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Empty oil palm bunches processed by palm oil mills in Indonesia are still abundant, reaching 56.35 million tons per year. Empty oil palm bunches contain around 40% cellulose, so they can still be used for various derivative products, one of which is composite products. The use of empty oil palm bunches as raw materials for Bioplastic production is a series of ongoing research, one of which is starch-cellulose blend, but until now it has not been successfully commercialized. The design of the starch cellulose blend bioplastic industry using palm oil as raw material produces two factories, namely a cellulose factory and a composite bioplastic factory. Both factories are designed in separate buildings. The separation of cellulose from TKKS uses a chemical method with soda, after mechanical treatment of size reduction. The industry is designed in 3 scales of production capacity, namely a large scale of 190,000 tons / year, medium 115.00 tons / year, and small 40,000 tons.year. The financial analysis of the three scales of production capacity as a whole is declared feasible. Profit margin is calculated at a minimum of 17.6%. The average payback period is between 3-5 years with an IRR of 24-49%. Analysis of the economic value produces an EScale index of 0.64 which indicates that the economic scale has been achieved. The economic scale of the starch cellulose blend bioplastic industry from TKKS is at a production capacity of 40,000 tons per year with a minimum supply of TKKS raw materials of 20,203 tons/year. At the smallest economic scale, the BEP is actually only 6627.4 tons/year, where this condition can be achieved because the industry has relatively small fixed costs.

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of a combination of microbial compounds from apple cider vinegar (ACV) and keji beling leaf extract against skin and wound pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). ACV is produced through apple fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti, rich in acetic acid, probiotics, and proteolytic enzymes. Keji beling leaf extract is obtained through ethanol maceration and contains flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and phytosterols—all of which have been shown to be antibacterial and antioxidant. The well diffusion method was used, with four treatments: negative control (DMSO), positive control (chloramphenicol 30µg), keji beling extract, and a combination of ACV + extract in various ratios. The results showed the largest inhibition zone in the 1:1 combination of ACV:extract, respectively 21.2±0.5mm (S. epidermidis) and 18.5±0.6mm (P. aeruginosa), much larger than the extract alone. This finding indicates significant synergism (p<0.05) between ACV and keji beling extract in stopping bacterial growth.

Vocabulary is an important element in language acquisition. However, currently many students lack vocabulary knowledge and many teachers still have not implemented technology in learning. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the Memrise application in teaching English vocabulary and the differences in students’ vocabulary mastery before and after treatment. The method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental design. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test on 35 students of class X-TSM 2 SMK Sore Tulungagung in the 2024/2025 academic year. The results showed that the average score increased from 66.14 to 86.71 after using the application. The paired t-test showed a t value of -11.031 with a significance of <0.001, which means there is a significant difference. Cohen's d effect size value of -1.865 and Hedges -1.844 showed a large effect. These results prove that the Memrise application is effective in improving students' vocabulary mastery. The implication is that application-based learning such as Memrise can be an interesting and useful alternative in the English learning process at the vocational school level

This study examines the various forms of trauma experienced by patients with mental disorders, particularly those caused by violence and loss, and explores the psychosocial approaches used in the recovery process at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital, Medan. The background of this study is based on the importance of understanding traumatic factors as one of the root causes of mental disorders, which are often overlooked in medical treatment. The research aims to describe the types of trauma experienced by patients and to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychosocial interventions provided by the hospital. A qualitative approach was employed, using field observation and in-depth interviews with rehabilitation staff, including psychologists, counselors, and therapists. The findings indicate that the majority of patients have a history of severe trauma, such as sexual violence, the loss of loved ones, and extreme life stress that was not properly addressed. The recovery process at the hospital is carried out holistically through occupational therapy, skills training, spiritual guidance, and psychological support from both professionals and peer counselors. The study concludes that an approach combining scientific methods with patients' real-life experiences can positively impact the recovery process. Therefore, strengthening professional capacity and providing counselor training are essential to enhance the effectiveness of the rehabilitation system.

Background: Incomplete electronic medical record filling by doctors can hinder effective action or treatment by other health workers. This non-compliance problem includes incomplete filling and writing of less specific diagnoses, which can potentially lead to errors in nursing action planning. Purposes: This study aims to test the influence of management commitment and team orientation on compliance in filling electronic medical records with competence as an intervening variable in the inpatient installation of Hermina Hospital, Depok. Methods: This research method is quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. The population is doctors at Hermina Hospital Depok who work in the inpatient installation totaling 133 people. The results of the sample calculation obtained 100 respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire, and the analysis method used SEM-PLS. Result: The results of the study showed that management commitment, team orientation, and doctor competence had a simultaneous effect on compliance in filling electronic medical records at Hermina Hospital, Depok. Management commitment and team orientation had a significant effect on doctor competence, which in turn also had a direct effect on compliance in filling out medical records. In addition, doctor competence mediated the relationship between management commitment and team orientation on compliance. Improving doctor competence is the main key to ensuring compliance. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study confirms that to improve compliance in filling electronic medical records at Hermina Hospital, Depok, attention is needed to management commitment and team orientation. Improving doctor competence is the main key in ensuring compliance, with competence functioning as a mediator between management commitment and team orientation towards compliance.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) at various concentrations on the growth of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). The research was conducted at PTPN I Regional 5, Kendenglembu Plantation, Banyuwangi, for four months using a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments: P0 (control), P1 (10 mL/L), P2 (20 mL/L), P3 (30 mL/L), and P4 (40 mL/L). Growth parameters observed included plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). ANOVA analysis showed no statistically significant effect of the treatments on any parameter. However, descriptive data indicated that concentrations of 20–30 mL/L tended to produce better growth: P2 (31.25 cm) had the highest plant height, P3 (6.93 mm) the highest stem diameter, and P1 (12 leaves) the most leaves. Chitosan potentially acts as a plant growth stimulator by increasing nitrogen availability and enhancing physiological processes such as photosynthesis. In contrast, a high concentration (40 mL/L) exhibited inhibitory effects. Although the differences were not statistically significant, concentrations of 20–30 mL/L could be recommended for practical application. The lack of significant results may be attributed to suboptimal concentrations, application frequency, or environmental conditions. Further studies are recommended to modify treatments and assess additional parameters such as biomass, root development, and leaf area to better understand the efficacy of chitosan fertilizer in cocoa seedling growth.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a condition in which the sensory retina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium due to a retinal tear that allows vitreous fluid to accumulate in the subretinal space. It is an ophthalmologic emergency that may result in permanent blindness if not managed promptly and appropriately. This case report aims to describe the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of a 62-year-old male patient who presented with sudden blurred vision in the right eye, accompanied by floaters, photopsia, and discomfort. The patient had a history of bilateral cataracts and underwent vitrectomy. Data were collected from medical records and supporting examinations, confirming the diagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Management included topical therapy, systemic medication, bed rest, and surgical intervention. Clinical improvement was observed postoperatively. This report highlights the importance of early detection and timely treatment to preserve visual function.  

The adoption of PSAK 116 changes the accounting treatment of leases by recognising right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, replacing operating lease expenses with depreciation and interest. These changes have a direct impact on ability-to-pay financial ratios such as Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) and Net Debt to EBITDA. This study analyses the financial statements of PT Mitra Adiperkasa Tbk (MAPA) for 2019-2024 using a descriptive-comparative and simulation approach in case PSAK 116 is not applied. The results show a technical increase in EBITDA due to PSAK 116, which has an effect on the apparent improvement of DSCR and Net Debt to EBITDA. Simulations using the PSAK 30 approach show more conservative and realistic ratios. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the impact of accounting standards on ratio interpretation and credit decision-making.

The objectives of the research were to describe process of increasing students’ vocabulary using Jumbled Words Media of SMPN 3 Bambel. The research methodology was classroom action research (CAR). The implementation of classroom action research was conducted in cycles 1. There were cycle I consisted of four meetings. This research involved eighth grade students which consisted of 23 students. The instrument of the research was data collecting technique, the data were tests (pre-test and post-tests), and questionnaire. The result of this research showed that there was a significant difference of the students’ achievement in pre-test and post-test. The average score of pre-test was 42.60%, while, after giving treatment in cycle I, the students average score in post-test I was 70%. It proved that mean score of both are very different. It means that Jumbled Word Media improves students’ vocabulary ability. Moreover, based on the analysis of the questionnaire, most of the students gave positive response (90%). Almost all students agreed that Jumbled Word strategy improves their ability in vocabulary and most of them said that Jumbled Word strategy were very helpful.

The research took place at Wastec Internasional Company, a company engaged in environmental waste processing services. The oil from the crude oil waste processing treatment process still has Basic Sediment and Water (BS&W) content and oil content that is too high so that it cannot reach the established standards so that the company must make efforts to reduce waste from the production process. The purpose of the study was to determine the sigma value, the number of defects and factors causing quality failure in crude oil processing treatment at PT Wastec Internasional. The methods used are the DMAIC method, control maps and fishbone diagrams. The calculation results obtained an average BS & W sigma value of 3.4 and an oil content sigma value of 3.29. The average number of defects for BS&W was 9.075% and for oil content was 2113 mg/L. The factors causing treatment quality failure are material, method and environmental factors.

This study aims to isolate and identify microorganisms in the form of bacteria and fungi in tilapia fish waste and to demonstrate the effectiveness of turmeric extract (Curcuma longa Linn.) as an antimicrobial agent. Tilapia fish waste samples were fermented for seven days and then microorganisms were isolated using Nutrient Agar (NA) media for bacteria and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) for fungi. Turmeric extract treatment was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The results showed the presence of several species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal colonies with dominant characteristics of Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. Turmeric extract with a concentration of 20% showed a significant inhibition zone against the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The content of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, and phenolics in turmeric extract is thought to be the main factor in antimicrobial activity.

Coffee production generates large amounts of solid waste, particularly coffee pulp, which can lead to environmental pollution if not properly managed. This study investigates the utilization of coffee pulp waste as a liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and its effect on the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ml/L of LOF) and five replications. Observations were made on seedling height, stem diameter, and number of leaves over a four-month period. The results showed that the application of LOF had a significant effect on plant height and number of leaves. The highest increase in height and leaf count was observed in the 30 ml/L treatment, while the 40 ml/L treatment showed a slight decline, possibly due to nutrient oversaturation. However, stem diameter did not show a statistically significant difference among treatments. Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between plant height and leaf number (r = 0.800), suggesting synchronized vegetative growth. These findings demonstrate the potential of coffee pulp LOF as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers in coffee seedling nurseries. Further research is recommended to evaluate long-term effects and optimal dosages for different growth stages.

The Islamic ethics of war are an important part of Sharia teachings, emphasizing that moral and humanitarian principles must be upheld during times of conflict. Islam does not view war as an ultimate goal, but rather as a last resort for defending justice, fighting oppression, and protecting people from real threats. In this context, the Quran and the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) provide clear guidelines for Muslims to follow when engaging in war. These include prohibitions against killing non-combatants, such as women, children, and the elderly. They also prohibit dangerous public institutions, worship, and neighborhoods. Muslims are also obligated to treat prisoners of war humanely. The Qur'an and Hadith clearly regulate the treatment of prisoners of war, emphasizing the principles of justice, respect for humanity, and the rights of individuals in the midst of warfare. Understanding and applying Islamic war ethics invites Muslims to avoid an aggressive attitude and to use war as a means of defending noble values while maintaining human dignity. This research uses the thematic method to analyze hadiths about war. The results of this research are broadly covered in three areas: the definition of war, the prohibition of cruel actions in war, and war strategies. The results of the research are expected to provide insight as well as a foundation for further discussion.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a medical emergency that is still a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. The success of ACS treatment and prevention of recurrence is highly dependent on self-care. However, many ACS patients have difficulty performing self-care due to low self-efficacy. This study aims to explain the relationship between self-efficacy and self-care in ACS patients. This study used a correlation analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was 62 outpatients at the Heart Clinic, with a sample of 41 people selected using purposive sampling. Self-efficacy was measured using the Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale (CSE scale) and self-care using the Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory (SC-CHDI). The study was conducted in April-May 2025. Data were analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation test. The results showed a p value of 0.004 (p <α), which means there is a relationship between self-efficacy and self-care in ACS patients. The direction of the relationship is positive, meaning that the higher the self-efficacy, the better the self-care, and vice versa with the closeness of the relationship in the weak category (r 0.437). Self-efficacy is positively related to better self-care behavior in ACS patients. Therefore, nurses can integrate self-care improvement care through comprehensive self-efficacy education.

Stage V chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health challenge in Indonesia due to its increasing prevalence and high cost of treatment. Educational efforts and the implementation of digital technology-based self-care, particularly through mobile applications, are considered to have the potential to improve patients' quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of educational and self-care-based mobile applications on the quality of life, knowledge, self-efficacy, and medication adherence of stage V CKD patients undergoing treatment at Dr. Soedjono Class II Hospital. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group approach. From a population of 185 patients, 140 respondents were divided into intervention (n=70) and control (n=70) groups. The intervention included the use of a mobile application equipped with health education features, medication reminders, symptom monitoring, and communication with medical personnel. The results showed that the intervention group experienced significant improvements compared to the control group, including quality of life (+12.6 vs +4.2; p<0.01), knowledge (+16.5 vs +5.7; p<0.001), self-efficacy (+9.3 vs +3.1; p<0.01), and medication adherence (+1.2 vs +0.4; p<0.01). Furthermore, the frequency of application use at least four times per week was positively associated with improved quality of life (r=0.41; p<0.01). These findings demonstrate that mobile applications can be an effective and cost-effective strategy to support the management of stage V CKD patients in Indonesia.

Indonesia's biodiversity holds great potential for drug development, including through the use of traditional medicinal plants such as tapak liman (Elephantopus scaber L.), suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth), and temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.). These plants have been used in traditional medicine and are known to contain bioactive compounds with potential anticancer properties. Tapak liman contains compounds capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Suruhan is known to have cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects, while temu ireng contains compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activity. This study aims to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds in these three plants using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and to explore their therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. The results of GC-MS analysis successfully identified six main compounds that have potential as anticancer agents, namely Phytol, Caryophyllene, Apiol, Germacrone, Germacrene B, and one additional compound. Temu ireng contains Germacrone, Germacrene B, and Caryophyllene, while suruhan contains Caryophyllene, Apiol, and Phytol. Meanwhile, tapak liman shows the presence of bioactive compounds that support cytotoxic activity. The focus of this study is on the interaction of bioactive compounds with the Bcl-2 protein, which plays a role in inhibiting apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, molecular analysis revealed that Germacrone, Germacrene B, Caryophyllene, and Apiol can also bind to the p53 protein, known as a guardian of the genome and a trigger for apoptosis. These findings suggest that the three plants have high potential as natural sources of anticancer agents. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to test the biological efficacy of these compounds in the context of cancer therapy, thereby bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches in the development of natural-based medications.

Emesis gravidarum, characterized by nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy, affects up to 80% of pregnant women. Although typically considered a normal physiological condition, persistent symptoms can significantly impact daily activities, nutritional intake, and quality of life. Concerns over fetal safety with pharmacological treatments have led to the exploration of non-pharmacological interventions, such as aromatherapy. Lemon (Citrus limon) aromatherapy, which contains limonene, is believed to reduce nausea by stimulating the limbic system through olfactory pathways. This observational study, conducted at Manembo-nembo Hospital in Bitung City in 2025, involved 30 first-trimester pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. The severity of emesis gravidarum was assessed using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) questionnaire before and after lemon aromatherapy. Results showed that most participants were aged 20–35 years (73.33%) and in the early first trimester (≤10 weeks). After lemon aromatherapy, the severity of nausea and vomiting decreased, with most participants shifting from moderate or severe to mild symptoms. Statistical analysis revealed a moderate negative correlation between lemon aromatherapy and the severity of emesis gravidarum (r = −0.586; p = 0.001). In conclusion, lemon aromatherapy was significantly associated with a reduction in nausea and vomiting severity in early pregnancy. This intervention offers a safe, simple, and complementary option in antenatal care to enhance maternal comfort during the first trimester.

Patient compliance with hypertension treatment is an important factor, as hypertension is a disease that cannot be cured but must always be controlled to prevent complications that could lead to death. The aim of this health promotion is to increase public understanding of the signs, prevention, and control of hypertension. The activity methodology uses a one-group pre-post design by measuring knowledge before and after the counseling session. The instrument used was a knowledge questionnaire related to the signs, prevention, and control of hypertension. The results achieved after conducting the counseling titled "Recognize, Prevent, and Control Hypertension" in the community showed an increase in knowledge from 63% to 83%.

This research aims to develop liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from goat livestock waste and paitan (Tithonia diversifolia) conducted in Makale, Tana Toraja Regency, from March to June 2025. This study aims to determine the response of cucumber plants to the application of LOF derived from the combination of goat livestock waste and paitan plants. Goat livestock waste contains macro nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), while paitan plants are green organic materials rich in nutrients and easily decomposed. The combination of both is expected to naturally improve soil fertility and optimally support the growth and yield of cucumber plants. The research method uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four different LOF concentration treatments and five replications. Parameters observed include plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of fruits, and fruit weight per plant. The LOF production process is carried out through fermentation for 21 days with a ratio of goat livestock waste and paitan of 3:1, and the addition of EM4 as a microorganism activator. This research also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LOF application on growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves) and yield (number and weight of fruits) of cucumber plants, and compare it with treatments without LOF or with inorganic fertilizers. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for local farmers in developing organic fertilizers based on local resources that are environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable to increase agricultural productivity in the Tana Toraja region.

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stone disease, can be experimentally induced in animal models using ethylene glycol (EG) in combination with ammonium chloride, which closely mimics calcium oxalate stone formation in humans. This condition is associated with significant renal tissue injury, including glomerular atrophy, tubular necrosis, and hyaline droplet accumulation, ultimately impairing kidney function. The present study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the kidneys of EG-induced rats and evaluate the nephroprotective potential of combined avocado (Persea americana) and gooseberry (Physalis angulata) leaf extracts. A total of 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: a standard control (no induction), a negative control (EG-induced without treatment), a positive control (EG-induced and treated with a commercial nephroprotective agent), and two treatment groups receiving the combined extracts at different doses. Nephrolithiasis induction was performed over 28 days, followed by oral administration of the respective treatments. At the end of the experiment, kidney tissues were collected and processed for histological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining to assess the extent of tissue damage. The negative control group exhibited the most severe histopathological alterations, with hyaline droplet formation reaching 15.0 ± 5.25%. In contrast, extract-treated groups demonstrated a marked reduction in tissue damage, with the most significant improvement observed in the group receiving 300 mg/kg avocado extract and 100 mg/kg gooseberry extract, which recorded hyaline droplet formation of only 5.27 ± 2.74%, a result comparable to that of the standard control group. These findings suggest that the combination of P. americana and P. angulata leaf extracts confers protective effects against EG-induced renal injury. Therefore, this herbal combination may represent a promising natural nephroprotective agent that warrants further investigation in preclinical and clinical settings.