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High feed costs remain a major constraint in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture, requiring alternative feed formulations based on local ingredients with adequate nutritional quality. This study aimed to evaluate the proximate composition of fish feed formulated from snail meal, Azolla meal, and turmeric as a phytobiotic supplement. The study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design consisting of three treatments and three replications. The feed formulations were P1, consisting of 55% snail meal, 25% Azolla meal, 5% turmeric, 10% corn flour, and 5% tapioca flour; P2, consisting of 39% snail meal, 39% Azolla meal, 7% turmeric, 10% corn flour, and 5% tapioca flour; and P3, consisting of 25% snail meal, 51% Azolla meal, 9% turmeric, 10% corn flour, and 5% tapioca flour. The analyzed parameters included protein, moisture, fat, ash, crude fiber, and carbohydrate contents. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that feed formulation significantly affected all proximate parameters. P3 produced the highest protein content of 43.87%, fat content of 3.68%, crude fiber of 3.11%, and carbohydrate content of 7.28%, while also producing the lowest ash content of 28.46%. Moisture content ranged from 1.11% to 1.30%, indicating good feed storage stability. These findings demonstrate that the integration of snail meal, Azolla, and turmeric can improve the nutritional quality of alternative Nile tilapia feed and support locally based sustainable aquaculture feed development.

This study aims to analyze the reconceptualization of national security in the digital era through the case of the 2021 Facebook data breach involving 533 million users across 106 countries. As digital technologies become increasingly integrated into governance, economic activities, and social interactions, cyber threats have emerged as a significant challenge to contemporary security frameworks. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using library research methods, drawing upon academic literature, official reports, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that national security has evolved from a traditional military-centered concept toward a broader and multidimensional framework that includes cyber threats as a form of non-traditional security challenge. The Facebook data breach demonstrates how cyber threats transcend geographical boundaries, involve complex attribution problems, and generate multidimensional impacts on individuals, societies, economies, and states. Through the lens of Securitization Theory developed by Buzan, Wæver, and de Wilde (1998), the incident illustrates how data security has become securitized as a matter of national and international concern. Furthermore, the Human Security framework proposed by UNDP (1994) highlights the vulnerability of individuals whose personal information becomes exposed in the digital environment. This study concludes that cybersecurity should be recognized as a fundamental pillar of national security in the digital age, requiring comprehensive strategies that integrate technological resilience, data protection regulations, human resource development, and international cooperation.

This study aims to examine the implementation of Continuous Improvement (CI) within the Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) framework at the village government level, focusing on governance, community engagement, and livelihood sustainability. The study employed a qualitative approach with an interpretive case study strategy, through document review and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that CI practices at the village level are contextual and adaptive, and most closely align with the incremental (Kaizen) approach that emphasizes incremental improvement, community participation, and continuous learning. The PDCA cycle serves as a reflective mechanism that allows village governments and communities to adjust policies and programs based on empirical evaluation and social feedback. Theoretically, these findings extend the study of CI in the local public sector by emphasizing its relevance to village governance. Practically, this study demonstrates that strengthening documentation, data-driven evaluation, and human resource capacity are key to CI sustainability at the village level.

This study discusses the moral conflict and guilt experienced by the Grandfather character in the short story “Robohnya Surau Kami” by A.A. Navis through Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective. The study aims to describe the forms of moral conflict, guilt, and the dynamics of id, ego, and superego that influence the psychological condition of the character. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a literary psychology approach. The data source was the short story “Robohnya Surau Kami”, while the data consisted of narrative quotations, dialogues, and expressions indicating psychological conflict experienced by the character. Data collection techniques were conducted through reading and note-taking methods, followed by data analysis using Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The findings reveal that the Grandfather character experiences deep moral conflict after realizing that the worship he devoted throughout his life is considered meaningless because it ignores social responsibility. The dominance of the superego causes excessive guilt, anxiety, self-punishment, and psychological pressure that eventually lead to self-destructive behavior. The imbalance between id, ego, and superego also strengthens the character’s inner conflict. This study implies that literary works can represent complex human psychological conditions and demonstrates the relevance of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory in analyzing Indonesian literary works, particularly in understanding moral conflict and guilt experienced by literary characters.

This study aims to analyze the Cambodian government's efforts to address human trafficking from a human security perspective. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing secondary data from relevant journals, reports, and academic publications. The findings indicate that human trafficking in Cambodia has evolved into a hub for digital-based fraud linked to transnational cybercrime networks. Victims face not only labor exploitation but are also coerced into participating in online fraudulent activities, such as romance scams. This surge in human trafficking is driven by weak law enforcement, high levels of corruption, low public digital literacy, and the rapid expansion of the online gambling industry and special economic zones, which serve as operational bases for criminal activities. The Cambodian government has implemented various measures regarding prevention, protection, and law enforcement through regulations, international cooperation, victim rescue operations, and anti-fraud campaigns. However, the effectiveness of these policies remains limited due to the state's constrained capacity and the ability of criminal networks to continuously adapt to advancements in digital technology. The study concludes that addressing human trafficking in Cambodia requires strengthened governance, more intensive international cooperation, and improved public digital literacy.

This study aims to analyze the representation of healthy lifestyle ideology in government digital campaigns through the Instagram content of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia (@kemenpora). The rapid development of social media as a medium for public communication has encouraged government institutions to utilize digital platforms to deliver policy messages in a more persuasive, visual, and interactive manner. In this context, social media content functions not only as a source of information, but also as a space  for the production of meaning and ideology that shapes public understanding of health and lifestyle. This research employs a qualitative approach using Kress and van Leeuwen’s multimodal semiotic analysis, which includes three metafunctions of meaning: representational, interactive, and compositional. The analysis is further enriched by Roland Barthes’ semiotic framework at the levels of denotation, connotation, and myth to uncover the deeper ideological meanings embedded within the campaign visuals. The findings reveal that @kemenpora’s visual content constructs a dichotomy between unhealthy food consumption and physical activity as opposing lifestyle choices. At the mythological level, the campaign reproduces the ideology of healthism, which positions health as solely an individual responsibility while obscuring the social and structural dimensions influencing public health conditions. This study concludes that government digital campaigns function not only as instruments of public education, but also as strategic communication tools that construct healthy lifestyle ideology within the digital sphere.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of adolescent love conflict in the film One Fine Day (2018), directed by Asep Kusdinar, through the lens of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. The main focus of the study is the interaction of the three personality structures: the Id, Ego, and Superego, which shape the main characters' decision-making and behavior when facing romantic dilemmas. Using qualitative research methods with A content analysis approach, this study highlights how the characters Mahesa and Alana experience tension between impulsive drives (Id), demands of reality (Ego), and internalized moral norms (Superego). The results of this analysis indicate that the adolescent love conflict in this film is not merely a matter of superficial emotions, but rather a reflection of psychological struggles in the process of searching for identity. The film effectively visualizes how its characters negotiate desires, social rules, and moral principles, ultimately leading to character growth and emotional maturity. This study confirms the relevance of Freud's theory in understanding the psychological complexity of young people, especially as represented through cinema. 

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global, national, and regional health problems. DM often requires complex medications and lifestyle management that can impact patients’ daily life, including spiritual practices such as fasting during Ramadhan. For Muslims with DM, fasting during Ramadhan can be challenging due to the need to modify the treatment regimens and risk of hypoglycemia.  This study aimed to analyze the effects of education intervention regarding Ramadhan fasting on knowledge improvement and blood glucose of patient with DM type 2. This study used a case study design involving three patients with DM type 2. All three respondents received education from the researchers. The patients’ knowledge and fasting blood glucose were measured before and after the intervention. The results of this study showed an improvement in knowledge in DM patients after the intervention, while fasting blood sugar results remained unchanged. Based on the results of the study, diabetes mellitus (DM) management education during fasting has been potentially effective in improving respondents' knowledge and prevent hypoglycemia during Ramadhan fasting. In conclusion, education alone is benefit in increasing patient’s knowledge and may prevent hypoglycemia during Ramadhan fasting.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in art education as an effort to enhance the creativity and artistic understanding of Animation Department students at SMK Negeri 2 Palu. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving animation students and supervising teachers as research subjects. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and reflective analysis during the teaching assistance program. The learning implementation was carried out through the introduction of traditional, modern, and contemporary art concepts integrated with practice-based creative project activities. The findings indicate that the application of PjBL significantly increased students’ active engagement in the learning process, strengthened their conceptual understanding of visual arts, and improved their ability to express creative ideas through visual works. Furthermore, the establishment of the “Kreasi Animasi Seni Budaya” community provided a collaborative space that supported the sustainable development of students’ creativity and artistic reflection. These findings demonstrate that project-based art learning is effective in optimizing the artistic competencies.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global, national, and regional health problems. DM often requires complex medications and lifestyle management that can impact patients’ daily life, including spiritual practices such as fasting during Ramadhan. For Muslims with DM, fasting during Ramadhan can be challenging due to the need to modify the treatment regimens and risk of hypoglycemia.  This study aimed to analyze the effects of education intervention regarding Ramadhan fasting on knowledge improvement and blood glucose of patient with DM type 2. This study used a case study design involving three patients with DM type 2. All three respondents received education from the researchers. The patients’ knowledge and fasting blood glucose were measured before and after the intervention. The results of this study showed an improvement in knowledge in DM patients after the intervention, while fasting blood sugar results remained unchanged. Based on the results of the study, diabetes mellitus (DM) management education during fasting has been potentially effective in improving respondents' knowledge and prevent hypoglycemia during Ramadhan fasting. In conclusion, education alone is benefit in increasing patient’s knowledge and may prevent hypoglycemia during Ramadhan fasting.

This article examines how business entities construct eco-friendly narratives as strategic persuasive instruments in sustainable product advertising, operating through discursive and ideological mechanisms deliberately managed by corporations. Drawing on Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, which dissects discourse across three analytical dimensions such as text, discursive practice, and social practice, as a lens to expose corporate ideology concealed beneath sustainability claims, this study analyses four eco-friendly product advertisements from international and domestic brands published between 2020 and 2026. Findings reveal that eco-friendly advertising narratives are constructed through three dominant discursive strategies: 1. Naturalization of consumer identity as a morally responsible environmental subject. 2. Reframing of consumption as a form of activism. 3. Linguistic greenwashing that conceals the contradictions of green capitalism behind vague sustainability lexicons. The study argues that business entities actively manage eco-friendly narratives not merely as informative messages, but as ideological apparatuses that strategically discipline consumer subjectivity, reproduce corporate hegemony, and legitimize green capitalism practices within ecological discourse. Implications for environmental communication studies, advertising regulation, and consumer critical literacy are discussed in the concluding section.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed digital marketing communication, while emerging as a strategic instrument in public relations practices of global corporations. This study aims to examine the construction of meaning around artificial intelligence as a financial solution within the cultural context of Lebaran, while analyzing the PR communication strategy employed by Google Indonesia in building persuasive messages for its public on digital platforms. The research object is a video advertisement posted on the official Instagram account @googleindonesia on March 7, 2025, promoting the Gemini Canvas feature for managing Tunjangan Hari Raya (THR) budgets. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with an interpretive paradigm, integrating two complementary analytical perspectives: first, Roland Barthes three-level semiotic analysis — denotation, connotation, and myth — to deconstruct meaning constructed through visual, verbal, and auditory signs in the advertisement; second, the PR communication strategy framework from Smith (2021) to identify how the choices of mascot, emotional message, and cultural appeal represent strategically planned communication decisions by Google Indonesia. The findings reveal that Google Indonesia constructs Gemini Canvas as an empathetic and culturally aware entity through three key elements: anthropomorphic symbolism in the form of a bespectacled cat functioning as brand mascot, local cultural markers of ketupat and THR, and Arabic-nuanced music that aurally reinforces the Lebaran atmosphere — all representing deliberate strategic PR decisions. From Smith’s (2021) perspective, the advertisement applies a proactive communication strategy combining negative emotional appeal — financial anxiety ahead of THR — immediately followed by positive emotional appeal as a concrete solution through Gemini Canvas, representing a structured form of public perception shaping. At the myth level, the advertisement normalizes reliance on digital platforms through systematic cultural localization. This study contributes to understanding AI-based digital marketing communication strategies and the shaping of public perception on AI technology by global corporations in the Indonesian market.  

This research aims to discuss online marketing strategies and service quality as well as their impact on post-pandemic cosmetic sales at the Abigail Shop, Sintang Regency. This study applies a qualitative-descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation and analysis of various documents. Subjects consist of business owners, employees and customers. The validity of the data was tested through Technical Triangulation. Research findings show that Abigail Store's use of Instagram as a digital marketing tool is effective in increasing market reach and attracting customer interest with various creative content, including photos, videos, promotions and testimonials from customers. Apart from that, the direct message and WhatsApp features function to facilitate communication and transactions between sellers and buyers. This research also confirms that high service quality is directly related to customer satisfaction which then results in the frequency of repeat purchases. The increase in sales of Toko Abigail's cosmetic products after the pandemic can be attributed to an effective combination of digital marketing strategies and consistent, high-quality service standards. This study aims to be a reference for business owners in optimizing marketing methods through digital media, while maintaining service quality amidst the rapid development of information technology.

Quantitative analysis based on multiple linear regression was applied in this study to test the hypothesis regarding the influence of Employee Competence and Organizational Culture variables on the Quality of Public Services in the Regional Secretariat of Gorontalo City. Through the involvement of sample data from 47 respondents, a partial analysis portrait shows that the Employee Competence dimension contributes positively and significantly to escalating service quality with a share of 31.40%. On the other hand, the Organizational Culture component also recorded a significant positive impact with an influence of 47.30%. In aggregate (simultaneous), the combination of apparatus competence and strengthening institutional culture triggers a significant acceleration of public service quality with a determination value of 78.70%. The proportion of the remaining variance in the goodness of fit of the model is influenced by variables outside the scope of this research. Based on this basis, efforts to increase employee expertise capacity and improve organizational values ​​​​are crucial instruments for optimizing public service standardization.

This study aims to determine the implementation of quality standard-based health laboratory management at UPTD LABKESDA Kota Serang. The focus of the study includes planning, implementation, supervision, and evaluation of quality standards in health laboratory services. This research employed a qualitative method with an observational study approach. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation involving parties engaged in laboratory management. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that health laboratory management at UPTD LABKESDA Kota Serang has implemented quality standards in various aspects of service, including administrative management, quality control of examinations, management of facilities and infrastructure, and improvement of laboratory personnel competencies. However, several obstacles were still identified, such as limited human resources, supporting facilities that are not yet optimal, and the need for periodic supervision and evaluation improvements. The implementation of quality standard-based management is considered capable of improving the effectiveness of laboratory services and maintaining public trust in health examination results. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of quality standard-based health laboratory management at UPTD LABKESDA Kota Serang has been carried out fairly w, although further improvements and developments are still needed to optimize the quality of laboratory services.

This study aims to examine flood disaster mitigation efforts carried out by the Regional Disaster Management Agency in Sukamakmur Village, Karawang Regency. This research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. The theory used in this study is the Strategy Theory proposed by James Brian Quinn (2003:10), which consists of three dimensions: objectives, policies, and programs. The study identifies problems related to flood disasters that occur almost every year in Sukamakmur Village. To address these issues, it is necessary to analyze the mitigation efforts implemented by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), as well as the related policies and programs concerning flood disasters. The findings show that the objective of disaster mitigation is directed toward improving community preparedness and capacity in dealing with flood risks. Mitigation policies are implemented through strengthening community capacity based on non-structural mitigation, such as the establishment of Disaster Resilient Villages (DESTANA), village disaster volunteers, and disaster risk assessments. The mitigation programs carried out include disaster awareness socialization, mitigation training, and dissemination of daily weather information. In its implementation, BPBD also coordinates with the village government, sub-district task forces, and the River Basin Management Agency (BBWS). These mitigation programs have had a positive impact on increasing community knowledge, preparedness, and participation, although there are still obstacles in the form of limited budgets, infrastructure, human resources, and suboptimal cross-sector coordination. The contribution of this research is to provide additional insight and new information regarding the role of the Regional Disaster Management Agency in flood disaster mitigation.

This study aims to analyze the effect of personalized marketing on customer satisfaction and customer retention, as well as to explain the role of customer satisfaction as a mechanism linking marketing personalization to customers’ decision to remain with a brand. The background of this study is based on the increasing use of data-driven marketing strategies, product recommendations, personalized promotions, and digital communication tailored to customer preferences. In an increasingly competitive business environment, companies are required not only to attract new customers but also to retain existing customers through relevant, convenient, and valuable experiences. This study employed a quantitative explanatory approach, with the population consisting of customers who had received personalized marketing from a particular company or brand. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with the criteria that respondents had received personalized promotions and had made repeat purchases. The total sample consisted of 110 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The findings show that personalized marketing has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. This indicates that promotions, recommendations, and marketing messages that are relevant to customer needs can create more positive customer experiences. Customer satisfaction is also found to have a positive and significant effect on customer retention, meaning that satisfied customers are more likely to make repeat purchases, continue using products or services, and avoid switching to competitors. In addition, personalized marketing has a direct effect on customer retention, although its effect becomes stronger when mediated by customer satisfaction. The implications of this study emphasize that companies need to develop personalization strategies that are not only data-driven but also relevant, ethical, non-intrusive, and oriented toward customer value. Therefore, personalized marketing can serve as an important strategy for improving customer satisfaction and maintaining long-term customer retention.

Feasibility evaluation is a crucial step in port development as it ensures that the project to be implemented provides optimal technical, economic, social, and environmental benefits. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of global research trends related to port feasibility evaluation, approaches applied in previous studies, and risks that arise when feasibility aspects are neglected in port development. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, the study analyzes articles published between 2020 and 2025 indexed in Scopus. The results show that there has been increasing global attention to the importance of sustainable ports focused on green technologies and terminal automation. However, many studies still overlook social and environmental risks in feasibility evaluations. The study also found that neglecting feasibility aspects can lead to economic losses, environmental damage, and social dissatisfaction, resulting in project failure. Therefore, this research emphasizes the need for a more integrated feasibility evaluation that includes all technical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions. This study is expected to contribute to the development of a more holistic feasibility evaluation model, especially for developing countries like Indonesia, which still face significant challenges in port modernization and the adoption of green technologies.

This study aims to develop a PAFE (KPK FPB BOARD) learning medium for KPK and FPB materials for fifth-grade students at SDN 47 Gresik. This research uses the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) model, which focuses on the analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation, and feasibility testing of the resulting learning media. This media was developed as an interactive tool capable of increasing learning interest, strengthening conceptual understanding, and providing a more enjoyable learning experience. The results indicate that Math Space media meets three main aspects of educational media development: validity, practicality, and effectiveness. In terms of validity, the media expert's assessment obtained a percentage of 95% and a percentage of 80.9%, respectively. Based on the average of the two results, the percentage obtained was 87.9%, making it highly valid. In terms of practicality and effectiveness, the N-gain calculation result of 0.80 is categorized as very effective, thus demonstrating that the use of the media significantly improves understanding of the KPK and FPB concepts. In terms of practicality, student responses reached 92.8%, indicating that this media is highly practical, easy to use, engaging, and supports independent learning. Overall, the PAFE (KPK FPB BOARD) learning media was deemed feasible, practical, and effective for use in mathematics learning, particularly in KPK and FPB. Furthermore, this media is flexible and can be used for both in-class and out-of-class learning.

This study was conducted to examine, from an organizational behavior perspective, how leadership styles influence employee work behavior at the Population and Civil Registration Service (Dukcapil) of Magelang Regency. This study utilized various reference sources, including books, scientific journals, and previous research on leadership, organizational behavior, and employee work behavior. The results showed that certain leadership styles have a significant impact on employee work behavior, particularly in terms of improving discipline, motivation, responsibility, and the quality of public services. Transformational, democratic, and authentic leadership styles are considered more effective because they can create a good work environment, build trust, and encourage positive behaviors such as cooperation and initiative. Conversely, ineffective leadership can lead to low work motivation, decreased organizational commitment, and decreased quality of public services. Furthermore, this study shows that organizational systems are not the only factor influencing the success of public services; leaders also have the necessary expertise to direct and change employee work behavior. Therefore, a flexible and engaging leadership style is an important component in improving the quality of public services at Dukcapil of Magelang Regency.