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Children with special needs (ABK) often face various challenges that require extra attention and support from their families. This study aims to determine the role of families in supporting the welfare of ABK at SLB Kasih Ibu in Dolok Masihul District. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observation, and documentation. There were nine informants in this study. The results showed that the family plays a role in improving the welfare of children with special needs through several main aspects, namely: family resilience, which includes physical, social, and psychological resilience, which is fulfilled through basic needs, religious values, communication, commitment, and emotional management. The family provides personal support in the form of information, emotional support, education, and daily assistance. Good family relationships with effective communication and positive reinforcement, as well as the lack of community capacity in serving children with special needs. The welfare of children with special needs is fulfilled through basic needs, care, nurturing, and guidance from their families. Families also play a role in meeting the basic needs of children with special needs and protecting them from violence, discrimination, and unfair treatment, thereby creating a safe and supportive environment for the optimal development of children with special needs..

Bullying is a serious problem that negatively affects students’ mental health, self-esteem, and academic achievement. Resilience functions as a protective factor that enables victims of bullying to remain adaptive despite adverse experiences. Peer support has been shown to enhance self-confidence, social competence, and psychological resilience among adolescents. This community service program aimed to strengthen students’ resilience through peer support training at SMP Negeri  Semarang in July 2025. A total of 18 students identified by school counselors as bullying victims participated in three training sessions: (1) education on bullying and resilience, (2) resilience skills training including emotional regulation, problem solving, and positive thinking, and (3) peer support group formation. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) was used to measure resilience before and after the intervention. Findings indicated an increase in average resilience scores from 21.6 to 29.6, representing a 37% improvement. Qualitative observations revealed enhanced self-confidence, improved emotional regulation, and stronger social support from peers. These results demonstrate that peer support-based resilience training is effective in improving students’ psychological adaptability. The intervention can serve as a school-based psychosocial strategy to foster mental well-being among adolescents, particularly those who have experienced bullying.

This study explores the psychological analysis of the main character in John Wick (2014), emphasizing the emotional and motivational factors that drive his actions. By applying Bernhardt's psychological aspects and Kenney's conflict theory, the research investigates the protagonist's internal struggles alongside his external challenges. Key issues examined include grief, trauma, and the pursuit of justice, highlighting how these elements shape character development and influence the narrative's progression. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method and thorough film analysis, the study reveals that John Wick's journey transcends mere revenge; it represents a complex psychological quest for closure, identity, and moral reconciliation. The findings emphasize the significance of emotions, ethical dilemmas, and personal values in character-driven narratives, illustrating how internal conflicts affect external actions. This research adds to broader discussions on the psychological depth of cinematic characters and underscores the universal themes of loss and resilience. Future studies could investigate similar analyses across different genres to deepen our understanding of character psychology and audience engagement.

Infertility is a reproductive health issue that not only affects biological aspects, but also causes significant psychological burdens, particularly anxiety in women. In the context of Saudi Arabian culture, which has strong pronatalist values, infertile women often face social and emotional pressures that can exacerbate their psychological condition. Social support is seen as a protective factor that plays an important role in helping individuals adapt to the stress of infertility. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of social support and the level of anxiety in Saudi women facing infertility at the Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Takhassusi Branch, Riyadh. This study uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional analytical observational design. The research sample consisted of 30 infertile women selected using consecutive sampling techniques. The levels of social support and anxiety were measured using a standardized questionnaire, then analyzed using Spearman's correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most respondents were aged 20–35 years and experienced primary infertility. The Spearman test showed a statistically significant relationship between the level of social support and the level of anxiety (p = 0.000) with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.625, indicating a moderate to strong positive relationship. This indicates that women with higher levels of anxiety tend to receive or seek more intense social support. In conclusion, social support plays an important role in the dynamics of anxiety in infertile women. The integration of structured psychosocial support into infertility services is essential to improve patients' psychological well-being and quality of life.

Conflict is a universal phenomenon that emerges in various aspects of life, ranging from education, social interactions, and law to ecological systems. Its complex dynamics require a deeper understanding of both the underlying sources and levels of conflict to enable constructive management. This study aims to systematically review the literature on conflict with a focus on two key aspects: *sources of conflict* and *levels of conflict*. The method employed is a literature review by searching articles through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keywords “sources of conflict” and “levels of conflict.” From an initial pool of 30 articles, screening was conducted based on relevance, recency (2019–2025), and open access availability. The final selection yielded 7 articles for in-depth analysis. The findings indicate that sources of conflict include internal factors (psychological, values, communication), external factors (ecological, socio-cultural), and structural dimensions (legal, political). Levels of conflict were identified at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and structural levels. This review highlights that conflict is a multidisciplinary phenomenon requiring integrative examination. The implications suggest the need for developing a cross-disciplinary conceptual framework to understand conflict comprehensively and to provide a stronger basis for more effective resolution strategies.

Introduction: Back pain during pregnancy is a problem that is often experienced by pregnant women and is complex because it involves not only physical changes, but also psychological aspects. Changes in body biomechanics, weight gain, and shifting of the center of gravity due to uterine enlargement are the main factors that trigger pain complaints, especially in the lower back area. This condition can have a negative impact on the quality of life of pregnant women, interfere with daily activities, and even worsen emotional states due to the emergence of anxiety, fear, and stress if not managed properly. Treatment of back pain in pregnant women can be done through safe non-pharmacological methods, one of which is prenatal yoga. Yoga practice for pregnant women has been proven to provide benefits in the form of relaxation, posture improvement, and increased muscle elasticity. One of the effective movements is the Angry Cat Pose because it is able to stretch the back muscles, improve blood circulation, and reduce pressure on the lower spine. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect  of Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the intensity of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 31 pregnant women in the third trimester with complaints of back pain who visited the Gunungpati Health Center. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire, while the data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of <0.05. Results: The results showed a significant effect of the Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester with p=0.000. After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced a decrease in pain to the mild category on a scale of 1–3. Conclusion: The Angry Cat Pose  exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing back pain in third trimester pregnant women, so it can be recommended as a safe, simple, and routine nonpharmacological intervention under the supervision of health workers.

Adolescence is an important period in which individuals experience various dynamics of change, both psychologically and biologically. In general, biological changes in this age group occur more rapidly than mental development. This phenomenon has contributed to the emergence of various problems, one of which is promiscuous behavior, which Indonesia is currently facing. The research conducted at SMAN 1 Krueng Barona Jaya aimed to analyze how health education can contribute to increasing adolescents' knowledge about the risks of promiscuity. This study was conducted on May 14, 2025, with a pre-experimental research design, using a One Group Pre-test Post-test design. A total of 44 students were selected as respondents through proportional sampling. The main measurement tool was a knowledge questionnaire used as a data collection instrument, while statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. The pretest findings showed that 8 students (18.2%) were in the low knowledge category, 7 students (15.9%) were in the moderate knowledge category, and 29 students (65.9%) had good knowledge. In the post-test stage, there was a significant increase with 39 respondents (88.6%) in the good knowledge category and 5 respondents (11.4%) in the sufficient category. Health education was proven to have a significant impact on adolescents' knowledge about the dangers of promiscuity, as indicated by a p-value of 0.001. Through these findings, it is hoped that adolescents can be more proactive and responsible in obtaining accurate information about reproductive health, especially regarding the dangers of promiscuous behavior.

The focus of this paper is to examine the political strategy of Muhammad Ikhsan Darwis in winning the 2024 Legislative Election in Electoral District I of Kupang City, using the 4P political marketing theory by Niffenger: Product, Promotion, Price, and Place. In terms of Product, Ikhsan’s public image is shaped by his clean, caring, and inclusive personal character, as well as his active involvement in various socio-religious organizations such as HIPMI, NU, KKSS, and PPIA, which reinforce his appeal among young voters. His Promotion strategy was realized through campaign tools (APK) that were presented in a simple yet strategic manner, reflecting a courteous and down-to-earth personality. For Price, he implemented both economic and psychological pricing strategies by managing campaign funds efficiently and strengthening his reputation through his educational background and organizational experience. Lastly, in the Place dimension, Ikhsan adopted an inclusive and spiritual approach, leveraging strong grassroots support from communities like KKSS and the Bugis ethnic group. These four strategies were successfully executed, leading to Muhammad Ikhsan Darwis’s election as a legislative candidate representing the Golkar Party in Electoral District I of Kupang City.

Bullying remains a serious issue in the education sector, particularly at the junior high school level. The lack of students’ understanding regarding forms of bullying often leads to behaviors considered jokes, such as calling peers by their parents’ names, which can cause psychological harm. This community service program aimed to raise awareness among students of SMP Negeri 6 Pagelaran about the dangers of bullying and to build a collective commitment to its prevention. The method employed was Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) through four stages: Discovery, Dream, Design, and Destiny. The results revealed that students developed a better understanding of the definitions, forms, and impacts of bullying. Active participation through discussions, games, and reflections encouraged students to design simple preventive strategies and establish class-wide agreements. The collective commitment generated by this program demonstrated that interactive educational approaches are effective in fostering awareness, empathy, and shared responsibility to create a safe, inclusive, and bullying-free school environment.

Adolescents are a group at risk of emotional and social changes, including the impact of verbal abuse that can lower self-confidence. At SMP Negeri 16 Palangka Raya, some students often face taunts, insults, and hurtful labels from their peers. Some students exhibit shy behavior, withdraw, and have low self-confidence. Verbal abuse is often seen as a joke, but it can negatively affect the psychological condition of adolescents. Positive attitudes are believed to help adolescents face verbal abuse more constructively. This study aims to analyze the relationship between attitudes and adolescents' self-confidence in dealing with verbal abuse. The study used a quantitative method with a correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. A total of 55 students from classes VIII-1 and VIII-2 were selected as samples using total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Spearman Rank test. The results showed that all respondents had a positive attitude, but 81.8% had only moderate self-confidence. The p-value of 0.007 (< 0.05) indicates a significant relationship between attitude and self-confidence. This suggests that positive attitude alone is not enough, and emotional education and psychosocial support are needed to improve adolescents' self-confidence in dealing with verbal abuse.

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, self-control, parental influence, peer influence, and income on students’ saving behavior in the Economic Education Study Program at Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban for the 2021–2024 cohort. A quantitative approach with an associative research design was applied. The population consisted of 173 students, and the sample was determined using Slovin’s formula with a total of 64 respondents. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS, including classical assumption tests. The results reveal that financial literacy, parental influence, and income have a significant positive effect on saving behavior, while self-control and peer influence have a significant negative effect. The coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.724, indicating that 72.4% of the variation in students’ saving behavior can be explained by the independent variables, while the remaining 27.6% is influenced by other factors outside the model. These findings highlight that students’ saving behavior is shaped by the interplay of cognitive, psychological, social, and economic factors.

This study originates from the difficulties student pilots encounter when deciding to perform a go-around during unstable strong wind (gusty wind) conditions, especially on the runway at Banyuwangi Airport. The go-around procedure is a vital element in maintaining flight safety, but for inexperienced students, the decision is often challenging and influenced by multiple factors. The purpose of this research is to explore and analyze the aspects that affect student pilots’ considerations when faced with gusty wind situations. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with both student pilots and flight instructors. The findings reveal that several elements play key roles in shaping decision-making, including the level of flight experience, the application of aeronautical decision-making (ADM) principles, situational awareness in rapidly changing conditions, and the psychological pressures experienced during critical phases of flight. These insights emphasize the importance of strengthening pilot training programs, particularly in weather-related decision-making scenarios. By integrating structured ADM training and enhancing awareness of environmental factors, student pilots can be better prepared to respond to challenging conditions. The outcomes of this research are expected to support improvements in aviation education, reduce potential risks, and foster a stronger safety culture among future pilots.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly influenced consumer financial behavior, particularly with the widespread adoption of digital wallets. This study aims to analyze the influence of physical wallet money and digital wallet balances on consumptive behavior among young adults. Using a quantitative research approach, data were obtained from 77 respondents through an online survey distributed via social media platforms. The research instrument employed a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 to measure three main variables: physical wallet money, digital wallet balance, and consumptive behavior. Data analysis included validity and reliability testing, followed by multiple linear regression using SPSS version 26. The results indicate that both independent variables—physical wallet money and digital wallet balances—have a positive and significant influence on consumptive behavior. However, the influence of digital wallet balances is more dominant than that of physical wallet money. The regression model produced an R-squared value of 0.615, indicating that 61.5% of the variation in consumptive behavior can be explained by the two variables. These findings highlight the psychological impact of the convenience of digital transactions on impulsive buying tendencies. Therefore, enhancing financial literacy is essential in today’s digital economy. Further research is recommended to involve a broader population and consider additional financial technology variables to gain a more comprehensive understanding of digital consumption behavior.

Language has a crucial role in understanding human communication, one of which is through speech actions carried out by humans. The existence of speech acts is so diverse, one of which is expressive speech that can reflect the psychological condition of the speaker. This research chose the film Kukira Kau Rumah as an object, because film is one of the objects that contains speech acts through dialogue. In the film, there are many dialogues that are emotionally charged and relevant to mental health issues. The study of this film is important because it can provide a new perspective in pragmatics, especially understanding how language is used to express emotions, build character dynamics, and represent the form of expressive speech itself. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method whose analysis is carried out on the dialogues in the film to find various expressive speech acts, identify the types of expressive speech acts, and define the meaning of speech acts to the context related to these speech acts. The types of expressive speech that were found included the expressive act of praise, thanks, criticism, complaining, blaming, congratulating, and apologizing. This research is expected to contribute new insights in pragmatic studies, especially regarding the analysis of expressive speech acts and new references for linguistic studies.

This paper aims to explore the legal basis and ethical reasoning for the revocation of parental rights due to domestic violence by placing the child's best interests as a compass and mapping the gap between norms and judicial practices. The method used is normative-doctrinal legal research based on a literature review of the Domestic Violence Law, the Marriage Law, the Child Protection Law, selected jurisprudence, and scientific literature, analyzed qualitatively through systematic interpretation, argument construction, and linking to the facts of the impact of domestic violence on children. The results show that positive law provides a firm basis for sanctions and protections including restrictions on interaction and revocation of custody rights, but implementation is often hampered by vague evidence of psychological violence, the victim's economic dependence, and weak execution of alimony; revocation effectively breaks the cycle when accompanied by a protection order, a post-decision parenting plan, and ongoing psychosocial support. Policy implications include guidelines for proving coercive control, expanding access to timely protection orders, integrating trauma-informed services in religious courts, and a mechanism for executing alimony that does not burden victims, with schools, community health centers, and communities as early detection nodes. Ultimately, legal work and social networks converge in one simple goal: that home again means a safe place for children to return.

This study aims to determine the role of work-life balance in mediating the effect of self-efficacy on turnover intention. The research employed a saturated sampling technique with a sample of 112 employees. The method used was a survey method with questionnaires and interviews, analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential  statistical analysis with SEM-PLS. The results of this study indicate that self-efficacy has a negative effect on turnover intention. Self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on work-life balance. Work-life balance negatively affects turnover intention. Furthermore, work-life balance is able to mediate the effect of self-efficacy on turnover intention. The theoretical implication of this research is a confirmation of attribution theory and its relation to the research variables. The practical implication provides alternative solutions to the problem of turnover intention. The recommendation given is that the Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University, should provide psychological support and a conducive work environment to enhance employees’ self-efficacy, while also developing flexible work policies that support work-life balance through workload management, rest periods, and a work culture that respects personal life.

This article aims to analyze the role of the spirituality of the Catholic faith as the foundation of student resilience in facing the dynamics of academic life. The research uses the literature review method by examining reputable Church documents, books, and articles. The results of the study show that student resilience does not only come from psychological and social factors, but gains depth when supported by the spiritual dimension. Catholic spirituality lived through prayer, sacraments, devotion, and involvement in the community of faith provides meaning in suffering, transcendent strength, and social support that strengthen students' resilience. The integration of resilience and spirituality makes academic life not only an arena for intellectual achievement, but also a space for faith growth and spiritual maturity. Thus, the spirituality of the Catholic faith serves as a foundation that helps students not only survive academic pressure, but also develop into hopeful individuals who are ready to contribute to the Church and society.

Emotional neglect is a form of non-physical maltreatment that occurs when a child fails to receive sufficient emotional support, attention, and affection necessary for proper psychological growth. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of emotional neglect among a male juvenile inmate at the Correctional House for Adolescents (LPKA) Class II Payakumbuh and to understand how these experiences influenced emotional and behavioral development prior to engagement in criminal activities. A qualitative design with a descriptive phenomenological approach was employed, and data were collected through three in-depth interviews with a 17-year-old participant who had experienced emotional neglect since childhood. Analysis was conducted using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) stages. Findings revealed that emotional neglect caused deep emotional wounds, persistent loneliness, family disintegration, and emotional escape through deviant behaviors, including drug use and also criminal acts. The participant also expressed a profound emotional longing for his mother and attempted to reconstruct his self-identity by seeking supportive relationships outside the family environment. The study emphasizes the critical importance of emotional care in parenting and highlights the need for systemic interventions and support for children raised in dysfunctional families to prevent the development of maladaptive behaviors and to promote healthier emotional and social development.

Anxiety in patients undergoing preoperative vitrectomy can have a significant impact on biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects, manifesting as increased blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and sleep quality disturbances that can affect physiological and psychological balance. Blood pressure is influenced by the autonomic nervous system, making anxiety and sleep quality important factors related to cardiovascular stability. This study aims to explain the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety with blood pressure in preoperative vitrectomy patients. The research design used was a cross-sectional correlation study involving 108 respondents. The instruments used included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) to assess anxiety, and blood pressure measurements before surgery. The analysis used the Spearman test. The results showed that most respondents were in the early elderly age category (34.3%), had a high school education (54.6%), and were employed (57.4%). Most experienced mild sleep disturbances (81.5%) and mild anxiety. The average systolic blood pressure of respondents was 133.50 mmHg (SD 11.569) and diastolic blood pressure was 84.29 mmHg (SD 11.081). Spearman's test showed a relationship between sleep quality and systolic blood pressure (r=0.237; p=0.014) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.428; p=0.001), as well as between anxiety and systolic blood pressure (r=0.502; p=0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.326; p=0.001). It was concluded that there was a relationship between sleep quality and anxiety with the blood pressure of patients undergoing preoperative vitrectomy. Nurses are advised to conduct early screening and simple interventions to reduce anxiety and improve the sleep quality of patients

Pain is one of the main problems that cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy often experience, both as a direct result of the development of the disease and as a side effect of the therapy undergone. Pain that is not handled properly can decrease the quality of life, interfere with daily activities, and negatively impact the patient's psychological state. Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions are important as a companion effort to medical treatment. This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of Benson relaxation technique and Quranic Healing therapy on the pain level of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. The research uses a quasi experiment design with a nonequivalent control group design approach. The sample size was 36 respondents, divided into intervention groups and control groups, each consisting of 18 respondents. Pain levels were measured with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) instrument before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test for differences within groups and the Mann–Whitney test for differences between groups. The results showed a significant decrease in pain levels in the intervention group (p = 0.000) compared to the control group (p = 0.046), with a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the combination of Benson relaxation techniques and Quranic Healing has been shown to be effective in reducing pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. These interventions can be recommended as an alternative to non-pharmacological nursing measures to improve the comfort and quality of life of cancer patients.