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Microplastics have emerged as a serious threat to tropical marine ecosystems in Indonesia, particularly in coastal areas with dense populations, major river estuaries, and busy shipping routes. This study aims to develop a predictive model of microplastic dispersion using partial differential equations based on ocean current data. The data set includes ocean currents derived from satellite imagery, global oceanographic models, and field observations, combined with information on microplastic sources from coastal human activities. The modeling process was conducted through numerical simulations using the finite difference method, taking into account geographic boundary conditions and numerical stability. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of microplastics is strongly influenced by seasonal current patterns closely associated with the Asian-Australian monsoon system. Microplastic concentrations tend to increase in areas with closed circulation and complex marine topography, with the highest accumulation identified in the Makassar Strait and the Java Sea. These findings highlight the critical role of ocean currents and other oceanographic factors in governing the transport and accumulation of microplastics in tropical seas. Ecologically, the outcomes suggest serious risks for coastal ecosystems, marine biodiversity, and the fisheries sector that supports Indonesia’s coastal communities. The implications of this study emphasize the need for more comprehensive marine environmental management strategies, strengthened field monitoring, and the integration of scientific models into plastic pollution control policies.

Mount Batur's jeep tourism has recently become one of the most in-demand natural tourism activities in Bali. However, behind its popularity, there is a lack of understanding regarding the management pattern and collaborative mechanisms among local actors. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of community-based tourism governance in Batur jeep tourism through a qualitative descriptive method using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research finds that while the community plays a central role in operations, there is still a semi-formal governance structure with limited documentation and control mechanisms. From the perspective of the POAC management approach, the practices excel in execution (actuating) but are weak in planning and controlling. In terms of visitor experience, the tourism product already incorporates entertainment and escapism dimensions but lacks strong educational and aesthetic components. The study concludes that the jeep tourism in Batur has succeeded in mobilizing local resources and building an economic movement, yet it requires the strengthening of management structures, storytelling-based education, and environmentally sound standard operating procedures (SOPs). These steps are essential to ensure sustainability and long-term tourist satisfaction.

Anemia is one of the most common health problems among pregnant women and remains a major challenge in midwifery services. Anemia in pregnancy is primarily caused by iron deficiency, which leads to decreased hemoglobin levels and poses a risk of impaired fetal growth as well as an increased likelihood of delivery complications. Anemia in pregnant women is also one of the contributing factors to the high maternal and neonatal mortality rates (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2022). This study aimed to determine the effect of iron (Fe) supplement consumption patterns on the risk of anemia among pregnant women at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025. This research employed a quantitative design with a descriptive correlational approach. The population of this study comprised all pregnant women attending BPM Aida Nospita in Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, totaling 45 participants. The results of the analysis indicated a significant relationship between the pattern of iron (Fe) supplement consumption and the risk of anemia in pregnant women (p = 0.000).

This research was conducted with the aim of describing the behavior and outlining the strategies implemented by Pertamini retail gasoline traders in maintaining their businesses after the establishment of a gas station in Umbulan Village. The use of methods in this research is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. In this study, it was found that the behavior of Pertamini retail gasoline traders after the establishment of a gas station in Umbulan Village is more dominantly influenced by external factors from the surrounding environment or market conditions such as the gas station's operating hours, the shift of customers to the gas station, and the proximity to the gas station in Umbulan Village. Thus, the Pertamini retail gasoline traders demonstrate resilience by adapting to market changes and remaining focused on their main objectives, as reflected in their commitment to keep their business open every day despite having few customers. Traders also build close relationships with local customers and suppliers, which are not only based on economic transactions but also on social relations. Although there are disputes between the retail gasoline traders and the Umbulan Village gas station, the traders strive to maintain good relationships. Then, the traders maintain their relationship patterns through good communication and close social interactions, which highlight the importance of social norms in maintaining harmonious relationships. By implementing adaptation strategies, achieving goals, integration, and maintaining good relationship patterns, they strive to survive in the increasingly fierce competition.

The family is the smallest social unit in society that plays an important role in individual development. Harmonius relationships within the family are the main foundation for creating individuals who are physically, emotionally, and psychologically healthy. Family Psychodynamics is an approach to family counseling that is rooted in psychoanalytic theory. This approach focuses on unconscious emotional patterns in relationships between family members, as well as the influence of childhood experiences on current family dynamics. Behavioral Social Family Counseling is an approach to family counseling that combines psychodynamic principles with social behavioral theory. This approach focuses on how social interactions and behaviors observed within the family affect the dynamics of relationships between family members.The Structural Family Approach is a counseling model that emphasizes family structure, including roles, hierarchies, and patterns of relationships between family members. This approach was developed by Salvador Minuchin, who believed that families have a structure that influences interactions between family members.  

Bridge infrastructure is a vital component of transportation systems that is vulnerable to structural damage caused by dynamic loads, environmental factors, and aging. Early crack detection is crucial to prevent structural failures that may lead to catastrophic consequences. This study aims to develop a non-destructive detection method based on acoustic sensors to identify cracks in bridge structures with higher sensitivity and accuracy compared to conventional visual inspections. The research was conducted through laboratory experiments and field tests using acoustic sensors, data acquisition devices, and signal analysis software. The procedure included sensor installation on a bridge model, simulation of artificial cracks with varying sizes and positions, recording of acoustic wave signals, and data analysis using frequency spectrum, amplitude, and waveform pattern approaches. The results show significant differences between normal and cracked conditions in the frequency spectrum, where cracks produced amplitude anomalies at specific frequencies. Amplitude analysis revealed a positive correlation between crack size and acoustic signal intensity, while waveform pattern analysis demonstrated the influence of crack position on distortion levels. Cracks located at the center generated the highest distortion, followed by joints and edges. These findings confirm that acoustic sensors, particularly fiber-optic-based ones, offer advantages such as high sensitivity, reliability under complex environmental conditions, and the ability to detect subsurface cracks. The implications of this research highlight the potential development of an acoustic sensor-based structural health monitoring system integrated with real-time analysis software, thereby supporting preventive maintenance, extending infrastructure lifespan, and enhancing transportation safety.

Batik has been recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage og Humanity on October 2, 2009. Hand-drawn batik is batik produced using a canting tulis as a tool to apply wax to the surface of the cloth. In creating this work, the author used the Hendriyana creation method. The stages of the process of creating a work of art from this method include: 1. Preparation stage 2. Imagination stage 3. Imagination development stage and 4. Work stage. This creation research aims to produce innovations in flora and fauna works in hand-drawn batik motifs. The flora and fauna motifs that the author uses in creating this hand-drawn batik work are rose, dahlia, and butterfly motifs. The results of the creation of hand-drawn batik works with flora and fauna motifs produced 12 batik works in the form of two-dimensional works measuring 100 x 200 cm which can be used as clothing materials. Using the colet technique in the coloring process to produce more dynamic and expressive color variations. The process of creating hand-drawn batik begins with the process of making a motif on paper, transferring the pattern from the paper to the cloth, the canting process, giving color to the cloth, and drooping the cloth.

In the digital era, government public communications face complex new challenges, particularly in building positive public perceptions of government performance. Digital transformation has changed patterns of interaction between the government and the public, creating an increasingly critical, connected, and participatory society. The primary issue in this research is the effectiveness of government Public Relations (PR) digital communication strategies in responding to the dynamics of this digital society. The research focuses on how innovations in government PR communication content influence public perceptions in the context of digital public communications. This research uses a Rapid Review approach, analyzing nine relevant scientific articles published in 2025 and applying the ADO(Antecedent–Decision–Outcome) framework. Three main theories serve as the basis for the analysis: Government Communication Theory, Image Management Theory, and Digital Public Participation Theory. The findings indicate that the success of government public communications in the digital era is significantly influenced by three main factors: first, innovative, creative and interactive content that attracts attention and builds engagement; second, a two-way communication strategy that adapts to public feedback; and third, consistency in shaping and maintaining a positive and credible digital narrative. Furthermore, this research reveals that participatory and open digital communication can increase public trust, reduce disinformation, and strengthen the legitimacy of government institutions. Thus, this research provides a practical contribution to the development of public communication strategies that are more participatory, inclusive, and responsive to the dynamics of the digital era. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for government communication practitioners in designing effective and relevant public communication policies amidst the rapid and competitive flow of information.

This study aims to analyze the use of Indonesian by students of the Tourism Study Program at STIEPAR Yapari in an academic context. Indonesian as a national language plays an important role in effective communication in higher education environments. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results of the study indicate that students still tend to use informal language and mix foreign terms in academic communication, which results in grammatical errors and hinders understanding of the material. Several factors that influence this language use pattern include daily habits, the influence of social media, and the dominance of foreign languages. This study is expected to contribute to improving the quality of Indonesian language use among students, as well as providing recommendations for lecturers and institutions in more effective language learning.

This study examines in depth the history and development of Kaing Lunggi—the local term for songket cloth—in the Sambas region, West Kalimantan. This study has two main focuses. First, tracing the history of the cloth and textile trade in Southeast Asia that became the background for the entry of external influences into the Sambas region. Second, understanding how Kaing Lunggi emerged, developed, and transformed within the social, economic, and cultural contexts of the local community. Using a historical approach and textile cultural analysis, this study positions Kaing Lunggi as a cultural product born from the dynamics of regional trade since the Sambas Sultanate era. Historical records show that trade networks during that period connected Sambas with major trading centers such as Malacca, Singapore, and the coastal areas of Borneo. Through this route, there was an exchange of raw materials, weaving techniques, and decorative motifs that were then adapted by local artisans. The process of aculturation is visible in Kaing Lunggi motifs that combine local elements with external influences, such as typical Indonesian flora and fauna combined with geometric patterns and typical Malay stylization. The songket weaving technique demonstrates high skill and has been passed down through generations, making it an important part of intangible cultural heritage. Besides its economic value as a trade commodity, Kaing Lunggi also holds a symbolic role. It is worn in various traditional ceremonies, religious celebrations, and as a marker of social status in Sambas society. The use of color, gold thread, and the complexity of the motifs serve as indicators of the wearer's identity and prestige. The results of this study confirm that traditional textiles such as Kaing Lunggi function not only as cultural artifacts but also as active agents in shaping the history and identity of the community. They represent cross-cultural encounters and serve as evidence of the resilience of local traditions amidst globalization.

This study aims to analyze the impact of overtime work on physical and mental fatigue of the crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya, by identifying the causal factors and consequences that may arise due to additional working hours. In this study, the researcher will apply a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted by the author on the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya owned by PT Pelayaran Manalagi which is a subsidiary of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines, with the ship call sign "YBTL2" and a total load capacity of 52201 MT. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of this research data used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it explains that the Overtime Pattern: The crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya experienced an average of 4.5 hours of overtime per day, with the Engine Department experiencing the highest overtime (an average of 5.2 hours). Overtime most often occurs during loading and unloading at the port (35%) and when facing bad weather (27%), Physical Impact: Continuous overtime causes significant physical impacts in the form of sleep disturbances (80%), back and waist pain (70%), and muscle pain (60%), Mental Impact: As many as 85% of crew experience moderate to severe mental fatigue due to overtime, with the main symptoms being difficulty concentrating (75%), irritability (65%), and decreased decision-making ability (60%). Safety: There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the duration of overtime and the frequency of safety incidents. The risk of incidents increases by 28% for every additional 2 hours of overtime, Work Performance: Overtime has an impact on decreased work performance, especially in problem-solving skills (45%), compliance with procedures (41%), and effective communication (37%), Overtime Management: The most effective overtime management strategies are task rotation and fatigue management training, but their implementation is still not optimal. Limited number of personnel and operational demands are the main obstacles in minimizing overtime, Regulatory Compliance: Average working hours of MV ship crew. Keywords: Overtime Work, Physical Fatigue, Mental Crew.

The purpose of the Final Project is to visualize the classic onthel bicycle in the development of the times as an idea for the creation of graphic works in serigraphy technique with a combination method, colet method, afdruk method and cut pattern method. The method of creation carried out in the final work has stages from the beginning of the process to the end, namely the preparation, elaboration, synthesis, concept realization, and completion or finishing stages in the work. In the process of making the final work measuring 69 cm x 49cm using serigraphy on canvas, there are 10 pieces with titles namely: Renewal, Communication, Trend, Sad, Driver, Influence, Obstacle, Identity, Message, and Consistent.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of criminal law policies in efforts to eradicate narcotics networks in Indonesia during the 2015-2024 period. The drug problem continues to be a serious threat to national resilience, with increasingly organized crime patterns and utilizing sophisticated technology. This research uses a juridical-empirical approach with a qualitative research method to analyze the implementation of criminal law policies towards eradicating drug networks. Data was obtained through literature study and in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the field of drug law enforcement. The results show that criminal law policy in Indonesia still faces various challenges, including inconsistencies in the application of penalties, limited coordination between institutions, and problems in implementing rehabilitation programs. Factors affecting policy effectiveness include aspects of legislation, law enforcement, public awareness, and international cooperation. This research recommends comprehensive policy reform, increasing the capacity of law enforcement officials, strengthening the rehabilitation system, and optimizing regional and international cooperation in combating drug networks

This study aims to analyze the influence of Digital Customer Experience (DCE) and Customer Engagement (CE) on Brand Loyalty (BL) among Generation Z, a digital-native cohort that plays a strategic role in shaping market dynamics in the digital era. Using a quantitative explanatory research design, data were collected through a structured questionnaire employing a 5-point Likert scale, distributed to 100 purposively selected respondents aged 18–27 who actively interact with brands through digital platforms. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied with SPSS software to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that Digital Customer Experience has a positive and significant impact on Brand Loyalty, indicating that seamless, personalized, and satisfying digital interactions enhance consumer loyalty. Similarly, Customer Engagement exerts a positive and significant influence on Brand Loyalty, emphasizing the role of active customer participation in strengthening emotional attachment and long-term commitment to brands. Jointly, both variables explain over 70% of the variation in Brand Loyalty, underscoring their synergistic effect in driving repurchase intention and advocacy behaviors among Generation Z. The findings provide both theoretical implications for enriching the customer experience–engagement–loyalty framework and practical guidance for marketers to optimize digital touchpoints, foster interactive engagement, and design loyalty-driven strategies tailored to Generation Z’s behavioral patterns in the digital marketplace.

Social media, particularly Instagram, has become a strategic medium for government institutions to disseminate policy-related information to the public. This study aims to analyze how visual elements are applied in educational infographic content on the Instagram account @ditjentataruang, specifically in the January 2025 edition, using the theory of visual hierarchy. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through visual observation, in-depth interviews with the content designer, and documentation. Four infographic posts were selected as the subjects of analysis, each examined based on elements of color, typography, layout and composition, and visual imagery. The results indicate that the use of visual elements in the infographics is not arbitrary, but designed with a clear visual communication strategy. Green is consistently used as the institution's visual identity and a marker of visual stability. Typography is structured hierarchically to guide the reading flow, and layouts are designed using Z or C patterns to direct audience attention. In addition, visualizations such as icons and photographs are used to reinforce messages and create concrete context. These findings are strengthened through data triangulation involving observation, interviews, and supporting theories, confirming that the infographic content by the Directorate General of Spatial Planning applies the principles of visual hierarchy consciously and strategically in delivering public information.

This research aims to examine the learning methods and challenges faced by several students when solving mathematics problems regarding number patterns, with an emphasis on analyzing students' thinking processes. This study employs an approach to analyze students' ways of thinking. In this study, a qualitative approach is used with a case study method on a group of junior high school students. Information was collected through observations and analysis of students' work. The findings of the research indicate that students apply various strategies in understanding the material of number patterns, which include memorizing patterns to trying to find their own formulas. However, many students face difficulties in drawing conclusions about patterns and connecting relevant mathematical concepts to everyday life. Common mistakes include errors in recognizing patterns, errors in calculations, and a lack of precision in understanding problems. Analysis of the thinking process shows that some students are still at the concrete operational thinking level, so they need visual aids and real-life examples to better understand patterns. This research emphasizes the need for an approach in teaching that can enhance students' abstract thinking abilities and requires varied practice in determining numerical pattern problems.    

The rapid development of social media has changed the learning patterns of the digital generation, including in learning Japanese. This study examines the effectiveness of short videos based on social media such as YouTube Shorts, TikTok, and Instagram Reels as a medium for learning Japanese. The study used a quantitative approach through a descriptive survey with a Likert scale instrument, involving 61 respondents who had experience teaching Japanese using short videos. The findings showed that this media effectively improved vocabulary and phrase understanding, practised pronunciation, and built learning motivation. However, its effectiveness in developing productive skills such as speaking and writing is still limited. Most respondents also stated the need for longer content to deepen mastery of the material. These findings indicate that short videos have the potential to be an interesting, practical, and easily accessible learning medium. However, the development of learning content should be directed at combining the visual appeal of short videos and communication practice-oriented materials to achieve more optimal and sustainable learning outcomes.

The objective of this study is to design an appropriate strategy in instilling character values ​​in grade 5 students of SDN Walikukun, with an emphasis on strengthening the values ​​of responsibility, discipline, honesty, and cooperation. The study employed literature studies and qualitative data analysis, which resulted in the conclusion that it is very important for character building in elementary schools to be implemented systematically and sustainably. These efforts need to involve the active role of various parties, such as teachers, parents, schools, and the surrounding environment. The implementation strategy includes integrating character values ​​in the teaching and learning process, habituating positive daily actions, role models from teachers, and monitoring student development through behavioral documentation. In addition, democratic and communicative parenting patterns greatly influence children's character formation, especially if adjusted to the child's innate personality type which can be recognized through approaches such as genetic personality. Simple digital technology can also be used as a supporting medium for character education, although there are still obstacles in the form of limited facilities and infrastructure. The results obtained from this study are hoped to be used as a reference in the implementation of relevant and effective character education at SDN Walikukun.

Communication within the family is an important foundation in shaping children's character and mindset, especially when facing conflicts or sensitive issues such as teenage pregnancy. The film Dua Garis Biru by Gina S. Noer realistically depicts the dynamics of communication between family members when faced with surprising and stressful situations. This study aims to examine how family communication patterns are represented in the film, and how these communication messages reflect the social conditions of Indonesian society. This study uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach, especially in scenes showing interactions between the main characters and their respective parents. The results of the study show that this film represents a family communication pattern that is authoritative, closed, but slowly develops into a more open and empathetic one along with the ongoing conflict. The film Dua Garis Biru not only presents teenage conflicts, but also reflects the importance of openness and emotional support in family communication. This representation can be a reflection for parents and teenagers in building healthy and solution-oriented communication within the family.  

Tongkol fish is one of the abundant sources of animal protein and is easily found in coastal areas, including Pantai Amal Village. However, the utilization of tongkol fish by the community is still limited to traditional processing that is less varied. On the other hand, fellow students often face challenges in meeting daily nutritional needs due to economic limitations and instant consumption patterns that are low in nutrition. This study aims to develop innovations in processing tongkol fish into spicy shredded fish as an economical, nutritious, and practical food solution. The research methods include the production process, taste testing, and analysis of production and consumption costs. The results show that spicy shredded fish has a high protein content, a taste that consumers like, and a fairly long shelf life so that it is suitable as a daily food stock. In addition, this product is proven to be more economical than consuming fast food, so it is effective in helping students from out of town manage their expenses while meeting their nutritional needs. This innovation also has the potential to increase the added value of tongkol fish and support local food security in coastal areas.