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Blood transfusion requires the availability of high-quality blood, which is determined, among others, by the donor's hemoglobin (Hb) level. One factor that may affect Hb is sleep quality. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep quality and hemoglobin levels among prospective blood donors at UDD PMI South Sulawesi Province in 2025. Methods: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while Hb levels were measured using a hemoglobinometer. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: The majority of respondents (75%) had good sleep quality, while 25% had poor sleep quality. Normal Hb levels (12.5–17 g/dL) were found in 96% of respondents, while 3% were low and 1% were high. The Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between sleep quality and Hb levels (p = 0.050). Conclusion: Good sleep quality is significantly associated with normal hemoglobin levels in prospective donors. Educational programs about healthy sleep patterns before donation are necessary to improve donor eligibility and ensure a safe blood supply.

The Child Friendly School policy is an important instrument in protecting children's rights and preventing violence in educational environments. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the Child Friendly School policy at SD Negeri Kandangan, Krembung District, Sidoarjo Regency using William Dunn's policy evaluation approach. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. Research informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques consisting of school principals, teachers, school committees, and students. Data analysis techniques use the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the evaluation of policy effectiveness achieves a fairly good level of success in creating a safe and comfortable learning environment, although there are still some teachers who use conventional disciplinary methods. The efficiency evaluation shows that schools optimize limited resources through community participation and village government support. The adequacy evaluation identifies the need for improved facilities such as prayer rooms and special rooms for students with special needs. The equity evaluation shows the school's commitment to providing inclusive educational services without discrimination. The responsiveness evaluation shows high stakeholder satisfaction with child-friendly school programs. The accuracy evaluation confirms that this policy is appropriate for inclusive schools that have students with special needs. This research contributes to the development of educational policy evaluation with a focus on child protection in inclusive schools.  

Hypertension is categorized as one of the most widespread chronic non-infectious conditions among the elderly and can heighten the risk of serious complications. A non-pharmacological strategy that may be implemented to manage hypertension is the administration of boiled moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), which are known among scientific communities for possessing antioxidant agents and potent bioactive molecules that function synergistically in maintaining cardiovascular stability and decreasing arterial pressure. This empirical study sought to examine how far the intake of boiled moringa leaves contributes to reducing blood pressure values in hypertensive older adults living within Meunasah Papeun Village, situated in Krueng Barona Jaya Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District. The statistical evaluation showed a significant p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), confirming a substantial effect under a quantitative quasi-experimental approach applying the One Group Pretest-Posttest model. The research sample included 20 participants chosen from a total population of 77 individuals through purposive sampling. The investigation took place from May 27 to June 25. Data were obtained using observation forms, standard operating procedures (SOP) for moringa leaf preparation, and manual sphygmomanometer readings. The findings revealed that prior to the application of treatment, the mean systolic blood pressure reached a level of 193.30 mmHg, whereas following the intervention it displayed a considerable decrease, it fell to 129.75 mmHg. The mean diastolic pressure also exhibited a decrease from 94.00 mmHg, confirming the notable influence of moringa leaf decoction in controlling hypertension. In summary, moringa leaf infusion proved effective in lowering blood pressure among elderly individuals suffering from hypertension. It is recommended that patients regularly consume boiled moringa leaves when experiencing increased blood pressure, that community health services provide education regarding non-pharmacological hypertension management through moringa leaf decoction, and that further research explore this topic with broader variables.

The role of Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School's policy in instilling an attitude of tasamuh (tolerance) among students amidst the challenges of the digital era is the subject of this research. In addition to offering many conveniences, the digital era has also become a tool for spreading exclusive ideologies, hoaxes, and hatred that threaten tolerance. As an Islamic educational institution, Islamic boarding schools have a responsibility to protect their students. This research collected data through in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school leaders, ustadz, and students, as well as observation activities and analysis of policy documents (qanun). A qualitative approach, case study method, was used. The results of the study show that Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School implements three levels of policy: (1) Curricular Policy that focuses on the study of moderate yellow books (fiqh muqaranah and tasawuf) as the theological basis of tasamuh; (2) Student Policy that encourages discussion and interaction (such as bahtsul masail) with strict sanctions for bullying; and (3) Digital Adaptive Policy that establishes strict regulations on the use of gadgets and the "Ngaji Cyber-Akhlaq" program.

Improving the quality of education has become a strategic issue in the management of educational institutions in the global era. One widely used approach is Total Quality Management (TQM), which focuses on continuous improvement, multi-stakeholder engagement, and stakeholder satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the implementation of TQM in education, specifically regarding implementation strategies, challenges, and opportunities faced by educational institutions. This study used a qualitative literature review method, examining five scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. Data were obtained through searches on Google Scholar and Publish or Perish, then analyzed through screening and thematic coding. The study results indicate that the implementation of TQM contributes positively to improving the quality of learning, graduate quality, and internal quality assurance systems at various levels of education. The integration of Islamic values ​​and character is also a trend in the implementation of TQM in religious-based schools. In conclusion, it was found that most research is still case studies and limited to specific school contexts, thus not providing a comprehensive picture of the variation in TQM practices at various levels of education. Therefore, further comparative and integrative research is needed to strengthen understanding of the effectiveness of MMT in continuously improving the quality of education.

This study aims to determine the contribution of self-efficacy to teachers' work stress at SLB Negeri 1 Harau, the only public special school in Harau District. Teachers at SLB face complex challenges in dealing with students with special needs, which has the potential to cause work stress. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method to test the relationship between self-efficacy and work stress. The research population is all teachers at SLB Negeri 1 Harau as many as 20 people, with a total sampling technique. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire on self-efficacy and work stress which was compiled based on the Likert scale. The results of the analysis showed a correlation value of 0.795** with df = 18 and r table = 0.443, which means that there is a significant and strong relationship between self-efficacy and work stress. The regression test using SPSS version 29 produced an Fcount of 21.974 > a Ftable of 3.28, so that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. These findings show that self-efficacy contributes significantly to teachers' work stress. Teachers with high levels of self-efficacy tend to have better ability to manage work pressure and respond to learning challenges positively. This research provides important implications for the development of psychological intervention programs and self-efficacy improvement training for educators in an inclusive education environment.

Mathematics learning plays an essential role in developing students’ logical, systematic, and analytical thinking skills. One of the higher-order thinking abilities that serves as a main focus in mathematics education is mathematical reasoning. This ability is closely related to the process of mathematical proof, which functions to justify the truth of a statement logically. This study aims to examine the relationship between the understanding of proof concepts and the development of mathematical reasoning among junior high school students through a library research approach. Data were obtained from various sources such as textbooks, journal articles, research findings, and relevant educational documents. The analysis was conducted using the content analysis method to review both conceptual and empirical findings from the literature. The results indicate that understanding the concept of proof not only helps students comprehend the logical structure of mathematics but also contributes to the development of deductive and reflective reasoning skills. Engaging in proof activities enables students to shift from merely imitative reasoning toward independent logical construction (creative reasoning). However, teaching proof at the junior high school level still faces several challenges, such as students’ limited understanding of basic logic, time constraints, and the lack of teacher training in teaching proof effectively. Therefore, learning strategies that emphasize students’ thought processes, provide opportunities for exploration, and integrate proof activities into meaningful learning contexts are needed.

Youth empowerment is an effective strategy for improving the quality of community-based public health. As the nation's next generation, adolescents have great potential to become agents of change, including in the health sector. This study aims to develop a model for empowering adolescents as agents of public health leadership at the community level. The method used is a community-based participatory research approach involving adolescents, community leaders, and health workers. The results show that leadership training, health education, and social activities can increase the capacity of adolescents to lead and educate the community about clean and healthy living behaviors. The implementation of these activities also shows increased community participation and changes in health behaviors in the target environment. In conclusion, empowering adolescents as agents of community leadership can be a sustainable strategy for strengthening a public health system based on active participation.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia’s economic development, particularly in job creation, income distribution, and tax revenue contribution. To support MSMEs and encourage formal tax participation, the government issued Government Regulation (PP) No. 23 of 2018, which reduced the Final Income Tax (PPh Final) rate from 1% to 0.5% of gross turnover. This policy aims to increase tax compliance, reduce administrative burdens, and expand the national tax base. This study analyzes the impact of the implementation of the Final Income Tax policy on MSME taxpayer compliance, focusing on reporting and payment behavior. The findings indicate that the tax rate reduction positively influences compliance levels among MSME taxpayers. However, several challenges persist, including limited understanding of tax procedures, lack of socialization, and low digital literacy related to tax systems. Therefore, beyond lowering tax rates, continuous education, mentoring, and the enhancement of digital-based tax services are necessary to strengthen voluntary compliance. This policy is considered a strategic initiative in improving Indonesia’s tax system and supporting sustainable economic growth driven by the MSME sector.

Body shaming represents a global issue shaped by social constructions and media portrayals of the human body. Individuals who experience body shaming often feel humiliated and intimidated, leading to low self-image and diminished gratitude for their bodies. This study aimed to examine the effect of body shaming education on adolescents’ knowledge levels at SMP Futuhiyah Mranggen. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The population included all 41 male and female seventh-grade students, selected through total sampling. Researchers used a validated knowledge questionnaire delivered through a PowerPoint presentation as the data collection instrument. Data analysis applied the Wilcoxon test. The conclusion of this study is that there is an influence of body shaming education on the level of knowledge of adolescents at SMP Futuhiyah Mranggen with a p-value of 0.000 because it is less than 0.05. The suggestion that will be put forward is that it is hoped that all adolescents can increase their understanding of body shaming, to find out the level of knowledge about body shaming in adolescents who are given intervention, and awareness of the impact of body shaming and handling of body shaming in adolescents at SMP Futuhiyah Mranggen, adolescents who are given education related to body shaming and surrounding adolescents.

This study focuses on analyzing how financial literacy, risk perception, and income level influence investment decision-making among students. The background of this analysis arises from the low understanding of financial management and the importance of risk considerations in investment among students. A quantitative survey method was employed, involving 93 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis along with validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The findings indicate that financial literacy and risk perception have a significant positive effect on investment decisions, while income does not have a partial effect. Simultaneously, all three variables positively influence investment decisions. These results emphasize the need for students to understand financial literacy and risk awareness to make informed investment decisions. The practical implications of this study support the development of effective financial education for students and serve as a reference for future research on investment behavior and personal financial management.

This research aims to evaluate how the optimization of the private learning system contributes to improving the understanding of Islamic values among students and the community in Peria-ria Village, Biru-Biru District, Deli Serdang Regency. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study explores how private learning methods are implemented in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and how they impact learners’ comprehension, character development, and social awareness. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, community leaders, and students, as well as documentation during the 2025 Independent Community Service (KKN Mandiri) program conducted by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara. The findings show that private learning based on Islamic values effectively enhances students’ understanding of akidah, ibadah, and akhlaq in a more interactive and contextual way. The learning process encourages not only religious knowledge but also positive behavioral change, responsibility, and social solidarity within the community. Although this model requires consistent mentoring, it provides valuable insights for developing more adaptive and sustainable Islamic education strategies at the community level.

This study aims to develop an innovative learning medium in the form of a board game titled “ReproQuest: Adolescent Reproductive Health” to introduce and enhance students’ understanding of adolescent reproductive health at SMP Negeri 16 Kota Serang. The development process employed the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) with eighth-grade students as research subjects selected through purposive sampling. The stages included analyzing student needs, designing an interactive game concept, and conducting feasibility and effectiveness tests. The feasibility assessment results showed an average score of 86.3% (categorized as highly feasible), consisting of 72.87% from linguists, 92.85% from media and material experts, and 87.5% from practitioners. A limited trial involving 10 students demonstrated improved understanding of reproductive health, with 70% of students achieving a moderate level and 30% reaching a high level of comprehension. These findings indicate that the “ReproQuest” board game is feasible, engaging, and effective as a learning medium and guidance tool to promote reproductive health education among adolescents. Moreover, it serves as an enjoyable and participatory learning alternative that fosters positive attitudes and awareness of reproductive health among junior high school students.

The use of information technology has become a non-negotiable necessity, as the availability of integrated information is increasingly crucial in supporting efforts to create efficient and competitive company/organizational systems. Good academic information system management is essential for providing services to those in need and resulting in improved performance in education delivery. Accuracy and precision in presenting information are important factors in managing information. From the results of the t-test calculation calculated using SPSS 20 partially, it was found that the t-value for the effectiveness variable was 3.819 and the convenience variable was 1.745 and the quality variable was 1.933 when compared with the t-table of 1.663, it was concluded that Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted, thus partially the independent variable influenced the dependent variable, namely student satisfaction. From the results of the F-test calculation, it was found that the F-count was 9.628> from the F-table, which was 2.48, and the significance level was 0.00, which was smaller than 0.05, and this meant that overall the independent variables had an effect on the dependent variable. From the results of the R test, it was found that the determinant coefficient was 0.599 and R2 was 0.359, this meant that the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable was 35.9% and the remaining 64.1% was influenced by other variables that had not been studied.

Rice production remains a strategic component in supporting local food security, yet its performance is strongly influenced by the heterogeneity of farmers' characteristics. This study aims to describe the characteristics of rice farmers in Tonra District and analyze their implications for the formulation of agricultural extension programs. Using a descriptive quantitative approach with 100 respondents selected proportionally from eleven villages, the research examines key variables including land size, seed use, fertilizer application, age, education level, and farming experience. The findings reveal clear variations in productivity among farmers, where higher production is generally associated with larger landholding, optimal input use, productive age groups, higher educational attainment, and moderate farming experience. These patterns highlight how farmers' demographic and agronomic characteristics shape their management capacity and adoption of recommended practices. The study emphasizes that extension programs must be designed based on farmers’ actual profiles to enhance relevance and effectiveness. Tailored strategies—such as visual communication for low-education groups, mechanization support for senior farmers, and input-use optimization training—are necessary to improve productivity outcomes. The results provide an important basis for developing more targeted, responsive, and sustainable agricultural extension programming at the district level.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of audit procedures on the cash account in nonprofit organizations, specifically in the P Educational Foundation, conducted by the Public ccounting Firm Djoko Soerjadi. The research employs a qualitative approach with the P Educational Foundation as the object of study. Primary data were obtained through direct observation during the audit process. The resulty indicate that the applied audit procedures include the determination of materiality levels, preparation of audit working papers, reconciliation of cash balances between financial statements and the general ledger, examination of bank statements, and the sending of bank confirmation letters. All cash audit procedures were carried out systematically and in accordance with applicable auditing standars in Indoensia. Theses findings suggest that the audit procedures performed by the Public Accounting Firm Djoko Soerjadi were conducted professionally and contributed to ensuring the transparency and accountability of the P Educational Foundation’s financial statements.

The community service program titled “Digital Literacy Transformation through Canva as a Strategic Step for Strengthening Education and Empowering the Potential of Susukan Village toward Independence” was implemented to enhance the digital literacy competencies of rural communities, particularly among youth. This initiative was motivated by the low level of digital-based educational literacy, limited use of interactive learning media, and the lack of promotional content supporting the creative economy in Susukan Village. The implementation method employed a community-based empowerment approach through five main stages: socialization, training, technology application, mentoring and evaluation, and the establishment of the Village Digital Literacy Center. The training was conducted through hands-on practice, including the introduction of basic Canva features, the creation of interactive learning media, and the development of village branding content. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in participants’ skills: 80% were able to produce at least three usable designs, 72% successfully created independent educational or promotional content, and participant satisfaction reached 91%. Moreover, participants’ digital literacy scores increased to 82.4 after the training. The establishment of the Village Digital Literacy Center serves as a strategic step to ensure program sustainability and autonomous knowledge transfer at the local level. Overall, this activity successfully promoted digital literacy transformation in Susukan Village, strengthened the community’s ability to utilize technology for education and local potential empowerment, and fostered an adaptive and self-reliant village in the digital era.  

Background: Hyperthermia happened due to the failure of thermoregulatory mechanisms. This condition is particularly dangerous in children because it may cause dehydration, seizures, impaired consciousness, and even damage to vital organs. Data from Riskesdas (2023) show that the highest prevalence of hyperthermia occurred in the 5–14 age group, at 1.9%. Parents, as the primary caregivers, play an essential role in the early detection and management of hyperthermia; therefore, their level of knowledge needs to be examined. Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the level of parental knowledge regarding the management of hyperthermia in children aged 8–12 years in Gianyar. Methods: This research employed a descriptive quantitative design with a total sampling technique. The sample consisted of 51 parents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing 10 items on the definition of hyperthermia, methods of measuring body temperature, signs and symptoms, and management practices. The data descriptively analyzed by using  the SPSS 25 version. Result: The results showed that most respondents were aged 36–45 years (45.1%), female (54.9%), had completed senior high school education (41.2%), and were employed in the private sector (37.3%). The majority of parents’ knowledge regarding hyperthermia management in children was categorized as good (22 respondents, 43.1%), followed by fair (18 respondents, 35.3%), and poor (11 respondents, 21.6%). Conclusion: The findings indicate that most parents possess good knowledge regarding hyperthermia management; however, a portion still requires improved understanding through health education.

The digital transformation of education in Indonesia presents both strategic opportunities and significant ethical challenges. On the one hand, technological innovation expands access, effectiveness, and quality of learning; on the other hand, it risks creating social disparities, the commercialization of education, and the reduction of human values. In this context, Pancasila is considered relevant as an ethical paradigm that guides the direction of digital transformation to remain grounded in humanity, social justice, and sustainability. This study aims to analyze Pancasila as an ethical framework for directing the development of educational technology in Indonesia. The method employed is a literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach, drawing on philosophical sources, educational policy documents, and practices of digital technology implementation at various educational levels. The analysis reveals that the values of Pancasila, particularly the second and fifth principles, can serve as normative foundations for shaping policies, design, and practices of educational technology that are humanistic, inclusive, and equitable. The study concludes that integrating the Pancasila paradigm is not only ideologically essential but also strategically significant in ensuring that the digital transformation of education in Indonesia aligns with national objectives and human dignity.

The implementation of Biology learning in senior high schools still faces various challenges, particularly the limitations of laboratory facilities and the low level of students’ science process skills(KPS). KPS  is an essential ability that supports conceptual understanding and critical thinking development through practical activities. This community service program aimed to improve students’ basic laboratory skills and KPS through hands-on training. The program was conducted at the Biology Education Laboratory of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Kuningan University, involving students from SMAN 1 Ciwaru. The methods included socialization, laboratory equipment training, preparation of practical materials, animal dissection training, application of virtual laboratory technology, and mentoring and evaluation sessions. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ abilities to use laboratory tools, prepare materials, and perform experiments according to scientific procedures. Before the training, only 32% of students were able to use laboratory equipment correctly, while after the training, this increased to 84%. The average scores for observation, measurement, data interpretation, and scientific communication also improved significantly. Furthermore, a satisfaction survey revealed an average score of 4.6 out of 5, with 92% of participants stating that the activity was very beneficial. This program proved effective in enhancing students’ basic laboratory and science process skills, providing meaningful, applicable, and sustainable science learning experiences. Keywords: : training, basic skills, laboratory, science process skills, biology.