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Garbage is a problem that has become a global environmental issue. Problems that arise in each region can vary, whether it is about the accumulation of organic or non-organic waste. One solution to this waste problem is the existence of waste processing activities. Waste processing is part of waste management by reducing the amount of waste, in addition to utilizing the values contained in the waste itself (recycled materials, other products, and energy). Waste management is crucial and important at this time, given the large volume of waste generated in each region and needs to be handled to keep the environment clean and nice. The waste problem in Semarang Regency, especially in the Demak District, is the chosen place in this study. Through the study of literature, followed by the related waste in each village in the exploration, by the development of solutions for each problem. Organic waste that can be processed into organic fertilizer, non-organic waste, especially plastic can be a advantogous material to produce paving blocks. The results of this research are also compiled in the form of an educative and interesting ebook to inspire the community and encourage positive activities for the community.

This study aims to determine the role of student organizations in building character, especially in today's digital generation. In conducting this research, the author applies a qualitative or descriptive literature study research method. Literature studies are obtained through a literacy process from various books and articles related to the material to be discussed. The literature study in this study was carried out by the author through the process of reading, concluding, then processing and developing the data obtained as material from the research conducted. Based on the research carried out, it was concluded that the very important role of student organizations in educating student character in this digital era is critical thinking. If students do not have the ability to think critically, it will be very easy to fall into things that weaken the character of the nation. Students must be able to be good examples for the community and the task of students is also to make the best possible use of existing digital technology and then implement it in everyday life. This research is expected to provide information and add insight to readers, especially students, about the role of student organizations in the digital generation.

Based on the experimental study about corncob conducted before, this village has managed to create a new breakthrough production of processed foods such as corn chips since 2003. The foods that use raw materials of corn is the only one in Probolinggo. Corn chips production as small industries is run by 7 women farmers starting in 2008. (Wahmuda, 2013). The problem of this industrial activity is unbalancing the marketing area with market demand that obstruct continues to increase. This causes decrease on the productivity of the industry. In addition corncob waste left over from a small industrial activities corn chips squashed every day as much as 60 kg. This would be a major obstacle when marketing targets to reach market demand. As a result of waste corn cobs will be more numerous and uncontrolled, even less the corn cob waste is only used as cooking fuel. This research includes experiments on corn cobs process is divided into several stages, namely the process of forming, heating, curing, mixing and merging material, as well as coloring. From the research-based experiments, it turns out corn cobs to have a variety of characteristics. The uniqueness and characteristics process of corncobs, can give some variant forms such as cubes, cylinders, triangles, and a chopped form. Of these forms can be created several patterns of merger between a very interesting form to be used as a hanging lamp shade products. In the manufacture of a hanging lampshade required supporting materials such as iron chandelier hook pipe diameter of 16 mm and an iron plate with a thickness of 3 mm. Innovation alternative these products will continue at the stage of the development process of product design by using corn cobs as raw material products with the hope to utilize more leverage on how to process forms such a way into a useful product in terms of people's needs, aesthetic value and become friendly products environment.    

Material cor semen dengan konstruksi tetap sifatnya dan memiliki bentuk yang sangat masif serta memberikan kesan visual yang sangat berat bahkan secara keseluruhan tidak memberikan karakteristik yang sesuai untuk dikonsumsi oleh anak-anak yang tampak di kawasan taman kota adalah spesifikasi yang terdapat pada bangku taman khusus untuk anak-anak di kota surabaya. Tak jarang, bangku yang diperuntukan untuk anak-anak justru banyak digunakan oleh orang dewasa. Alhasil, banyak bangku yang bisa dikatakan keluar dari tujuan dan sasaran awal pembuatannya. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah observasi lapangan yang didukung oleh beberapa data yang akan dianalisis untuk menilai dan memberikan beberapa paparan dari segi aspek konstruksi yang dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Disusul dengan metode pendekatan estetis yaitu pendekatan khusus yang menekankan pada aspek seni rupa dan desain dalam kaitannya dengan daya tarik aspek estetika dengan memberikan kesimpulan yang dapat dijadikan acuan dalam proses pembuatan bangku taman khususnya untuk anak-anak di masa depan, dan diharapkan mampu memberikan jawaban atas kesederhanaan bentuk dan kelemahan bahan yang terkandung dalam proses pembuatan kursi taman khusus untuk anak-anak secara efektif dan efisien yang berdampak pada biaya produksi.    

Multiliteracy learning in recent years has become very interesting because by studying two or more literacy materials we can see how they relate to other literacy materials. Especially when it comes to learning literature and language, the film Nommensen in Batak land is a theatrical film that has been accommodated and shown especially for the Batak community in North Sumatra and outside the Tapanuli area. The film is usually only made in memory of Nommensen. However, in this study, the film will be studied so that it can produce a multiliterate assessment contained in the film. The results of this study indicate that complete multiliteracy learning can be learned even in certain drama or cultural context films.

This study aims to determine students' learning difficulties in chemistry by using zoom in achieving cognitive, sociological and psychological aspects and to further examine the difficulties faced by students. Data collection using questionnaires and tests, then using the K-Means Cluster data analysis technique, with three clusters (groups) followed by crosstab and graph analysis, using SPSS IBM 22 and followed by the RASH model. the results obtained are that (a) cognitive aspects in the form of student thinking, followed by sociological aspects and psychological aspects related to students' internal factors (b) cognitive results are tested more deeply with the Expended Score Graph. The ICC is in accordance with the RASH Model, the difficult questions to work on are questions 10 and 13 are in the analysis (C4), the Outfit MNSQ value is between 0.5-0.15 and then from the Probability graph of Student Cognitive Ability is well distributed, thus the difficulty in the cognitive aspect lies in the questions presented. These results are very useful for identifying students' cognitive limitations in chemistry learning. Thus, from the results, it is explained that cognitive is the main difficulty, with the RASCH test it is known that the level of difficulty is at the analysis.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of the singing method in improving student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects, with a special focus on the material of Asmaul Husna. The singing method was chosen because it is believed to create a more enjoyable and interactive learning atmosphere, so that students can more easily memorize and understand the Asmaul Husna. In this study, the approach used was quantitative with an experimental method. Data were collected through learning outcome tests conducted before and after the application of the singing method. The results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes after this method was applied. Students seemed more enthusiastic and motivated in the learning process, and experienced significant progress in memorizing Asmaul Husna. In terms of memorization, there was a striking increase, from 40% to 85%, while in understanding, the results increased from 35% to 80%. Based on these findings, the singing method is recommended as an effective alternative to improve student learning outcomes in PAI subjects.    

The rise of disease outbreaks caused by microorganisms such as SARS, bird flu, HIV and COVID-19 has made people use products that contain antiseptics such as soap and hand sanitizer. However, if used continuously it will dissolve the layer of fat and sebum on the skin so that the skin becomes sensitive, dry, and irritated. The development of antiseptic products can be done with natural ingredients such as green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L). It is known that green betel leaf (Piper betle L) has long been used in traditional medicine and can be a natural antiseptic ingredient for making hand sanitizer. This study aims to determine the formulation of hand sanitizer from betel leaf extract (Piper betle L) accompanied by a physical stability test. The materials used in this study were methyl paraben, triethanolamine (TEA), glycerin, aquadest, 95% ethanol, lime juice, green betel leaf extract obtained from the reflux extraction process. The research was conducted by varying the betel leaf extract 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%. Tests were carried out by covering organoleptic observations (shape, color, odor), pH, homogeneity, dispersion.

Pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 17 siswa kelas VIII SMP Katolik Santu Petrus Pontianak. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Tujuan penelitian ini dalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan representasi yang dimiliki oleh siswa. Indikator yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini ada tiga diantaranya adalah menggunakan representasi visual untuk menyelesaikan masalah, menggunakan representasi kata atau teks tertulis untuk menyelesaikan masalah, dan Menggunakan representasi persamaan dan ekspresi matematis. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar tes essay yang terdiri dari 3 soal dengan masing – masing soal memiliki satu indikator. Dari penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa siswa memiliki kemampuan representasi matematis yang rendah berdasarkan perolehan keseluruhan nilai yang mendapatkan rata – rata 47,24. Siswa dikategorikan berdasarkan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah, dimana siswa yang mendapat nilai tinggi ada 2 orang, siswa yang mendapat nilai sedang ada 7 orang, dan yang mendapat nilai rendah ada 8 orang. Siswa dengan nilai tinggi memiliki kemampuan representasi yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa yang mendapat nilai sedang dan rendah.    

Metode perhitungan merupakan salah satu faktor dalam mendesain tebal perkerasan lentur jalan baru. Ada beberapa metode mendesain tebal perkerasan lentur jalan, namun untuk penelitian ini digunakan dua metode mendesain tebal perkerasan lentur yaitu metode yang disediakan oleh American Association of State Highway Traffic Officials (AASHTO) dan metode untuk Indonesia sendiri ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum melalui Direktorat Jendral Bina Marga. Kedua metode tersebut memiliki parameter-parameter data yang sama yaitu beban lalu lintas, CBR tanah dasar, R, ZR, S0, IP0, IPt, ΔPsi, koefisien drainase dan material lapis perkerasan. Akan tetapi kedua metode ini memiliki perbedaan dalam teknis perhitungan tebal perkerasan lentur jalan. Hasil yang didapat berupa perbedaan tebal perkerasan lentur dimana metode AASHTO 1993 mendapatkan nilai tebal perkerasan yaitu: lapis permukaan (Laston MS 590) 5 cm, lapis pondasi atas (Agregat Kelas A) 15 cm, lapis pondasi bawah (Sirtu Kelas B) 15 cm. Sedangkan untuk metode Bina Marga 2017 mendapatkan nilai tebal perkerasan yaitu: AC-WC 5 cm, AC-BC 6 cm, AC Base 16 cm, CTB 15 cm dan lapis pondasi Agregat Kelas A 15 cm. Dengan hasil tebal perkerasan lentur yang berbeda, didapatkan juga perbedaan biaya Rencana Anggaran Biaya, dimana metode AASHTO 1993 mengeluarkan biaya sebesar Rp 23.796.382.000,00 sedangkan metode Bina Marga 2017 mengeluarkan biaya sebesar Rp 51.289.817.000,00. Selisih dari kedua metode tersebut adalah Rp 27.493.435.000,00.

The Boyolali Regional Library is a means of supporting public education organized by the Government of Boyolali Regency, Central Java. It is necessary to design promotional media and library information in order to increase public interest in coming and getting to know the complete library facilities. This research designs multimedia in the form of 2D digital motion graphic video as a promotional media for the Boyolali regional library. The method used is the Holistic Multimedia Development Model (HMDM) development model whose multimedia development stage considers the guiding aspects of multimedia quality. The results of the media expert and material expert validation test with a score of 85% and 90%, respectively. While in the user test, the positive response was 86%. So that the results of multimedia design are in the very good category and in line with expectations.

The solar system is one of the natural science lessons taught in grade 6 elementary school. This material is abstract because in studying it children cannot directly observe the phenomena of celestial bodies in the solar system. So far, only using books or 2D images as media. This study aims to create an educational game about the introduction of the solar system. 2D animation is made with icons and audio so that it can attract students' interest in learning and remembering solar system material. The result of the research is an educational game as an effective means of entertainment and learning. Students become interested in learning because of the application of the dissertation with attractive images and audio that helps increase enthusiasm for learning about the solar system. In testing the respondents as many as 22 people, the calculation results obtained as much as 59.1% strongly agree with this educational game

The method of learning the universe at TK Pertiwi Bebengan, Kec. Boja, Kab. Kendal, Central Java is still simple, namely explaining the material by displaying a 2-dimensional still image. This makes students unable to see directly the process of rotation and movement of celestial bodies in the universe. For this reason, it is necessary to create an application that can display the process through 3D animated moving images using Augmented Reality (AR) based technology. The research method used is Prototype, while the architectural design uses UML and software applications using Unity3D, Vuforia, Photoshop CS6 and Blender. The final results of the study are 1) on testing application features made with Unity3D and Vuforia software can run well, 2) on device testing there are 2 out of 4 smartphones that cannot run the application so that a minimum specification of a smartphone is required, 3) on distance testing with a height of 20 cm, it requires the right camera tilt angle, which is between200 to 900. The conclusion of the research is that this application can run well on mobile devices registered in Google's ARCore database and minimum specifications of Android 8.0 Oreo. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the right camera tilt angle so that it can display 3D objects.

This study aims (1) to determine whether the guided inquiry learning model has an effect on the students' science process skills, (2) to find out whether the PBL learning model affects the students' science process skills, (3) to find out the differences in the students' science process skills. VII SMPN 5 Dusun Selatan which uses the guided inquiry learning model and the PBL learning model. The method in this research is comparative quantitative. The research design used was the Nondomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The instrument used was a test in the form of multiple choice questions totaling 25 questions and an observation sheet for students' science process skills. The research sample was students of class VII A and class VII B at SMPN 5 Dusun Selatan. The data collection technique was carried out using the observation method of students' science process skills and learning outcomes tests. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study show that (1) the value of the science process skills of students using the guided inquiry learning model has an average value of 92%, (2) the value of the science process skills of students using the PBL learning model has an average value of 96 %, (3) the difference in the science process skills of students who are taught using the guided inquiry learning model and the PBL learning model, it can be seen from the results of the average value obtained that there are differences, where the PBL learning model has a higher average value than the learning model. guided inquiry. The learning outcomes of the guided inquiry class had an average score of 39 on the pretest and 68 on the posttest. Meanwhile, the average value of the pretest in the PBL class was 40.4 and the posttest score was 69.3. These results indicate that the guided inquiry learning model and the PBL learning model can improve students' learning outcomes and science process skills.

Mesin Computer Numeric Control ( CNC ) adalah pengembangan dari mesin yang sudah ada sebelumnya tetapi belum menggunakan computer, masih menggunakan model sebagai contoh duplikasinya yang disebut Numeric Control ( NC ). Mesin Computer Numeric Control ( CNC ) pada awalnya dipergunakan sebagai alat cetak industri terutama pada bidang mesin dan otomotif. Computer Numeric Control ( CNC ) pada dasarnya dapat memakai bahan apa saja yang secara fisik bisa digrafir atau dibor ( dengan penyesuaian tertentu pada alat potongnya sesuai klasifikasi bahan ). Bahan material dasar yang sering dipakai dengan Mesin Computer Numeric Control ( CNC ) antara lain : metal / besi, kayu, plastic dan aluminium. Dari beberapa hal tersebut apakah mesin Computer Numeric Control ( CNC ) dapat berperan dalam sebuah karya arsitektur yang dihasilkan seorang arsitek?, atau apakah nantinya dengan adanya teknologi semacam ini peran arsitek tak lagi dibutuhkan? Pada sebuah karya arsitektur material bahan bangunan fabrikasi yang dihasilkan oleh Mesin Computer Numeric Control ( CNC ), biasanya dipakai sebagai finishing, walau tidak menutup kemungkinan dipakai sebagai sebuah struktur dengan rekayasa tertentu, dan juga material fabrikasi semacam ini dipakai sebagai bagian dari interior maupun produk produk furnitur hingga pelengkap suatu ruangan seperti vas, lampu, rak, dll. Produk Computer Numeric Control ( CNC ) pada sebuah karya arsitektur juga sangat indah dinikmati sebagai komponen yang diekspos pada bangunan. Suatu hasil dari produk Computer Numeric Control ( CNC ) tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai karya arsitektur apabila hanya indah tetapi tanpa makna. Seorang arsitek menggunakan Mesin Computer Numeric Control ( CNC ) adalah sebagai tools atau alat kepanjangan tangan untuk menerjemahkan konsep dan arti dari sebuah karya arsitektur.

This research is motivated by the problem of lack of motivation and attention of students in following the teaching and learning process in the classroom because teaching and learning activities still use conventional methods. This makes students have difficulty in understanding the material being studied so that basic competencies and KKM are not achieved. This study uses the Research and Development (RnD) product development method, using 6 out of 10 research stages, namely potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design improvement and product testing. In this study, researchers used multimedia with the Mind Map method as an interesting learning medium by using a computer that can display text, images, video, and audio so that the learning process is more enjoyable for students. The results of this study are multimedia-based learning media using the Mind Map method. The validity value of media experts is 3.6 which is declared feasible, while the validity value of material experts is 3.8 which is declared feasible, and increases students' understanding and interest as users from 61% initially to increase to 86.11%.

This study aims to determine the implementation of the banjar begawe tradition and the implementation of Pancasila values ​​in East Suwangi Village, Sakra District, East Lombok Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The subjects in this study were the community of cultural actors, namely members of the Banjar Begawe and the informants in this study were the head of the Banjar Begawe and religious leaders. Data collection techniques in this study using observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study regarding the implementation of the banjar begawe tradition and the implementation of Pancasila values ​​in East Suwangi Village, Sakra District, East Lombok Regency, among others, are as follows: the implementation process includes, preparation stage, implementation stage, stage, closing. The preparatory stage consists of deliberation, and preparing tools and materials. The implementation stage consists of a begawe (party) event. The closing stage consists of praying and remembrance together and eating together. The timing of the implementation of the banjar begawe tradition is uncertain, but the benchmark is if one of the family members of the banjar begawe is married, mate (died), or is going to hold another celebration. the parties involved are members of the banjar begawe, family and relatives who hold the begawe event, and religious leaders. implementation of Pancasila values ​​in the banjar begawe tradition in East Suwangi Village, Sakra District, East Lombok Regency.

At this time the learning process is still partially carried out online (in the network) considering the positive cases of Covid-19 that still exist in the Semarang City area. The implementation of online learning is not without problems, even in several countries, especially Indonesia, it is reported that countries that adopt online learning on average are actually much smaller than expected. The implementation of online learning makes students less understanding of the learning materials provided and students' low interest in learning during the pandemic. This study aims to create a learning application for grade VI elementary school students that contains learning materials, practice questions that are randomized using LCM and facilitate the results of the assessment of the questions. From the results of LCM randomization, each student did not get the same or twin questions. From the test of 3 students, it was found that the questions that appeared in the same order were question number 6, while the questions that appeared in a different order were questions number 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10

Electronic registration of land certificates has been implemented by the Government through the Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang / Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN). However, certificate owners often doubt the legal force of electronic certificates, especially their validity to be used as evidence in court. This study examines specifically the juridical review regarding legal certainty obtained by the owner of an electronic land certificate. The research uses a normative juridical approach, with secondary data in the form of legal materials, primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Based on research, electronic certificates have a strong legal basis and have legal force as proof of rights to ownership and utilization of land. Thus, the owner of the certificate gets legal certainty in the form of protection of his land asset rights.

Tooth loss is an oral health problem that often causes disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), such as pain, clicking sounds, and difficulty chewing. This study aims to provide education and prevent TMJ disorders in the community of Rappocini District who experience tooth loss. The research method includes educational sessions through counseling and distribution of printed materials, as well as prevention through recommendations for the use of dentures and physical exercise. Evaluation was carried out by measuring changes in knowledge, attitudes, and symptoms of TMJ before and after the intervention. The results showed an increase in The research method includes educational sessions through counseling and distribution of printed materials, as well as prevention through recommendations for the use of dentures and physical exercise. Evaluation was carried out by measuring changes in knowledge, attitudes, and symptoms of TMJ before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that educational and clinical interventions can significantly improve the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of diabetes mellitus patients towards their dental and oral health.