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Probiotics from West Sumatra curd have the potential to improve the production performance of local West Sumatra ducks, where Probiotics are live bacteria given as food sulpementation. Giving probiotics can have a beneficial effect on health where probiotics produce inhibitor compounds so that they can maximize the absorption of food in the intestines of livestock. The purpose of this study was to observe the production performance of ducks given probiotics. The design used was a randomized complete factorial method. The first factor (A) Dosage of probiotics (LAB) is with treatment A1: 1 ml (12.7 x 108 CFU/g); A2: 2 ml (25.4 x 108 CFU/g); A3: 3 ml (38.1 x 108 CFU/g). The second factor (B) is the frequency of probiotic administration, namely B1: 0 times; B2: 1 time; B3: 2 times; B4: 3 times; B5: 4 times; B6: 5 times; B7: 6 times, consisting of 4 replicates with a total of 346 ducks. The observed variables were food consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, carcass percentage. The results of this study were the average food consumption at a dose of 3 ml with 5 times administration (995.79g). The highest average body weight gain (369.74 grams) dose of 1 ml and 5 times administration. The highest carcass percentage with a dose of 3 ml and a frequency of 5 times (72.63%).

Varicella is a contagious skin infection caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Varicella, scabies, and pityriasis versicolor are diseases with the same risk factors, namely in adolescents with high physical activity and living in crowded places such as dormitories. Case: A 13-year-old male adolescent complained of fluid-filled bumps on the body and face accompanied by itching that had been felt since yesterday. Low fever that fluctuates accompanied by dizziness, nausea since 2 days ago. Due to the itching, the patient scratched the area of ​​the bumps so that the bumps burst. The patient is currently undergoing scabies treatment. The patient also complained of white spots all over the body that had appeared since 2 months ago and worsened when the patient sweated. The patient is a student living in an Islamic boarding school. The patient said he often changed clothes, sarongs, and caps with his dorm mates. The patient also has high physical activity such as playing ball and does not immediately change clothes if he sweats. The diagnosis of varicella, scabies, and pityriasis versicolor is based on anamnesis and physical examination. Treatment options in this case are administration of drugs in the form of Acyclovir 400mg 4 x 2, Paracetamol 500mg 3 x 1, Permethrin 5% applied to the entire body 1x for 8 hours, Fucilex cream 2 dd ue, and Ketoconazole 2% shampoo. Conclusion: in this case, a 13-year-old patient with varicella, scabies, and pityriasis versicolor with risk factors of adolescence with high physical activity and living in crowded places such as dormitories was found.

Melanoma is a type of malignant skin cancer commonly found among fishing communities due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Initial observations in the coastal area of Galesong, Takalar, South Sulawesi, revealed that many fishermen exhibit symptoms of skin cancer yet have low levels of knowledge and awareness regarding prevention and treatment. This community service activity aimed to provide psychosocial education to improve the quality of life for patients and their families. The methods included health education sessions, group counseling, and the distribution of culturally relevant educational materials. The results showed increased participant understanding of melanoma skin cancer, strengthened family psychosocial support, and greater motivation to seek routine health check-ups. This program is expected to serve as a community-based promotive and preventive intervention model for addressing skin cancer in high-risk groups.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern in Indonesia. Active family involvement in both prevention and treatment is crucial; however, many families have yet to fulfill their health-related responsibilities effectively. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education through the IKAT TB (Tuberculosis Health Information) application on family health responsibilities in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary TB. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was used. The sample consisted of 46 respondents selected through total sampling. The intervention involved providing education via the IKAT TB application, and data were collected using a family health responsibility questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed an increase in family health responsibility scores following the educational intervention. The Wilcoxon test produced a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores. The findings suggest that health education delivered through the IKAT TB application is effective in enhancing family engagement in TB prevention and treatment. Digital media platforms such as mobile applications offer accessible information and can strengthen family involvement in TB care.

The objective of this study was to assess the sensory acceptability of Italian Meringue Butter Cream in terms of texture, aroma, color, and taste, using varying proportions of sweeteners. The research was carried out in the Culinary Arts Laboratory of the Ibu Kartini Academy of Social Welfare. An experimental approach was employed, utilizing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study involved three treatments with different ratios of granulated sugar to stevia: F1 (220 g : 20 g), F2 (150 g : 25 g), and F3 (80 g : 30 g). A total of 35 untrained panelists participated in the hedonic sensory evaluation. The resulting data were analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The findings revealed that the variation in sweetener proportions significantly influenced the panelists’ preferences regarding aroma, texture, color, and taste. Among all formulations, the F1 treatment received the highest level of overall acceptance.

Odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) is widely recognized as a high-yielding and nutrient-rich forage crop, making it suitable for feeding ruminant animals. This study investigates how varying levels of weed density affect the growth performance and fresh forage yield of odot grass. The experimental design employed was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four weed density treatments (0%, 35%, 70%, and 100%) and six replications for each treatment. Growth indicators measured included plant height, number of tillers, stem thickness, and total fresh biomass production. The results showed that weed density significantly influenced all measured parameters (p < 0.05). The absence of weeds yielded the highest forage production (19.32 tons per hectare), whereas full weed coverage (100%) led to a substantial reduction in yield by 15.53%. A strong inverse correlation was observed between weed density and forage yield, with a correlation coefficient of r = –0.97. These findings suggest that higher weed densities substantially hinder both the vegetative growth and biomass output of odot grass. Nevertheless, a moderate weed presence (35%) did not cause a statistically significant decrease in productivity, indicating a potential threshold for acceptable weed competition.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Reciprocal Teaching learning model on the reading comprehension ability of news texts among seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Hiliduho. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The pretest results showed that the initial abilities of students in the experimental and control classes were comparable, with average scores of 64.57 and 65.87, respectively. After the treatment, the experimental class showed a significant increase, achieving a posttest average of 81.52, while the control class only reached 74.35. The Reciprocal Teaching model proved effective in creating a collaborative learning environment, encouraging students to think critically, engage in discussions, and teach one another. In contrast, the control class, which used the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model, demonstrated lower participation and higher dependence on the teacher. The hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, indicating that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. These results indicate a significant effect of the Reciprocal Teaching model on students’ ability to comprehend news texts. Therefore, this model is recommended as an effective teaching strategy to enhance students’ reading comprehension, particularly in news text material at the junior high school level.

Reading comprehension is a crucial skill in learning English, particularly at the Islamic high school level. Students at this stage are often exposed to lengthy texts, yet they still encounter difficulties in fully understanding the content. This challenge may stem from limited use of interactive learning media and the predominant reliance on traditional media, such as monotonous paper-based worksheets that are less engaging. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of paper worksheets versus Liveworksheet in enhancing reading comprehension among Islamic senior high school students. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with two classes: an experimental group and a control group. Data collection involved pre-tests and post-tests using Islamic-themed reading materials. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25 for Windows, employing paired sample t-tests and effect size calculations to assess the impact of the treatments. Results indicated that the mean post-test score for the experimental group (92.47) exceeded that of the control group (73.63), with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). This suggests that Liveworksheet is more effective than traditional paper worksheets in improving reading comprehension. The effect size, measured using Eta Squared (η² = 0.869), showed a substantial medium effect of using Liveworksheet on students' reading skills. These findings demonstrate that Liveworksheet can effectively enhance reading comprehension and serve as a valuable alternative media for reading instruction.

The low learning outcomes of students in Economics subjects are often influenced by the use of traditional teaching methods that are less engaging and lack interaction. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of utilizing game-based learning media in improving students' academic performance. The game used in this study is the Wordwall game with the Airplane type. A quantitative approach was employed, using a quasi-experimental design with the nonequivalent control group model. The research subjects consisted of two tenth-grade classes at SMA Labschool Unesa 1, with the experimental class receiving treatment using the Airplane game media, while the control class was taught using conventional teaching methods. Data collection was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests. The data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent t-tests, and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the implementation of the Airplane game-based learning media significantly improved students' learning outcomes, as indicated by higher average post-test scores and N-Gain values in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings suggest that game-based media can serve as an innovative alternative in the learning process, as it is capable of enhancing student motivation, active participation, and understanding of economic concepts.

Feed is the most important factor in broiler farming to achieve optimal productivity, because feed costs reach 60-70% of the total production costs, therefore the quantity and quality of feed need to be considered. Efforts that can be made to increase feed efficiency and reduce production costs in broiler farming businesses are by adding feed additives. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding shallot peel flour as a feed additive on antibacterial activity and characteristics of broiler intestines. The method used in this study is a laboratory analysis method and a field experimental method designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that the treatment of adding red shallot peel flour as a feed additive gave a very significant difference (P <0.01) on the pH, viscosity, length of villi and surface area of the villi of the small intestine of broiler, but gave no significant difference (P>0.05) on the number of villi and depth of the crypts of the small intestine of broiler. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of red shallot peel flour with a level of 1% as an additive in feed gives the best results in improving the characteristics of the small intestine of broiler.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) into a complete feed based on odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, including gas production, dry matter degradation (DMD), organic matter degradation (OMD), ammonia (NH₃) concentration, and microbial protein synthesis. A laboratory experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five dietary treatments (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% cassava leaf inclusion) with four replications each. The feed samples were incubated for 48 hours using rumen fluid collected from slaughtered Limousin cattle, selected purposively from the Ruminant Abattoir in Malang City based on consistent diet and health status to minimize variability. Feed ingredients were sun-dried, ground, and mixed into complete feed formulations using standardized proportions. In vitro gas production was measured using a gas-tight syringe technique, while DMD and OMD were calculated by weighing residues after fermentation. NH₃ concentrations were analyzed using the Conway microdiffusion method, and microbial protein synthesis was estimated based on the weight of microbial biomass derived from fermentation residues. All variables were statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that a 20% substitution of cassava leaves significantly (P<0.01) improved the gas production rate, DMD, OMD, NH₃ concentration, and microbial protein synthesis, while decreasing gas production potential. These findings demonstrate the potential of cassava leaves as a sustainable protein-rich ingredient in ruminant complete feed formulations.

The objective of this study was to analyze the additional effect of eco-enzymes mixed in drinking water on the haught unit value, egg yolk index, and hatch weight of IPB-D1 chickens. A total of 96 chickens were used, comprising 72 females and 24 males. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replicates. The treatments administered were: P1 = drinking water without eco-enzymes (control), P2 = 1 cc eco-enzymes/L drinking water/3 days, P3 = 2 cc eco-enzymes/L drinking water/3 days, P4 = 3 cc eco-enzymes/L drinking water/3 days. A total of 72 eggs were used to observe egg interior quality, with 3 eggs used per treatment per replicate. A total of 216 eggs were used for hatch weight (9 eggs per treatment and per replicate). The variables measured were egg yolk index, HU value, and hatch weight. Statistical analysis results demonstrated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in hatched weight, HU value, and egg yolk index. Conclusion: Adding eco-enzymes to drinking water at a dose level of 2 mL/L of drinking water every 3 days can increase the egg yolk index, HU value, and hatch weight of IPB-D1 chickens. Further research is needed on eco-enzymes in chickens and different levels of eco-enzyme dosage.

This study aims to analyze the effect of environmental temperature on feed intake and performance in broiler chickens. The study was conducted using 200 Cobb 500 broiler chickens divided into four temperature treatment groups: P1 (gradual temperature decrease from 32-34°C to 20-24°C), P2 (stable temperature at 28-30°C), P3 (natural temperature fluctuations), and P0 (control). The parameters measured included feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens. The results showed that temperature significantly affected (p<0.05) feed intake, weight gain, and FCR. The conclusion of this study is the importance of stable broiler house temperature management to optimize broiler chicken productivity. This study recommends the application of climate control technology and feed formula adjustments as thermal stress mitigation strategies, particularly in tropical regions with high daily temperature variations.

Flying fish (Hirundichthys oxycephlus) roe filaments, which are often considered as by-products, have high protein content and various essential nutrients, thus potentially increasing the nutritional value of food products. With innovation and in-depth research, this waste can be transformed into products with economic value while supporting the implementation of sustainability principles in the fisheries industry, in this case sauce as a flavoring that has become an important part of the food industry. This study aims to determine the quality of the texture and taste of chili sauce fortified with fly fish (Hirundichthys oxycephlus) roe filament extract and to determine the protein content and water content of chili sauce enriched with fly fish (Hirundichthys oxycephlus) roe filament extract. The methodology used in this study was Complete Random Design (CRD) with variations in filament powder concentration (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) on the sensory characteristics of chili sauce, which include aroma, color, taste, and texture. The results of organoleptic tests showed that the addition of fly fish (Hirundichthys oxycephlus) egg filament extract had a significant positive impact on all sensory parameters tested. The average aroma score increased from 2.88 in the non-enriched treatment to 3.90 at the highest filament powder concentration (1.5%). In addition, the taste score also showed the most striking increase, from 2.80 to 4.33. Analysis of the water content of the chili sauce product was recorded at 79.93% according to (SNI 01-2976-2006), while the protein content reached 10.53%, indicating the potential of this product as an additional source of protein in daily consumption patterns.

Colorectal cancer (Ca Colon) is a malignancy originating from abnormal neoplastic masses in the epithelial tissue of the colon and rectum. It primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the proximal colon and the distal rectum. The incidence of colorectal cancer has significantly increased since the 1900s due to economic and industrial advancements, making it the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women in the United States. In Indonesia, colorectal cancer ranks second and third among cancer cases in men and women, respectively. This malignancy often manifests in the rectosigmoid region of the colon. Epidemiological data highlight geographical variations in colorectal cancer incidence, with higher rates observed in developed countries compared to developing nations. The etiology of colorectal cancer involves genetic and environmental factors, including dietary habits, lifestyle, and age. The pathophysiology involves genetic mutations leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, histological examination, and imaging techniques. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depending on the stage and location of the tumor. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving prognosis and reducing mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer.

This study investigates about the effect of using different types of honey (coffee honey, randu honey and multiflora honey) on the quality of cow's milk jelly candy. Specifically, the resrarch examines the reducing sugar (%), water activity (Aw) and organoleptic (aroma, taste and color). The research method used a laboratory experiment with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments included P0 = using sugar 25%, P1 = using coffee honey 25%, P2 = using randu honey 25% and P3 = using multiflora honey 25%. Data analysis was carried out by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If different results were obtained between treatments. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was continued. The results of the study showed that the use of different types of honey (coffee honey, randu honey and multiflora honey) gave a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the organoleptic taste and color, and reducing sugar (%) but did not give any effect on the organoleptic aroma and water activity (Aw).Rreducing sugar is 17.44-3.49%; water activity (Aw) is 0.87-0.84; organoleptic aroma 3.42-3.83, taste 4.25-3.6, color 4.50-3.33.

Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO), also known as secondary cataract, is the most common complication following cataract surgery, particularly extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). PCO results from the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of residual lens epithelial cells within the posterior capsule, leading to the formation of structures such as Elsching pearls and Soemmering rings. The incidence of PCO is notably high among pediatric patients due to the increased mitotic activity of lens epithelial cells. Major risk factors include younger age, certain ocular conditions such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, as well as the design and material of the implanted intraocular lens (IOL). Diagnosis is established through slit-lamp and ophthalmoscopic examinations, with decreased visual acuity being the primary clinical symptom. The current mainstay of treatment is Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, which is effective and minimally invasive but may be associated with complications such as cystoid macular edema and retinal detachment. Preventive strategies focus on improved surgical techniques and appropriate IOL selection. With proper intervention, the incidence of PCO can be reduced, thereby improving postoperative visual outcomes.

Rabbit skin is one by-product that can be utilized for its aesthetic value through a tanning process so that the skin is resistant to destructive bacteria, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Furtigh is the strengthening of fur in the tanning process, in this research the furtigh process uses formalin so that rabbit fur is stronger and lasts longer. The purpose of this research was to determine the appropriate concentration of formalin and storage length used in rabbit fur tanning in the terms of pliability, tensile strength, fur loss and water absorption. The method used in this research is a laboratory experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a nested design consisting of 4 treatment and repeated 4 times each. This treatment used formalin of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Variables tested included pliability, tensile strength, fur loss and water absorption. Processing data using analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA) and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that different usage of formalin exerted significant influence (P<0,05) on the tear elasticity of tanned rabbit furs with a result of F1: 29,76%; F2: 32,85%; F3: 41,70%; F4: 41,88%. Different concentration usage of formalin have significant influence of tanned rabbit fur (P<0.05) on rabbit skin tensile strength fur tanning with a results of F1: 36.63 N/mm2; F2: 39.69 N/mm2; F3: 43.81 N/mm2; F4: 48.36 N/mm2. Fur loss test showed that the use of different formalin exerted highly significant influence (P<0.01) of tanned rabbit fur loss with a result of F1: 4.15; F2: 3.78; F3: 3.49; F4: 3.40. Water absorption test that the use of different formalin concentration have highly significant influence of tanned rabbit fur (P<0.01) with water absorption with a result of F1: 192.12%; F2: 217.95%; F3: 237.85%; F4: 238.27% on 2 hours of water absorption. Storage length did not have significant influence of tanned rabbit fur (P<0.05) on rabbit skin elasticity, tensile strength, fur loss and water absorption.

Drugs are an abbreviation of narcotics, psychotropics, and hazardous materials. Narcotics are addictive substances or materials that work on the nervous system, can cause loss of consciousness and pain, and can cause dependence. Psychotropics are substances or active materials that work on the central nervous system, can cause changes in mental activity and behavior, and can cause dependence. To deal with this problem, one of them is through the Sakinah Harakah Bhakti Center Foundation (Sahabat Foundation) South Tangerang, Banten which provides treatment to develop psychological strength called resilience through spiritual guidance. Through spiritual guidance, it is hoped that it will be able to form the resilience of drug abuse students so that they are able to bounce back from various pressures and face the next life with a better perspective. The purpose of this study was to determine how spiritual guidance activities in forming the resilience of drug abuse students at the Sakinah Harakah Bhakti Foundation (Sahabat Foundation). The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive type. The subjects in this study consisted of 1 Foundation administrator, 1 spiritual guide, and 3 beneficiaries (PM) of drug abuse. Through interviews and observations, it is known that spiritual guidance activities at the Sakinah Harakah Bhakti Foundation (Sahabat Foundation) are muhasabah, sirah nabawiyah, theory and practice of worship, and thematic interpretation.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of vlog towards students' speaking skills. the method used quasi-experimental. This study was conducted at the tenth grade of SMAN 2 Situbondo. The population was consisted of at least 360 students while the samples were 60 students divided into two classes. 30 students for the experimental class and 30 students for the control class. The sample was selected by purposive sampling. The experimental class was taught using vlog and control class without using vlog. Initially, before treatment, the experimental class's average score of 57.6 and the controlled class's score of 58.66. on the other hand, after following treatments that the experimental class received instruction via video blog had average was 67.73, and their gained score was 10.13., outperformed the control class that did not receive video blog instruction with students' average score being 64.26 and their gained score being 5.6. Besides, the paired t-test indicates that the experimental class scored average was 67.73 higher than the controlled class was 64.27. with a Sig. (2-tailed) (p) of 0.001 and a Sig. Alpha (α) of 0.05. In short, p < (α). It indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Overall, the results indicate that the use of video blogs has a moderate impact on the students’ speaking skill at the tenth grade of SMAN 2 Situbondo.