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This study explores the enduring legacy of Islamic legal scholarship and its significant influence on both historical and contemporary legal systems, with a particular focus on the multifaceted nature of Sharia. The research addresses the issue of misunderstanding Islamic law as rigid and outdated by highlighting its historical adaptability and intellectual richness. The primary objective is to examine how Islamic jurisprudence, particularly through the principles of Maqasid al-Shariah, has shaped legal systems and continues to inform debates on justice, human rights, and legal pluralism. Utilizing a qualitative library research methodology, the study analyzes classical Islamic legal texts, juristic methodologies, and modern interpretations to trace the evolution of Sharia from its foundational sources—the Quran and Hadith—to its integration into systems like the Ottoman and Mughal legal frameworks. The findings reveal that Sharia is not merely a codified set of rules, but a comprehensive ethical system responsive to context through tools such as Ijtihad, Qiyas, and Istislah. Moreover, the influence of Islamic law extends beyond the Muslim world, contributing to discourses on legal pluralism and ethical governance globally. Ultimately, the study demonstrates the continued relevance of Islamic legal tradition in shaping contemporary legal and moral thought in Muslim-majority societies and beyond.

Abstract This study examines the representation of Islam in the architecture of the KH Hasyim Asy'ari Indonesian Islamic Museum as a symbol of preserving Islamic history and culture in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study identifies the symbolic and philosophical elements contained in the facade, interior, and circulation of the museum space. The results of the study show that the museum architecture adopts a post-modern style with a triangular pyramid shape that tapers upwards, symbolizing the majesty and sustainability of Islamic civilization. The concept of postmodern space is applied, with unclear boundaries between spaces, creating a continuous visual and functional flow, while providing a harmonious spatial experience for visitors. The arrangement of space and circulation utilizes the principle of postmodern space, where spaces appear separate but remain visually and functionally connected, reflecting diversity and inclusivity in the concept of Islam. The representation of Islam on the museum facade is depicted through a motif that resembles santri sungkem to kyai, a symbol of respect and closeness to religious teachings. The pyramid shape not only adopts world architectural designs, but also has a philosophical meaning related to the majesty, identity, and heritage of Islamic civilization in Indonesia. This study confirms that museum architecture is not only a work of visual art, but also a symbol of Islamic identity that is profound and historically and culturally meaningful.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing strategies, product quality, and pricing on consumer purchasing decisions in the context of bead accessories. Utilizing a qualitative approach through literature review, the research synthesizes findings from previous studies published between 2019 and 2024. The results indicate that digital marketing strategies especially those involving social media, visual content, and e-commerce platforms significantly shape consumer preferences and purchasing decisions. Additionally, product quality, including durability, aesthetics, and unique design, plays a crucial role in fostering consumer trust and loyalty. Pricing is also a key determinant, where the perceived value-to-cost ratio greatly influences consumers’ final buying choices. This research contributes to the understanding of consumer behavior within the creative handmade accessory industry and offers practical implications for small business owners in designing more effective marketing strategies.

This research was motivated by the importance of implementing the merdeka curriculum, which emphasizes character development through the  Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5), particularly within the theme of local wisdom. Preliminary findings indicated that prior to the implementation of P5, students had limited understanding of social issues such as bullying, discrimination, and diversity. Therefore, appropriate teaching strategies are required to shape students’ character and enhance their social awareness The research questions addressed in this study are: (1) What strategies do teachers use to implement P5 material with the theme of local wisdom in Sociology learning for Grade X students at SMAN 1 Kalidawir? (2) What are the impacts of the applied strategies on the learning process? (3) What challenges do teachers face in implementing these strategies?. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research design. The aim is to explore the strategies used by teachers, their impacts on students, and the challenges encountered during the implementation of P5 materials. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of the study show that: (1) Teachers implemented project-based, collaborative, and contextual learning strategies that involved the local environment as a learning resource. (2) These strategies had a positive impact on students’ understanding of local cultural values and encouraged attitudes of tolerance and social awareness. (3) Challenges faced by teachers included limited time, varying levels of student motivation, and insufficient supporting facilities. Despite these obstacles, teachers strived to overcome them through collaboration, innovative learning approaches, and student-centered methods.

A parabola is a curve that consists of points that are equidistant from a fixed point (focus) and a fixed line (directrix). This study aims to analyze the shape of the canopy roof of the UBB Medical Building using an analytical geometry approach on parabolas. The method used is a quantitative descriptive based on visual documentary online and proportional estimates against comparative objects. The parabola model is constructed from three key points and visualized using GeoGebra. The results show that the shape of the canopy can be accurately represented through the equation of a parabola, with a symmetrical and aesthetic structure. This research proves that mathematical concepts can be practically applied in architectural design.

This article explores strategic approaches in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) based on the values of the Qur'an and Hadith as a transformative effort to shape students’ character and personality grounded in divine principles. Using the library research method, this study identifies key components in IRE learning, such as the integration of values into learning objectives and materials, the exemplary role of teachers, the development of a spiritually conducive learning environment, and value-oriented evaluation methods. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of IRE learning is highly influenced by the alignment of value content, pedagogical strategies, and educational climate that supports the holistic internalization of Islamic values. By prioritizing humanistic, contextual, and spiritual approaches, Islamic education serves as a vital instrument in forming ideal individuals prepared to face modern challenges with moral integrity and religious commitment.

This research explores how figurative language shapes the depth of emotion and psychology in the poem Mirror by Sylvia Plath. Through a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research aims to identify the types of figures of speech used and explain how these elements convey the lyricist's inner conflicts related to identity, aging, and self-perception. The analysis shows that Plath consciously uses personification, metaphor, simile, and symbolism to build a reflective and emotionally charged atmosphere. The mirror in this poem is not just an inanimate object, but is present as a conscious observer who speaks, judges, and becomes a silent witness to the aging process and identity crisis of the female character. Through metaphorical and symbolic imagery, the mirror transforms into an inner lake-space that reflects the search for self. The poem closes with an evocative simile, describing the deep fear of realizing one's fading youth. This study shows that Plath's use of similes is not only to embellish the poem, but as an important channel to express fears and emotional vulnerabilities that are often difficult to verbalize. The findings are expected to enrich literary discussions on how poetic language can reveal the complexity of human experience with clarity and intensity.

This study aims to analyze and compare the thanksgiving tradition of Gotilon in Batak society with the celebration of Erntedankfest in German culture. Both traditions are expressions of gratitude for the harvest and life’s blessings, yet they have developed within different cultural, social, and religious contexts. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a comparative-analytical approach. The findings reveal that Gotilon carries a strong religious dimension integrated with Batak customary practices, whereas Erntedankfest is more symbolic in modern German society, focusing on church services and social activities. This comparison highlights how values of gratitude are manifested through traditions shaped by cultural norms and societal development. This study is expected to enrich cross-cultural understanding and foster greater appreciation for both local and global heritage traditions.

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital transformation and lifestyle on saving decisions, with user satisfaction as a mediating variable among users of the KB Star application in Jember Regency. Digital transformation enables financial institutions to offer efficient, fast, and integrated services, while lifestyle reflects customer preferences and behaviors that also shape financial decisions. KB Star, as a digital banking platform by KB Bank, has experienced a significant increase in users; however, not all customers utilize its features to the fullest. This research adopts a quantitative approach using explanatory research methods. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 200 respondents who were active users of KB Star. The results indicate that digital transformation and lifestyle significantly influence user satisfaction, and that satisfaction acts as a mediating factor in influencing savings decisions. This study provides implications for the development of digital services oriented toward customer satisfaction and lifestyle needs as a strategy to enhance loyalty and financial decision-making in the digital era.

Bag charm is a fashion accessory that is on the rise because of its ability to beautify the appearance of the bag and provide a unique personal touch. In recent years, these accessories have become a significant trend in the fashion world, especially thanks to the influence of social media such as TikTok and Instagram. One of the interesting innovations of bag charm is the use of bristle wire (pipe cleaner) as the main material, which allows the creation of various interesting shapes such as flowers, animals, and funny characters. The business proposal "Bag Charm from Feather Wire" offers creative products with high aesthetic value and personalized appeal according to customer taste. In addition to being easy to make, this product has low production costs and promising profit potential. The theoretical study in this proposal includes the concept of entrepreneurship, product innovation, and market analysis as an important foundation in business development. Marketing strategies through social media and craft exhibitions are also key in expanding market reach. This venture not only provides profitable business opportunities, but also encourages creativity in the handicraft industry and becomes a means of self-expression for consumers. With the wide market potential and uniqueness of the product, the bag charm of bristle wire can become a new trend in the world of handmade accessories.

This study analyzes Red Bull advertisements as a form of visual propaganda that effectively constructs a brand image associated with extreme sports, bravery, and extraordinary achievement. The background of this research lies in the phenomenon of the increasing prevalence of visual content in modern marketing strategies, which not only sell products but also embed ideologies and social identities. Red Bull was selected as the object of study due to its consistent use of visual elements rich in symbolic and connotative meaning. This research employs a qualitative approach using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis method, along with theories of visual propaganda and social identity. The findings reveal that Red Bull communicates its message not merely through images and slogans, but also through the construction of deep connotative meanings. The slogan “Red Bull Gives You Wings” instills a sense of hope in surpassing one's limits, while the use of extreme sports figures as testimonials reinforces the product's image as a symbol of high performance. These advertisements create a modern myth in which Red Bull is associated with courage and freedom, transforming it from a mere energy drink into a lifestyle identity. In the context of social identity, consumers are not only purchasing a product but also affirming themselves as members of an adventurous, active, and daring community. Thus, Red Bull successfully builds brand loyalty through a strong and symbolic visual narrative. This research emphasizes that today’s advertisements are inseparable from ideological functions and the social constructions they visually shape.  

Family counseling is a strategic approach to helping family members overcome various issues that disrupt family harmony and functionality. In the Indonesian context, family counseling cannot be separated from the influence of distinctive local cultural values such as kinship, mutual cooperation (gotong royong), respect for elders, and the strong presence of religious and customary norms. Indonesian culture, which is predominantly collectivist and hierarchical, places the family as the central social institution that shapes individual identity and behavior. Therefore, it is essential for counselors to understand the diverse family structures present in Indonesia, ranging from patriarchal and matrilineal systems (such as in Minangkabau) to more egalitarian modern families. Culturally-based family counseling in Indonesia not only focuses on resolving interpersonal conflicts within the family but also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social harmony and protecting the family’s reputation in the community. In Indonesian society, conflict resolution is often carried out through deliberation (musyawarah) and involves third parties such as community elders, religious leaders, or respected senior family members. This highlights the need for family counselors in Indonesia to possess intercultural competence and a deep understanding of prevailing social norms. Moreover, religiosity plays a significant role in shaping values, attitudes, and decision-making within families. Counseling approaches that neglect the spiritual and cultural dimensions are often perceived as irrelevant or ineffective. Thus, integrating Western psychological theories with local values is crucial for family counseling to be both effective and contextually appropriate. This article explores the importance of culturally grounded family counseling in Indonesia by emphasizing key principles such as local wisdom, togetherness, deliberation, and harmony as the foundation for intervention strategies. By understanding the complexities of Indonesia’s pluralistic culture, family counseling can become a powerful tool to rebuild healthy, sustainable relationships and support the development of a more emotionally and socially harmonious society.  

Literature and film often use universal character patterns, known as archetypes, to explore deep psychological and social themes that resonate across cultures. Recent studies have applied Jungian archetype theory to analyze characters in various films, but few have focused on how these patterns shape emotional journeys in contemporary drama. This study aims to examine the archetypal dimensions of the main character, Otto Anderson, in Marc Forster’s film A Man Called Otto by applying Carl Gustav Jung’s archetype theory. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research analyzes selected scenes, dialogues, and monologues to identify and interpret five key archetypes: Self, Ego, Persona, Shadow, and Anima. The findings show that Otto’s character embodies all five archetypes, with the Ego (30,77%) and Shadow (23,08%) dominating his early isolation and emotional defenses, while the Self (11,54%), Anima (15,38%), Persona (19,23%) and emerge as he reconnects with others and moves toward healing. These percentages illustrate the varying influence of each archetype throughout Otto’s journey, highlighting how his psychological transformation is reflected in the shifting dominance of these archetypal patterns. Compared to previous studies that examined archetypes in films such as Enola Holmes, Mcfarland USA, Encanto, The Dark Tower, and The Three Stooges, this research offers a deeper psychological perspective by focusing on the interplay of grief, isolation, and transformation within a dramatic context. The analysis demonstrates the value of archetype theory in understanding character development and highlights how A Man Called Otto reflects universal experiences of loss and resilience in modern cinema.

This article was written with the aim of analyzing the idiosyncratic Donald Trump who issued the policy of building the Trump Wall on the border between the United States and Mexico with the aim of addressing the increase in illegal immigrants and improving border security. On the U.S.-Mexico border, crime is at a very complex level because it is difficult to detect by the security forces of the two countries, especially the problem of illegal immigrants, even the level of difficulty increases as a result of some border guards choosing to help these crimes occur. Therefore, this article uses a qualitative descriptive method by conducting library research for the purpose of collecting the data needed to understand the influence of Donald Trump's leadership on the Trump Wall policy applied to the United States border with Mexico. Trump's personal background, including his father's assertive influence and his military academy education that Trump had felt, shaped the character of his harsh and aggressive approach to border security. Politically, Trump has tapped into a populist-conservative philosophy aligned with anti-immigrant groups in the Republican Party, using rhetoric that often attacks immigrant groups, which has significantly increased in percentage from previous presidents.

This study investigates the influence of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), a psychological phenomenon amplified by social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok, on the behavior of each individual. Focusing on the case of Agroeduwisata MarkazKomobid in Serang Regency, this study uses qualitative methods to explore how digital exposure shapes travel motivation. Referring to insights on digital culture, the psychological effects of FoMO, and social media-driven tourism strategies, this analysis reveals that online trends often serve as social benchmarks, pressuring individuals to engage in experiences that are considered popular or viral. These findings emphasize the strategic importance of social media in creating an attractive destination image and driving visitor interest, especially for active social media users.

Learning assessment in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) has tended to focus on cognitive or academic aspects, while strengthening students' character has received less attention. In fact, character education is very important to shape children's personalities from an early age. This study aims to develop a learning assessment model that not only assesses aspects of knowledge, but also measures the development of students' character, such as honesty, responsibility, cooperation, and discipline. The method used is research and development with stages of needs analysis, instrument design, trials, and revisions. The results of the study show that character-based assessments can be integrated into teaching and learning activities effectively, and receive positive responses from teachers and students. The development of this assessment is expected to be a solution to support the overall goal of character education in MI.

This article examines the contributions of two major schools of Arabic grammar, the Basran and Kufan schools, to the development of the theory of ibdal (phonetic substitution) in the Arabic language. Using a historical and comparative approach, it traces the origins of the concept of ibdal in classical Arabic linguistic tradition and explores how leading grammarians from each school shaped distinct theoretical frameworks. The Basran school typically approached ibdal with a logical and systematic perspective, emphasizing phonetic patterns and structured rules of sound transformation. In contrast, the Kufan school adopted a more flexible stance, prioritizing the realities of spoken Arabic usage even if not always supported by formal phonetic justification. This study highlights not only the methodological differences between the two schools but also their long-lasting impact on the grammatical structure of Arabic. The discussion underlines the intellectual dynamics within Arabic grammar scholarship and encourages further exploration into how classical ibdal theories can inform modern linguistic analysis in Arabic studies.

Christian education, which is based on the teachings of the Christian religion, has an important role in forming individual character and morals. This education system aims to instill Christian moral and ethical values in students as a guide throughout their lives. However, in the modern era which is full of dynamics and change, Christian education faces big challenges in overcoming moral decline in society. Technological developments, cultural changes, and greater access to information create an increasingly complex moral landscape. Thus, Christian education has a key role in shaping individual character and morals and providing a solid ethical foundation, although there are a series of challenges that hinder its effectiveness. This research explores how Christian ethical principles guide interactions within families and communities, as well as their role in facing moral challenges in the modern era. The family is the main center in the formation of individuals and society, where values and ethics are practiced and passed from one generation to the next. This study emphasizes the importance of respecting parents as a spiritual basis that shapes the character and morality of Christian families. Generations, born in the digital era, are faced with various moral and ethical challenges. Christian education in the family environment can provide a strong moral foundation to face the pressures and temptations around them. Character is not a fixed trait, but rather the result of various influences in a person's life. Christian education provides a deep spiritual dimension, teaching ethical values, compassion, and commitment.

Community Service activities are a real form of students' social concern for their surroundings. This activity was carried out in Kampung Enam with the aim of sharing knowledge and skills with the community and students about how to turn seashell waste into handmade crafts that can be sold. We used a face-to-face approach through socialization and training, one of which was making wall decorations in the shape of flowers. Besides involving the local people, students also took part in this activity so they could develop economic independence. The results showed that seashell waste has promising potential, both economically and socially, especially if developed into small environmentally friendly businesses. Hopefully, activities like this can continue and become an example of how to develop local crafts and increase the income of the people around Kampung Enam, Tarakan.

Islam prescribes marriage as a sacred and fundamental institution in human life, aiming to preserve dignity, lineage, and to build a harmonious (sakinah), loving (mawaddah), and compassionate (rahmah) family. In Islamic teachings, marriage can be conducted either monogamously or polygamously, with specific conditions. In Indonesia, polygamous practices are strictly regulated by various legal provisions, such as Law Number 1 of 1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law. Nevertheless, polygamy remains a controversial issue in society, often carried out without fulfilling legal requirements, such as through unregistered (sirri) marriages. This phenomenon reflects a legal dualism between religious norms and state regulations. Furthermore, the social construction of polygamy shows that it is not merely a religious or legal issue, but also a product of social, cultural, economic dynamics, and the evolution of modern values. This study aims to explore how social construction shapes the perception and practice of polygamy and its implications for household harmony. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relevance of polygamy in contemporary society and its impact on family structure and child welfare.