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The semantic study of religious texts is becoming increasingly important in understanding the meaning of spiritual teachings in a deep, contextual, and relevant way to current developments. This article aims to analyze the semantic aspects of Buddhist texts, emphasizing the meaning, symbolism, and interpretation of key terms. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a hermeneutic method to examine key concepts such as dukkha, nirvana, and samsara found in classical Buddhist texts, including the Dhammapada, the Lotus Sutra, and the Abhidhamma. The analysis shows that the meaning of terms in Buddhist texts is not static or merely literal, but rather contains symbolic, philosophical, and spiritual dimensions that develop according to cultural, social, and historical contexts. These findings confirm that a semantic approach can enrich the understanding of Buddhist teachings, broaden the horizons of religious interpretation, and bridge the relevance of Buddhist values ​​in modern human life.

This study examines the semantic aspects of the Citta Vagga (Mind Chapter) verses of the Dhammapada scriptures, focusing on the analysis of the meaning of keywords, symbolism, and philosophical interpretations in the text. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach based on semantic analysis combined with hermeneutic methods to uncover the deep contextual meanings in Buddhist teachings. This study focuses on central concepts such as citta (mind), dukkha (suffering), and nibbana (liberation), as well as how the use of metaphor, personification, and repetition in the text helps convey the spiritual message and wisdom of the Buddha. The results of the study show that the layers of meaning in the Citta Vagga are very complex and rich in symbolic elements that refer to mind control as the core of Buddhist teachings. Furthermore, this research reveals the intricate relationship between linguistic structures and spiritual doctrines, demonstrating how ancient Pali texts employ sophisticated rhetorical devices to transmit timeless wisdom across generations.

Fables are literary works in the form of literary texts in the form of exposure to stories and poems with animal characters. This study aims to determine the meaning and meaning of the Fable text of Jean de la Fontaine's three literary works, "la Cigale et la Fourmi, le Coq et le Renard, and le Lion devenu vieux". With a semantic approach and the research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method, which analyzes the meaning and meaning of the sentences in the fable.

Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) is a scalp disorder characterized by white scales and itching which causes a dilemma for sufferers because it can reduce appearance or attractiveness and cause a student to lack self-confidence. Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) is experienced by all groups, from children, teenagers to the elderly, of all genders. Paskibra members are an example of teenagers who often do outdoor activities. This research aims to identify the fungus Pityrosporum ovale which causes dandruff in Paskibra members. The research design used was descriptive observational, where the main aim was to obtain an overview of the Pytorosporum ovale fungus on the scalp of Paskibra SMA “X” Tangerang City and the sample of this study were 19 Paskibra members. The repair materials were scalp scrapings on dandruff sufferers to do microscopic examination with 10% KOH and Lactophenol Cotton Blue then followed by culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol at 37OC for 2-5 days. The results of the research on 19 respondents conducted at SMA “X” Tangerang City showed that 18 respondents (95%) were positively infected with the fungus Pityrosporum ovale and 1 respondent (5%) was negatively infected with dandruff. Macroscopically Pityrosporum ovale has a morphological form that is white in color and fine textured and microscopically has morphological characteristics of microconidia oval and budding.

Students have challenges during the learning process, particularly when it comes to descriptive writing. Most students struggle with coming up with ideas, organizing them, and writing paragraphs. Pinterest media is one of the appropriate media for students to enhance their writing. The aim of this research is to assess the impact of utilizing Pinterest visuals on the writing proficiency of seventh-grade students at SMP N 3 Jepara in composing descriptive text. Additionally, it seeks to identify any notable disparities in students' descriptive writing abilities before and after they are instructed using the Pinterest picture media approach. Data is collected via pre-test, post-test, and questionnaires. This study focused on a single group as the main data and it used a pre-experimental quantitative design. This study's sample size is VII H which has 24 students. Students are required to undergo both a pre-test and a post-test for their writing assessments. These test outcomes are subsequently subjected to analysis employing SPSS statistical software version 22. The findings reveal significant disparities, as evidenced by a hypothesis testing value of 0.000, which is less than the significance level of 0.05. This outcome leads to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis, which asserts that "There is a significant influence of using Pinterest media on student's ability in writing descriptive text at VII H students of SMP N 3 Jepara".  

Semiotically, poetry is a systematic and meaningful structure of signs determined by convention. Understanding poetry is nothing other than understanding the meaning of poetry. The meaning of poetry is a work that arises from language which is arranged based on literary structure according to its conventions. Therefore, to study poetry, it is necessary to conduct a semiotic analysis of the land, remembering that poetry is a structure of meaningful signs. The semiotic approach is considered capable of expressing the meaning contained in poetry, so this approach has received a lot of attention, namely with the research that has been produced. This article aims to discuss the hidden meaning of poetic texts through discussion and explanation from a semiotic perspective. This theory is used as a basis for explaining poetry in terms of the signs and interpretations thereof. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a focus on poetry as the object and research data. The results of this research show that the poem "Aku Brings the Wind" by Heri IsnaIni has a strong structure with signs that form meaning. The concept of determination is the dominant theme that builds the meaning of the poem as a whole. Thus, it is hoped that this research will open up research that utilizes semiotic theory in discussing poetry and other literary texts.

The education of the Quran plays a key role in shaping the character, morality, and spirituality of individual Muslims. The vision of Quranic education extends beyond the mere understanding of the text, encompassing the introduction and application of Islamic values in everyday life. Contextualizing the vision of Quranic education involves an effort to comprehend and apply the teachings of the Quran in varying contexts of time and place. This article explores how the vision of Quranic education can be integrated and developed within educational institutions through a qualitative descriptive approach and literature review. The findings indicate that Quranic education involves not only understanding the text, but also the practice of Islamic ethics, the cultivation of noble virtues, the teaching of Arabic language, exegesis, hadith, and the study of the historical and cultural context in which the Quran was revealed. The integration of Quranic teachings into educational curricula, interactive teaching methods, character development, and the promotion of social awareness and inclusive education are crucial strategies in implementing the vision of Quranic education within educational institutions. Through these measures, Quranic education can shape a generation of Muslims with strong religious knowledge, virtuous character, and the ability to contribute positively to society as a whole.

Semiotics is a study of signs. The poems of Pengagum Rindu by M. Hanfanaraya contains elements of semiotics such as icons, indexes, and symbols. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze semiotics in the poems of Pengagum Rindu by M. Hanfanaraya. The scope of the research is the study of literary criticism, namely the study of semiotics. The limitation of the problem in this research is that the author takes all aspects of semiotics on the types of signs such as icons, indexes, and symbols. There are two sources of data, namely primary data sources and secondary data sources. This type of research is a qualitative research using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are hermeneutic and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique uses text analysis techniques. The results of the research that were found were (9) the symbol aspect was found as many as 1(one) data consisting of words, combinations of words, and phrases.    

This research is motivated by the relatively low student achievement which is suspected because students are lazy to read and students are still difficult to understand the meaning of the text they read. Therefore it needs a strategy to be able to improve student learning outcomes. So one way that can be taken to improve this is by utilizing the Discovery Learning learning model. The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of the Discovery Learning Model on Students' Activities and Learning Outcomes of Intensive Reading in Grade III UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea Jeneponto Regency. This type of research is a type of Pre Experimental Design research. The population in this study were students of class III UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea and the sample in this study were some of the population of class III students of UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea. The data collection method used is the observation method and the questionnaire method. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential data analysis.From the results of the research it is known that the value of intensive reading learning results for third grade students at UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea, Jeneponto Regency. This can be proven from the average student pretest result, which is 53.65, which is in the very low category, while the average student posttest result, which is 82.25, is in the high category. Strengthened by the results of the student intensive reading response questionnaire, it was effective because it met the student response questionnaire criteria, namely ≥ 75% gave a positive response.The results of the t test obtained tCount = 23.79 and tTable = 2.093, then tCount > tTable or 23.793 > 2.093 was obtained. So it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This indicates that research using the discovery learning model can increase the activity and learning outcomes of intensive reading skills in class III UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea, Jeneponto Regency.

 The main problem in this study is to see how far the ability of class VIII students of SMP Unismuh Makassar in determining the class of words in the text of the novel "Mekkah memoir the wound of a TKW" by Aguk Irawan MN. This study aims to describe the ability to identify word classes in the novel "Mecca memoirs the wound of a TKW" by Aguk Irawan MN Class VIII students of SMP UNISMUH Makassar. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research, the data obtained is in the form of answers which are the result of the questions contained in the test. The data obtained from the tests were processed using descriptive statistical techniques. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII which consisted of two classes, namely class VIII A which had 25 students and class VIII B which had 25 students. who obtained a score of 7 and above were (41 people (82%)), while students who obtained a score of 7 and below were (9 people (18%)). This has reached the criteria that become the standard of student ability, namely (80% or 40 students) who get a score of 7 and above. Keywords: 

The purpose of this study is to describe and explain religious values in the form of religious values 1) worship values, 2) jihad values, 3) sincere values, 4) moral values in the novel Buya Hamka by Ahmad Fuadi. The formulation of the problem in this study is how religious values are contained in the novel Buya Hamka by Ahmad Fuadi. This type of research is qualitative with descriptive research methods. The data in this study are words, groups of words, and sentences in which there are religious values in the novel Buya Hamka by Ahmad Fuadi. The source of data in this study is the novel Buya Hamka by Ahmad Fuadi. The instrument in this study is the researcher himself. The data collection technique carried out in this study is an observation technique. The observation used is a type of non-participant observation. The data validation technique in this study is a detailed description technique. Data is analyzed by steps, namely (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, (3) data verification. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the religious values studied in the novel Buya Hamka by Ahmad Fuadi found 257 data divided into four types of religious values. First, there are 66 data containing the value of worship, with indicators of performing prayers, giving thanks, making dhikr. Second, there are 77 data containing jihad values. Third, there are 11 data that contain sincere value. Fourth, there are 103 data containing akhalak values. In the novel Buya Hamka by Ahmad Fuadi, the most prominent religious value is morals, with indicators of morals to Allah, morals to oneself, morals to the family, morals to society.

This research is entitled The context of sociocultural practice in the song "Oras Loron Malirin" with Norman Fairclough's study. The issues discussed were (3) How is the sociocultural practice in the song "Oras Loron Malirin"? The type of research in this study is to use a descriptive qualitative research approach with Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model. The type of data used in this study is a song text entitled "Oras Loron Malirin" and the data source in this study is the subject from which the data was obtained. The data source is the lyrics of the song "Oras Loron Malirin" which comes from the Belu area of ​​East Nusa Tenggara Province. In this study, researchers used data collection techniques in the form of documentation techniques. The data analysis technique used in examining this research is descriptive data analysis techniques according to Miles and Huberman, namely, reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results of this study are in the form of data in the analysis of sociocultural practice, there are several things, namely cultural systems, economic systems and political systems that greatly influence the development of a discourse.    

Kue keranjang or commonly called Nian Gao is a seasonal cake during Chinese New Year celebrations. Kue Keranjang is a typical Chinese New Year food, its color is brown,  made from glutinous rice flour, water and sugar, and has a chewy and sticky texture. This study aims to determine the organoleptic properties of kue keranjang with the addition of beetroot puree and various raisin fillings including color, flavor, texture, taste, overall product preference level, chemical properties, and production raw material costs so that it can be an alternative business object.This research is a descriptive research. The amount of addition of beetroot puree is 100 grams, and 25 grams of raisins which are formed into 2 layers. Layer 1 added beetroot puree and Layer 2 added raisin filling variations. The data collection method used the observation method through organoleptic tests with a total of 30 panelists and chemical properties tests included protein, carbohydrates, fat, ash, fiber, anthocyanins and antioxidants. Organoleptic test data which includes color, flavor, taste, texture, overall preference level of the product were analyzed using quantitative descriptive with percentage.The results of research on kue keranjang with the addition of beetroot puree and various raisin fillings showed 1) Organoleptic properties of dark red color, it has distinctive flavor of kue keranjang, raisin flavor and no beetroot flavor, sweet, savory taste, raisin taste, and no beetroot taste. The texture is chewy, not mushy, and has a raisin taste and level of preference with liking criteria, 2) Chemical properties per 100 gr show carbohydrates 48.05%, protein 11.60%, fat 9.86%, moisture content 29.10%, ash 1.38%, fiber 1.40%, anthocyanins 21.88 mg, and antioxidants 86.50 mg, 3) The cost of raw materials is known to be IDR 26,900/100 gr.

. Utilization of local potential in the form of convection textile industry centers as a source of learning with the aim that learning can also take advantage of environmental aspects. the local potential of Tritunggal Village, namely the center of the textile convection industry. can increase the potential of students as an effort to develop themselves The purpose of this study is to: (1) To describe the potential of Tritunggal Village which is used as a social studies learning resource on economic activity material at Mts Ma'arif 23 Infarul Ghoy Tritunggal Lamongan (2) To describe social studies learning process on economic activity material at Mts Ma'arif 23 Infarul Ghoy Tritunggal Lamongan (3) To describe the utilization of local potential in Tritunggal Village as a support for social studies resources at Mts Ma'arif 23 Infarul Ghoy Tritunggal Lamongan This research uses a type of research approach descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. In analyzing the data using data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and the validity of the results from the Tritunggal Village research, Tritunggal Village has local potential in the form of a textile convection industry center, which is in line with economic activities in the area. Utilization of local potential as a support for social studies learning at Mts Ma'arif 23 Infarul Ghoy Tritunggal Lamongan, increasing student involvement, enthusiasm for learning, insight, and social attitudes Social studies learning by utilizing local potential runs smoothly and effectively.    

This study aims to: 1) Describe the form of soul function of the character Aletta Arkanza in the novel I'm A Good Girl by Zahrani Salsabila, 2) Describe the form of the attitude of the soul of the character Aletta Arkanza in the Novel I'm A Good Girl by Zahrani Salsabila. This study uses the study of Literary Psychology by utilizing Carl Gustav Jung's theory. This research is a type of qualitative research that is descriptive in nature. The source of this research data is text in the form of words or sentences that indicate the existence of soul functions and mental attitudes of the Aletta Arkanza character, Carl Gustav Jung's theory. Data collection techniques in this study are using library research, reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data in this study were analyzed using data analysis techniques by identifying, classifying, analyzing, describing, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that 1) The function of the soul in Aletta Arkanza's character there are four functions of the soul of thought, feeling, intuition and sensing which Jung distinguished into two characteristics, namely rational and irrational. 2) There are two characteristics of the attitude of the soul in the character Aletta Arkanza, namely introvert and extrovert.

The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research with the aim of the research being to describe the mathematical communication profiles of blind students. This research was conducted at SLB Negeri Rasau Jaya which is located at Education Street No. 2, Desa Rasau Jaya Satu, Rasau Jaya District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province, using the K13 curriculum. This study will describe the mathematical communication of SLBN Rasau Jaya students in the Cartesian coordinate material seen from aspects (1) The ability of students to give answers using everyday language in explaining ideas, situations and mathematical relations, orally or in writing with real objects, pictures, graphics and algebra. (Aspects of Written text); (2) Students' ability to connect real objects, pictures, and diagrams into mathematical ideas. (Drawing Aspects); (3) Students' ability to express everyday events in language or mathematical symbols. (Aspects of Mathematical Expression). In this study, the subjects of the study were all students of class VIII SLB Negei Rasau Jaya, which consisted of three students with low vision criteria. The data collection tools used in the research were observation sheets, interviews, and written tests. The mathematical communication skills of blind students have good abilities in the aspect of drawing. While the writing aspect was not fulfilled properly and the mathematical expression aspect did not meet the indicators at all.

Language as a means of human communication has become one of the interesting studies from time to time considering that language is dynamic. The science that studies language is linguistics, in which between branches of linguistics there is comparative historical linguistics. This study aims to describe how comparative linguistic studies are between Javanese regional languages and Malay regional languages. This research uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitatively it functions to collect data and analyze it both orally and in writing, while quantitatively to get comparisons and the number of percentages between language kinships obtained by using lexicostatistics techniques. The data source for this research is a Pontianak Malay language text entitled Bawang Merah and Bawang Puteh . The steps taken to determine language kinship are: (1) determine the basic vocabulary of Bawang Merah and Bawang Puteh folklore, (2) determine the pairs of the two languages, (3) determine the time of separation and age of language kinship. Based on the results of the analysis, Javanese and Malay were the only languages between 2325 – 1845 years ago. Javanese and Malay languages separated into a proto language between 302 - 178 AD (calculated by 2023).

This study aims to determaine whether there is an influence in the use of the ECOLA method on the ability to write procedural texts for students of class XI MA Bustanul Ulum Pagerharjo in the 2022/2023 academic year. In this research is a type of quantitative descriptive research. Data collection is done by testing techniques. Data analysis is presented in the form of table numbers, diagrams, and descriptions. The results of the analysis from this study are that there is an influence in the use of the ECOLA method on the ability to write procedural texts of students for the 2022/2023 school year. This can be proven from the results of hypothesis test, namely t count from the results the pretest dan posttest were 1,6627 an the results from the t table pretest and posttest were 2.015368. Thus it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, because t-table>t-count. So based on the hypothesis test calculations above, it can be said that use of the ECOLA method affects the ability to write procedural texts for students of class XI MA Bustanul Ulum Pagerharjo in the 2022/2023 academic year.

Abstract This paper discusses the image of women in Air Djenar Maesa Ayu's short story. This short story has a background in social life that occurs in society. This short story raises the main topic of women's struggles in living their lives after being abandoned by men. Social injustice like this creates various impacts such as subordination. This research uses descriptive analysis method. This study began with data collection using the mode of listening and reading short stories as a whole and then continued with data analysis using feminist study theory. This study shows that the short story Air by Djenar Maesa Ayu is included in liberal feminism. The results and discussion of this research are compiled based on issues related to women and the perspective of the reality of the text in short stories. The results of this short story analysis are divided into 3 concepts, namely: the image of women from the physical aspect, the image of women from the psychological aspect, the image of women from the social aspect. The story of the problems experienced in this short story is told through the character Saya. Based on the data and results of the analysis, the researcher describes the image of women in Djenar Maesa Ayu's short story Air through the social conflicts she experiences. Researchers add moral and social values ​​in this study. Researchers teach readers to respect each other as human beings through research on the short story Air by Djenar Maesa Ayu. Keywords: image of women, cultural background, liberal feminism, subordination

Hadith is one of the pillars of Muslims in carrying out Islamic law. Besides that, hadith is also a sharp weapon for orientalists in bringing down Islam. One of the bases used by orientalists in overthrowing Islam is the hadiths that seem textually contradictory. Hadith that appear to be textually contradictory can cause misunderstandings for the general public if they do not examine them in depth. One example is the hadith narrated by Abū Dāwud which contradicts the permissibility and prohibition of using illicit objects in medicine. Therefore, researchers conducted research on the meaning and completion of the two hadiths. This type of research is qualitative in nature (library research) with descriptive presentation and analysis methods. This research also uses the book of Sunan Abū Dāwud and is assisted by other standard books, then it is analyzed by studying the Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīṡ method of Syaikh Shāliḥ al-Uṡaimin to resolve the two contradictory hadiths. The result of this study is that the two hadiths can be solved using the al-Jam'u method. Based on the compromise of the two hadiths, it is known that the use of illicit objects is permissible with certain considerations and conditions.