeks to understand and implement the concept of Active, Innovative, Creative, Effective and Fun learning and Catholic Religious Education Learning Activities, as well as offering it to students. PAK teachers to carry out reforms in PAK learning strategies and methods. The method used in this research is a literature study approach or qualitative method. The results of this research are: there are still many PAK teachers who teach using conventional learning methods, the PAIKEM learning strategy is one strategy that can make the classroom atmosphere better in learning and can improve the quality of PAK learning, every PAK teacher is needed to learn various PAK learning models, strategies and techniques to improve the quality of learning and a new understanding that students are the center of learning activities in PAK.

Education is something that is considered important in everyone's life. Unfortunately, many people are not fortunate enough to receive an education. This is due to poverty. From this, the government finally set regulations through Law No. 12 of 2012 concerning Higher Education which authorizes the government to realize justice, affordability, and equity in obtaining quality higher education related to the benefits of social progress, prosperity, and independence. Therefore, the government finally issued the Indonesia Smart Card (KIP) policy to overcome this problem, because there are still many students who are still in school but drop out because of financial problems. The purpose of this research is to see how the management of the KIP Lecture scholarship at IAKN Tarutung. This research method was conducted with the philosophy of postpositivism, investigating the state of natural objects and using a descriptive qualitative approach with purposive sampling. The KIP college scholarship at IAKN Tarutung provides an opportunity for students who excel but have economic limitations to get higher education in college.

Freedom of religion is still very low in Indonesia. This clearly violates human rights stipulated in Article 22 of Human Rights Law Number 39 of 1999. This research aims to show why violations of freedom of religion continue to occur or discriminatory and intolerant behavior that is often anarchic. This research uses normative juridical with qualitative approach, which means collecting and using information relevant to the research subject. For this research, the nature is descriptive analysis. Secondary data is the data source. The fact that discrimination cases continue to occur shows that the Indonesian government must make improvements and evaluations in the law enforcement sector and government apparatus, as well as provide guidance to the community.

This research aims to determine the magnitude of the influence of Ice Breaking on the Learning Activeness of Christian Religious Education (PAK) of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Academic Year." The hypothesis of this research is that there is a positive and significant influence of Ice Breaking on the learning activeness of class VIII PAK students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli district for the 2023/2024 academic year. This research is correlational research that uses inferential quantitative methods. The population is all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon who are Protestant Christians, totaling 190 people. Sample Based on Random Sampling of Class VIII Students of Sipoholon State Middle School, 15% of 190 students were taken, namely 30 people. The instrument for this research is a closed questionnaire with 34 items. The questionnaire trial was carried out on 29 students outside the research respondents. "The results of the analysis of the values rcount=0.745>rtabel=0.361 and tcount=5.909>2.048 show that there is an influence between Ice Breaking on the Learning Activeness of Christian Religious Education (PAK) of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2023/2024 Academic Year." Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=5.994>Ftable=2.16. This research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between Ice Breaking on the Learning Activeness of Christian Religious Education (PAK) of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Academic Year" amounting to 55.5%, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. In connection with the results of this research, the author provides input for PAK teachers to increase the use of Ice Breaking with students so that student activity increases.    

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model on the learning motivation of class VIII PAK students at SMP Negeri 1 Baktiraja for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative inferential descriptive method. The population is all Class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Baktiraja for the 2023/2024 academic year with a total of 144 people and a sample of 44 people was determined using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 40 items, namely 15 items for variable 2023/2024 learning, proven through the following data analysis: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained by the value rxy = 0.542 > rtable(α=0.05,n=44) = 0.297. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 4.178 > ttable(α=0.05, dk=n-2=32)= 2.021. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 29.4%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(α=0.05, dk numerator k=16, dk denominator=n-2=44-2=42) namely 17.44 > 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

This research aims to determine and analyze empirical juridical analysis of divorce due to domestic violence in the Gorontalo Religious Court and the factors causing divorce due to domestic violence in the Gorontalo Religious Court. This research discusses problems regarding divorce due to domestic violence in the Gorontalo Religious Court. This type of research is empirical juridical research or what is called field research. The results of this research explain that the empirical juridical analysis of divorce in the Gorontalo Religious Courts is caused by domestic violence, especially violence against wives, caused by various problems that are interrelated and influence each other, causing continuous disputes and quarrels. These problems include: economic conditions, lack of understanding of religion, infidelity, jealousy, drunkenness and gambling, husbands are easily emotional and are caused by the presence of one of the parents on both sides taking part in the household which can lead to a household crisis. In this case, the wife becomes vulnerable to violence because of her unequal position in society and the institution of marriage, both emotionally, socially and emotionally. This research shows that domestic violence is a significant factor in triggering divorce cases filed in the Religious Courts. And the factors that cause divorce due to domestic violence in the Gorontalo Religious Court are the dominant factors that cause divorce due to domestic violence, namely: that there is a lack of religious understanding, behavioral factors, social factors, drunkards and gamblers, disputes or quarrels and other factors. domestic violence.

This article offers an analysis of the role of Christian religious education in overcoming radicalism in the Indonesian context. Radicalism in Indonesia is multifaceted, and religious, political, social, and ethnic factors contribute to its prevalence. Religious differences often give rise to misunderstandings and violence which then occurs. Political radicalism stems from power dynamics, including state-sponsored oppression or interstate conflict. Social radicalism manifests through extreme tactics aimed at societal transformation, sometimes ignoring legal norms. Ethnic radicalism promotes a supremacist ideology, justifying violence or discrimination against other ethnic groups. Using qualitative research and literature analysis, this research explores the intersection between Christian education, radicalism, and diversity. The results of research on Christian religious education in Indonesia emphasize values such as diversity, tolerance and peace, which provide a counterweight to radical ideology. By prioritizing these values, Christian education fosters stability across religious, political, social and ethnic dimensions, thereby reducing the risks posed by radicalism. This research underlines the importance of Christian religious education in cultivating a society that is cohesive and tolerant of radical influences.    

This research aims to determine the influence of PAK teachers' pedagogical competence on the learning discipline of class "Senior High School 1 Tanjung Pura, Academic Year 2023/2024." The research method is quantitative descriptive inferential. The population is all class Random sampling (random sampling) was 30% of the total population, namely 35 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. From the results of data analysis, it was obtained: a) The value rcount=0.579>rtabel=0.334 and tcount=4.079>ttable=2.042 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the pedagogical competence of PAK teachers and the learning discipline of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura for the 2023 Academic Year /2024. b) Regression equation. c) From the determination test it is known that the magnitude of the effect is 33.52%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=16.49>Ftable=3.32 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the pedagogical competence of PAK teachers on the learning discipline of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura for the 2023/2024 academic year.    

The church is a fellowship of saints, called by God to fulfill His mission of teaching sound doctrine to believers in accordance with the Bible. Christian education (PAK) is one of the teaching tasks in the church. This must be done continuously to meet the needs of the faithful. To remain relevant, the church must develop by considering the influence of modern developments that befall the church. In addition, the congregation has shown changes in behavior and lifestyle that are always up-to-date. In addition, the church also encounters teachings that deviate from the Bible and the correct theological foundation. In the development of PAK, the church cannot be separated from theology which is the content of PAK itself. The teaching practiced in the church focuses on God and His work. To understand this, a theology is needed that makes it easy to explain what God's will is for His people. By making theology the basis for the development of biblical PAK, the church grows into a productive congregation that produces more mature congregations who can live out their faith in their daily lives. This article is written using a qualitative descriptive method through literature research. The conclusion of this article is that the church must understand that PAK is a very important mission of the church and needs to be further developed. PAK is part of the church's theological work, so the church must develop PAK based on theology, and theology becomes the basis for the development of PAK in the church.

The objectives of this study are 1) to determine the effect of giving reinforcement by Christian Religious Education Teachers on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Class IX Students of SMP N 1 Palipi in the 2023/2024 Learning Year; 2) to determine the effect of giving reinforcement by Counseling Guidance Teachers on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Class IX Students of SMP N 1 Palipi in the 2023/2024 Learning Year; 3) to determine the effect of giving reinforcement by Christian Religious Education Teachers and Counseling Guidance Teachers together on the Learning Outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Class IX Students of SMP N 1 Palipi in the 2023/2024 Learning Year. The method used in this research is inferential quantitative method with expo-facto correlation model. The population is all ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Palipi in the 2023/2024 Learning Year, totaling 160 people and a sample of 40 people was determined using random sampling technique. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 32 items.  The results of data analysis show that: 1) the value of F count> F table between the Strengthening of Christian Religious Education Teachers on Student Learning Outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Students is 14.849> 3.23, thus it is known that there is an influence between the Strengthening of Christian Religious Education Teachers on Student Learning Outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Students, namely 28, 1%, 2) the value of F count> F table between the Giving of Strengthening the Counseling Guidance Teacher on the Learning Outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Students, namely 14.651> 3.23, thus it is known that there is an influence of the Giving of Strengthening the Counseling Guidance Teacher on the Learning Outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Students, namely 27, 8%, 3) the value of F count> F table between the Strengthening of Christian Religious Education Teachers and the Strengthening of Counseling Guidance Teachers on the Learning Outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Students, namely 10.569> 3.23, thus it is known that there is an influence of the Strengthening of Christian Religious Education Teachers and the Strengthening of Counseling Guidance Teachers on the Learning Outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Students in Class IX SMP N 1 Palipi Learning Year 2023/2024 which is 36.4%, thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The aim of this research is to find out how much positive and significant the influence of visual learning is on the learning motivation of Christian religious education students in IX SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative method with descriptive statistics. The population is all 160 class IX students of SMP N 4 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians and a sample of 40 people was determined using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 52 items, namely 24 items for variable North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year, proven through the following data analysis: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.589 > Itabel(-0.05,n=40) = 0.312. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a t value of 4.498 t table (= 0.05, dk = n-2-38) = 2.021. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y=42.15+0.65X = 42.15 +0.65X, b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r²) = 34.7%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=23, dk denominator-n-2-40-2-38) namely 20.21 > 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.

The purpose of this research is to 1) find out whether there is a relationship between the Spirituality of PAK Teachers and the Christian Character Formation of Teb State Middle School Students, 2) find out whether there is a relationship between Bible Study and the Christian Character Formation of Tebo State Middle School Students, 3) to find out whether there is a relationship between the Spirituality of PAK Teachers and Bible Study on the Formation of the Christian Character of Shiva SMP N Tebo. The research hypothesis is: "There is a significant relationship between PAK Teacher Spirituality and Bible Study on the Formation of Christian Character of N Tebo Middle School Students." The population is students of class VIII and IX of SMP N 3 Tebo, SMP N 30 Tebo, SMP N 31 Tebo totaling 290 people who are Christians. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique, namely 36 students from class VIII and IX of SMP N Tebo as an experimental class using Religious Education and Bible Study Teacher Spirituality and 36 students from class XI MIPA 3 as a control class using normal treatment (conventional class). The instrument used in this research was a 50-item questionnaire. Research data for the questionnaire was analyzed using the average difference test formula (N-Gain Score). It was found that the average value for the experimental class was 82.4369 in the effective category. And the average value for the control class is 22.9433, which is in the ineffective category. Then carrying out an independent test using the t test obtained a value of t = 20.376> t table (α = 0.05; df = 70) = 2,000. Thus, it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there is a relationship between the Spirituality of Religious Education Teachers and Bible Study on the Formation of Christian Character in N Tebo Middle School Students, and H0 is rejected.    

The development of information and communication technology has changed the landscape of education as a whole, including in the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK). This article aims to review the challenges, negative impacts, new opportunities and use of technology in PAK in the digital era. In dealing with this problem, the research method used involves qualitative analysis with data synthesis from various related studies. The research results show that the integration of technology in PAK has the potential to improve learning content, increase student engagement, and create a more interactive learning experience. However, it is important to note that there are negative impacts of the digital era, such as the risk of dependence on technology, which also need to be considered in the context of religious learning. However, there are new opportunities offered by technological developments and how to use them at PAK. This includes the use of various methods and platforms that support interactive and creative learning, which can help increase students' understanding of Christianity in the digital era. Thus, the use of technology in PAK is not only about exploiting the advantages of technology to improve teaching, but also about understanding and overcoming the challenges and negative impacts that may arise. Only with a balanced approach between the use of technology and an understanding of its specific context, can Christian religious education in the digital era become more effective and relevant for the younger generation.

This thesis aims to: 1) determine the concept of intelligence in children who memorize the Al-Qur'an and Islamic religious education subjects at Ar-Ridwan Binangun Binangun Wonosobo Entrepreneur Middle School; 2)  to determine the intelligence of children who memorize the Al-Qur'an and Islamic religious education subjects at Entrepreneur Ar-Ridwan Binangun Wonosobo Middle School. This thesis uses a research approach using qualitative field research, qualitative field research itself is research that has characteristics, which basically state the actual situation or as it is without changing it into symbols or numbers. The results of the research show that: 1) the intelligence of children who memorize the Koran and those who do not memorize it is different; 2) the inhibiting factors in the intelligence of children memorizing the Koran in Islamic Religious Education subjects have not yet been resolved and the supporting factors that make it easier for children to memorize also require different handling; 3) students' responses in dealing with their respective intelligence problems are by synergizing with teaching staff to become a unified whole in the learning process.

The synergy between teachers and parents is now absolutely considered in teaching and learning activities and outside of it. In reality, in every teaching process or outside of teaching, teachers need support and cooperation from the family (parents). This research aims to determine the synergy between parents and Islamic Religious Education teachers in cultivating communication and discipline morals in class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Kalibawang Wonosobo. To find out the importance of synergy between parents and Islamic Religious Education teachers in instilling communication and discipline in class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Kalibawang Wonosobo. To understand the supporting and inhibiting factors for the synergy of parents and Islamic Religious Education teachers in instilling communication and discipline in class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Kalibawang Wonosobo. This research uses a qualitative type of research using a descriptive approach. Qualitative research is research that uses observation, interviews, content analysis and data collection methods. The location of this research is SMK Negeri 1 Kalibawang Wonosobo. After the data is collected, it is then analyzed using data analysis, namely, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this research show the process of synergy between parents and Islamic Religious Education teachers in instilling communication morals and discipline in class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Kalibawang Wonosobo. First, the synergy between parents and Islamic Religious Education teachers in cultivating students' communication and discipline morals is not optimal. Second, the synergy between parents and Islamic Religious Education teachers is very important so that good communication can be established to direct students, instill communication morals and student discipline so that teachers can know students' activities at home and parents can also know students' activities at school. Third, the supporting factor is the presence of parents and teachers who are ready to educate and direct students. Inhibiting factors are parents' lack of attention to their children's social environment, lack of synchronization of policies at school and at home so that children do not make good use of their time.

This journal discusses learning strategies and the definition of Islamic religious education, as well as education in the era of revolution 4.0. Learning strategies include choosing appropriate methods for delivering religious material, taking into account teaching principles and student characteristics. Islamic religious education aims to form religious individuals by wisely inviting and developing affective attitudes. The era of revolution 4.0 demands changes in education by integrating 21st century competencies and digital technology. Islamic education also faces challenges such as cultural backwardness, negative stigma, and political dualism, which require solutions in the form of reform and renewal. Teachers in this era need to have various competencies to face changing times, such as comprehensive assessments, 21st century skills, online modules, and authentic and innovative learning. Overall, Islamic education needs to continue to adapt to technological developments and the needs of the times to produce quality human resources ready to face the future.

Pancasila dan bhinneka tunggal ika sangat penting bagi bangsa Indonesia.Bukan hanya sebagai semboyan melainkan lebih sebagai alat pemersatu bangsa. Pada era politik ini, bhineka tunggal ika sedang diuji oleh kelompok-kelompok yang menggunakan politik identitas untuk meraih kekuasaan bahkan dengan cara mengubah pancasila dan bhineka tunggal ika menjadi khalifah dan syariat islam. Kelompok-kelompok beraliran ekstrim ini sangat berbahaya bagi keutuhan NKRI (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia) karena Indonesia terdari dari berbagai suku bangsa, agama, ras yang berbeda yang disatukan dengan pancasila dan bhineka tunggal ika sehingga apabila bhineka tunggal ika dan pancasila diubah maka dikhawatirkan Indonesia akan pacah atau bubar

This study describes the activities to improve the understanding of religious knowledge held by madrasah diniyah and boarding school Nurul Huda At-Tahdzihiy Larangan Bareng Jombang. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with observation and documentation techniques, the research shows the effectiveness of the institution in improving the religious understanding of the students before the month of Ramadan. This activity, held in the month of Sha'ban, aims to prepare students to welcome the holy month of Ramadan efficiently.