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Initially, the existence of the Judicial Commission was formed based on Law Number 22 of 2004 as a legal derivative of the institution, in article 40 paragraph (1) of Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning judicial power it is stipulated that the Judicial Commission is an external supervisory body that monitors the supervision of judges' behavior based on the code of ethics and guidelines for judges' conduct, and Law Number 18 of 2011 concerning the Judicial Commission. The legal issue of this normative legal research: What is the form of the Judicial Commission arrangement in order to maintain the behavior of judges? What is the urgency of the authority of the Judicial Commission in order to maintain the behavior of judges? The Judicial Commission is regulated in Article 24B of the 1945 Constitution, which gives the authority to propose the appointment of Supreme Court Justice and maintain the honor and conduct of judges. This authority is important to ensure that judges carry out their duties with integrity and in accordance with the applicable code of ethics. The existence of legal gaps related to the limitations of the Judicial Commission's authority in supervising the behavior of judges often makes it difficult to carry out their duties optimally. The urgency of the authority of the Judicial Commission in maintaining the behavior of judges is very important to create a judicial system that is independent, accountable, and trusted by the public. Strengthening the authority and institutional support for the Judicial Commission is needed to ensure that supervisory duties can be carried out effectively, so that the ideals of legal reform in Indonesia can be well achieved.

The objective of this training program is to enhance the knowledge and skills of 11th-grade students in the Fashion Design Program at SMKS Pangeran Antasari Deli Serdang in creating digital fashion designs using CorelDRAW. The training aims to improve students’ ability to design fashion digitally, assess the skills they have acquired, and evaluate their satisfaction with the learning process using CorelDRAW software. The training was attended by 36 students from the 11th grade of the Fashion Design Program. The activities were conducted through material presentations, discussions, guided assignments, and program evaluations. Through this training, students gained a better understanding of digital fashion design and improved their ability to create proportionate body sketches and digital fashion illustrations using CorelDRAW software.The results of the training indicate that the objectives were successfully achieved. A total of 90% of participants expressed that they were "very satisfied" with the training, while 10% rated it as "satisfying." Additionally, 95% of the participants gave a score of 3, indicating a high level of satisfaction, and 2% rated it as "satisfying." Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the digital fashion design training using CorelDRAW was highly beneficial and provided significant advantages for students, teachers, and the school as a whole.

The World Trade Organization, hereinafter referred to as the WTO, is an international organization part of the Economic and Social Council as an important component in international trade. In carrying out international trade activities, a legal instrument is needed to ensure the sustainability of trade and facilitate the resolution of disputes that will be experienced by the international community. The trade dispute between Indonesia and Brazil was caused by Indonesia's policy of stopping chicken meat imports from Brazil since 2009, causing Brazil to suffer huge losses because it could not export chicken meat to Indonesia. From the chicken meat import policy in Indonesia, Brazil demanded that Indonesia had carried out trade protection which violated various WTO rules. Indonesia's defeat in the DSB-WTO Panel was due to the many Indonesian policies that violated the WTO agreement and the inability of Indonesian representative diplomacy to resolve the dispute.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health issue that affects both adolescents and the elderly, impacting their daily activities and overall quality of life. This study aims to identify the causes, risk factors, and preventive measures associated with LBP in these two age groups. Various factors, including posture, physical activity, body weight, and occupational or academic demands, contribute to the prevalence of LBP. In adolescents, prolonged sitting, improper posture, and excessive screen time are significant contributors, while in the elderly, age-related degenerative changes, decreased muscle strength, and chronic conditions such as osteoporosis play a major role. This study utilizes a literature review and observational analysis to explore the similarities and differences in LBP risk factors across different age groups. The findings suggest that early prevention through proper ergonomics, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce the incidence of LBP. Additionally, awareness and education about spinal health should be emphasized in both adolescents and the elderly to mitigate future complications. This research highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, medical interventions, and lifestyle modifications, in managing and preventing LBP effectively.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health issue that affects both adolescents and the elderly, impacting their daily activities and overall quality of life. This study aims to identify the causes, risk factors, and preventive measures associated with LBP in these two age groups. Various factors, including posture, physical activity, body weight, and occupational or academic demands, contribute to the prevalence of LBP. In adolescents, prolonged sitting, improper posture, and excessive screen time are significant contributors, while in the elderly, age-related degenerative changes, decreased muscle strength, and chronic conditions such as osteoporosis play a major role. This study utilizes a literature review and observational analysis to explore the similarities and differences in LBP risk factors across different age groups. The findings suggest that early prevention through proper ergonomics, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce the incidence of LBP. Additionally, awareness and education about spinal health should be emphasized in both adolescents and the elderly to mitigate future complications. This research highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, medical interventions, and lifestyle modifications, in managing and preventing LBP effectively.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder, is characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, erosion of bone and cartilage, leading to joint destruction. It can attack the joints and other parts of the body such as tendons, ligaments, and bones.  In serious cases, it can affect other organs such as the lungs, heart, nervous system, and eyes. Foot massage is effective to reduce pain. Before implementation of foot massage, the average pain scale was 6 (moderate pain). After implementation of foot massage  the pain scale decreased to 2 (mild pain). Through empowering the elderly, the elderly are taught and assisted in performing safe and effective foot massage techniques to reduce pain, improve blood circulation, and reduce joint stiffness due to rheumatoid arthritis. The conclusion of this community service activity shows that the use of foot massage is effective for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who experience pain.

Introduction to measuring tools is an important step in early childhood learning to help them understand basic measurement concepts such as length, weight and volume. Prescholl dan kindergarten at Nurul Ma'arif, this activity is designed with a creative and fun approach, so as to increase children's interest in learning. Through the use of simple measuring tools such as rulers, scales and measuring cups, children not only learn to recognize concrete sizes, but also develop cognitive, motor and logical skills. The implementation of this learning supports the achievement of holistic early childhood education goals, namely forming an intelligent, critical and innovative generation from an early age. The research used the classroom action research (PTK) method which consisted of two cycles, involving 5 children aged 4–5 years as subjects. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the research show that a play and experimental approach with simple measuring tools, such as rulers, stopwatches and weight scales, and clocks can increase children's understanding of the concept of measurement. Children become more active and enthusiastic in learning, with an increase in their ability to recognize length, determine body weight, recognize time and running speed. This research concludes that play and experimental approaches are effective for introducing measurement concepts to young children, as well as supporting the development of their fine motor and cognitive skills.

The existence of the grouping of traditional fishermen in Dabo Lama and also the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 36 of 2023 concerning the Placement of Fishing Gear and Fishing Aids in the Measured Fishing Zone and Traditional Fisherman's Fisheries Management Area, has made the local government enforce this regulation in the area. The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 36 of 2023 concerning the Placement of Fishing Gear and Fishing Aids in the Measured Fishing Zone and the Traditional Fisheries Management Area, Dabo Lama Village. The research approach used is a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that the ideal policy dimension in the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 36 of 2023 concerning the Placement of Fishing Gear and Fishing Aids in the Measured Fishing Zone shows quite effective results in the context of implementation in Dabo Lama Village. The policy is considered relevant to the needs of traditional fishermen and is able to create a more harmonious pattern of interaction between fellow fishermen, as well as between fishermen and the implementing body. Then the target group dimension shows the result that the policy is highly dependent on the equitable delivery of information, the involvement of the target group in decision-making, and the support of adequate means to support traditional fishers in carrying out the stipulated provisions Then the implementation body dimension shows the result that there are limited resources from the implementing body, such as the number of supervisory officers and facilities inadequate supporters. This condition has an impact on the less optimal assistance provided to fishermen in understanding and implementing policies in accordance with the rules that have been set. Then from the dimension of environmental factors, the results show that there are local initiatives from the government and the community to improve environmental conditions, such as mangrove replanting programs and communitybased waste management.

Biochemical toxicology studies are disciplines that study the impact of toxic compounds on biochemical processes in the human body. Toxic compounds, whether from the environment, industrial chemicals, drugs, or natural products, can interfere with cellular metabolic mechanisms and potentially cause damage to organs or body systems. This study aims to analyze how toxic compounds interact with biomolecules, such as proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids, which play a role in cellular metabolic processes. Disruption of metabolic enzymes can affect key metabolic pathways, such as energy synthesis, detoxification, and homeostasis regulation. These toxic impacts can contribute to the development of acute and chronic diseases, including liver, kidney, nervous system disorders, and cancer. In this study, we also discuss the detoxification mechanisms involving enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and glutathione-S-transferase in reducing the toxic effects of these compounds. A deeper understanding of toxic interactions and their impact on cellular metabolism is essential in developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for poisoning or toxicity-related diseases. This research is expected to provide insight into the development of more effective drugs and medical approaches in overcoming the effects of toxic toxins on humans.

Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, playing a vital role in regulating body growth and energy metabolism. This article explores the role of GH in supporting linear growth through the stimulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), its influence on lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, and the clinical implications of GH production disorders, including dwarfism, gigantism, and acromegaly. The research method employed is a literature review from various recent scientific sources, including journals, textbooks, and research articles. The findings indicate that GH functions to enhance lipolysis, protein synthesis, and maintain blood glucose levels, making it a key hormone in metabolic regulation. Moreover, GH production abnormalities can lead to long-term health issues, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and other metabolic complications. A deeper understanding of GH mechanisms opens opportunities for the development of hormone-based therapies to manage these disorders.

Nephrons are the smallest functional units in the kidneys that are responsible for filtering blood, regulating fluid balance, and excreting waste through urine. When nephrons are damaged or diseased, kidney function can be significantly impaired. Nephron damage is usually caused by various factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, kidney infections, or certain drug toxicity. In the early stages, nephron damage can cause a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). As a result, metabolic waste products such as urea and creatinine accumulate in the blood, known as azotemia. Over time, progressive damage to the nephrons can trigger chronic kidney disease (CKD). In more severe cases, when most of the nephrons are no longer functioning, the kidneys lose their ability to maintain the body's homeostasis. This results in electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, and excess fluid buildup, known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). At this stage, patients require renal replacement therapy such as dialysis or kidney transplantation to survive. Prevention of nephron damage is very important, including through the management of comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, adequate fluid intake, and avoiding exposure to toxic substances that damage the kidneys. Thus, the risk of kidney failure can be minimized.

During the field work practice, the author observed that there were obstacles in placing pedis examinations on non-cooperative patients so that the examination was not optimal. This obstacle resulted in radiologists not being able to carry out their expertise properly. In addition, if the referring doctor asks for a repeat photo, it will give the patient an excessive radiation dose. With such patient conditions, a fixation device is needed so that the examination produced optimal results. Innovation efforts are needed to overcome this in order to improve services and prioritize patient safety. In addition, according to Lampignano & Kendrick, (2018), it is not permissible to force injured limbs or body parts into a certain position, the position must be adjusted according to needs. So that patients with multiple fractures require special treatment that is different from patients in general. The researcher designed a fixation device that can be used in the patient's supine and sitting positions without having to lift the patient's thigh, genu, and cruris bones and also without looking at the size of the patient's feet.

This study aims to analyze the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) risk of workers at PT Kanugrahan Techno Engineering involved in grinding activities using the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method. The analysis results indicate that grinding activities 1 and 2 have a REBA score of 9, indicating a very high risk, while grinding activity 3 has the highest score of 10, indicating an extreme risk. Grinding activities 4 and 5 have a score of 7, indicating a moderate risk. To reduce these risks, ergonomic aids in the form of a table and chair were designed to support better posture. The production cost of one set of tools is Rp 710,966, with a total cost for 5 sets amounting to Rp 3,554,833.91. The implementation of ergonomic aids is expected to reduce MSDs risks, increase comfort and work efficiency, and improve worker productivity.

This study aims to determine the effect of balance training on improving the performance of pencak silat athletes. The study was conducted with an experimental design on 20 provincial-level pencak silat athletes. The results showed that balance exercises significantly improved body stability, agility, and movement coordination, which contributed to improved competitive performance. This study emphasizes the importance of balance training in the training program of martial athletes.

Corticosteroid hormones play a vital role in maintaining human homeostasis by regulating energy metabolism and stress responses. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, and mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, have specific functions in metabolic processes and electrolyte balance. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during stress responses triggers corticosteroid release, enabling the body to cope with physical and psychological challenges. However, corticosteroid dysregulation can lead to various clinical disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease, impacting metabolism and overall health. Furthermore, while corticosteroids are widely used in treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, prolonged use can cause severe side effects. This article aims to review the mechanisms, physiological roles, pathological impacts, and therapeutic potentials of corticosteroid hormones. The findings highlight the importance of managing these hormones in clinical conditions and the opportunities for developing more targeted and safer therapies.

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of sheep with the addition of fermented rice bran in the ration. This research was conducted in August-October 2023 at the sheep farm in Putra Buyut Village, Gunung Sugih District, Central Lampung Regency. In this study, 12 sheep were used with the age of 2 years and body weight of 20-23 kg. This study uses fermented rice bran as an addition to sheep rations, the addition in the ration with different percentages, namely P0 (forage feed without the addition of fermented rice bran), P1 (forage feed with the addition of 10% fermented rice bran), P2 (forage feed with the addition of 15% fermented rice bran), P3 (forage feed with the addition of 20% fermented rice bran). This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. Parameters observed in this study were feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results of this study showed that the provision of fermented rice bran in the ration had no significant effect (P>0.55) on feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion.  The highest average weight gain was in P0 (150.67).

This study explores the concepts of the visible and invisible Church using a qualitative approach with theological and historical methods. The invisible Church is understood as the true spiritual fellowship of all believers, known only to God, while the visible Church refers to the tangible institution that includes buildings, congregations, organizational structure, and leadership. Throughout Christian history, perspectives on the nature of the Church have varied—some emphasize its spiritual and universal aspects, while others focus on its organizational and institutional dimensions. Through the analysis of biblical passages such as Ephesians 1:22–23 and Colossians 1:18, along with theological insights and historical development, this study finds that a proper understanding of the Church must encompass both dimensions. Misinterpretation between these two concepts can lead to a limited understanding of the Church. The study affirms that the Church is not confined to formal institutions but is also the body of Christ comprising all true believers worldwide. By understanding the balance between the visible and invisible Church, Christians are encouraged to live in unity, strengthen their faith, and take an active and responsible role within church life. This understanding offers a broader perspective for living a more holistic and impactful faith life.

The Regional Head Election (Pilkada) in Indonesia serves as a means of popular sovereignty for electing Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, as well as Mayors and Deputy Mayors. This is a consequence of being a country that adheres to a democratic system. In every election period, Pilkada always faces various challenges, including changing regulations, implementation issues, and oversight mechanisms. One inevitable issue is election violations. The Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) of Karawang, as part of the election organizing body, is responsible for overseeing the implementation of Pilkada in Karawang Regency.One of its programs involves conducting participatory supervision socialization across 30 districts in Karawang Regency. This participatory supervision aims to encourage the public to actively and voluntarily engage in monitoring efforts to ensure an honest and fair Pilkada with integrity.

Background: Elderly the elderly are individuals aged 60 years and above. Globally the elderly population is growing faster than the younger population. The aging process experienced by the elderly is a process of reducing the body's resistance to internal and external stimuli. in the face of internal and external stimuli. In the aging process the elderly will experience physiological, psychological and social decline, these changes will affect health in the elderly. affect health in the elderly. Diabetes mellitus (DM) or diabetes is a non-communicable disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. by high blood sugar levels. DM occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to control blood sugar. If people with diabetes mellitus do not carry out treatment, the impact of the occurrence of complications of the disease in people with diabetes mellitus, therefore it is necessary to control or lower blood sugar levels. The purpose of this literature review: To carry out nursing care for the problem of diabetes mellitus in the elderly.Research methods: The search for article data sources was carried out through an inclusion study design using a Literature Review.Results: analysis of journal reviews found differences in the level of effectiveness between foot exercises (50%) and dhikr therapy (5%) and hyperglycemia (45%) where foot exercises were more influential than dhikr therapy in diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: There is an effect of foot exercises on reducing sugar levels in diabetes mellitus.

Fish growth refers to the growth of body size which includes length and weight, as well as the development of fish body tissues within a certain period of time.Growth does not only occur in a physical sense but also includes biological and physiological changes in the fish body.In an ecological context, fish growth is related to the ability to survive, adapt, and reproduce in an environment with various internal and external factors.The implementation of the practicum of population dynamics and fish stock assessment was carried out in the Nias University building, room 2 of the Faculty of Science and Technology. The morphometric measurements were carried out by measuring the total length, stag length and standard length.The total length was measured from the distance between the tip of the head end and the tip of the caudal fin back.Growth of strange mackerel through the relationship between length and weight using the growth formula expressed in the form of a linear regression equation. The equation obtained from the analysis of measurement data shows the length-weight relationship with the equation Y 2.8771x-1.7473 and R2 value of 0.6688. The coefficient b value of 1.7473 indicates that mackerel has a negative allometric growth pattern, which means weight gain. Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) is the main indicator of fish growth and health based on the results of morphometric studies that show variations in length and weight.