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The low understanding of nutritious food choices among elementary school children remains a problem because it impacts their health, learning abilities, and future eating habits. A similar situation was found at SDN 3 Picungremuk, where students often choose flavored foods without considering their nutritional content. This community service activity aims to improve students' nutritional knowledge through education on the concept of "Isi Piringku" (My Plate). The implementation stages include identifying needs through observation and discussions with teachers, developing materials tailored to children's development, conducting interactive socialization, and practicing how to assemble a balanced meal plate using visual media. Evaluation was carried out through pre- and post-tests accompanied by food selection simulations. The output showed a significant increase in understanding. Before the education, most students were unable to combine foods correctly. After the activity, all participants were able to assemble a meal plate according to the principles of balanced nutrition. These findings prove that the use of visual media and hands-on practice is an effective method for instilling healthy eating habits in elementary school children.

This article discusses the role of Special Assistant Teachers (GPK) in creating an effective inclusive classroom, where all students, including children with special needs, can participate optimally in the learning process. GPK plays the role of facilitators, mediators, and regular teacher partners in accommodating diverse learning needs. This role is realized through individual needs assessments, adjustment of learning strategies, modification of teaching materials, and provision of academic and social-emotional support to students. The results of the study show that the success of inclusive education is greatly influenced by GPK's professional competence, especially in understanding the characteristics of children with special needs and implementing differentiatory learning. In addition, effective collaboration between GPK and regular teachers is a key factor in creating an inclusive and non-discriminatory learning environment. Institutional support, such as inclusive school policies, the availability of infrastructure, and the support of school leaders, also play an important role. This article emphasizes the need for sustainable professional development, clear division of duties, and supportive education policies to strengthen GPK's role in promoting inclusive education equity in Indonesia.

Jam is a paste-shaped food usually made from fruit which is quite popular from children to teenagers. Aloe vera is one of the 10 best-selling plant species in the world which was developed as a raw material in the pharmaceutical and food industries, especially in countries on the European continent. Inulin is a dietary fiber contained in various types of vegetables and fruits that are beneficial for digestive health. Purple sweet potato is used in the addition of jam because purple sweet potato contains vitamin A, B vitamins and antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of inulin thickener and purple sweet potato extract with high antioxidant activity, and to determine the characteristics of the panelists' preference to jam. This study used a completely randomized design with the first factor being variations in the concentration of inulin as thickener 1, 2, and 3 g. The second factor was the addition of purple sweet potato extract (40, 50, and 60%). The results of this study indicated that the jam formulation with high antioxidant activity on variations in the concentration of 1 g of inulin thickener with the addition of 60% purple sweet potato extract. The jam formulation that was preferred by the panelists was found in variations in the concentration of 2 g of inulin with the addition of 40% purple sweet potato extract which had an overall value of 3,40 (neutral). Higher purple sweet potato extract, the higher the antioxidant activity of the jam. Purple sweet potato extract can be used as a source of antioxidants in jam making.

In this Community Service Program (KKN) activity, the main goal is to strengthen social solidarity among the residents through the celebration of Indonesia’s Independence Day in Penagan Ratu Village. Social solidarity is one of the key factors in maintaining harmony and togetherness within the community. However, in today’s modern era, the spirit of cooperation and mutual assistance tends to decline due to individualism and people’s busy daily routines. Therefore, the Independence Day celebration serves as a strategic moment to revive the sense of brotherhood, unity, and social awareness among the villagers. This program was carried out with the active participation of all community members, including village officials, youth organizations (karang taruna), women’s groups, children, and teenagers. Various activities were conducted such as community clean-up (kerja bakti), traditional games, art performances, and a local MSME (UMKM) bazaar. The implementation method was participatory, emphasizing the active involvement of the community in every stage. The results of the program showed a high level of community participation, stronger social bonds, and an increase in the spirit of mutual cooperation. Moreover, the event brought a positive impact through the empowerment of local MSMEs. Thus, the Independence Day celebration was not merely ceremonial, but also served as an effective medium to strengthen social solidarity, fostering a more cohesive, respectful, and socially aware community in Penagan Ratu Village.

The implementation of the Independent Community Service Program (KKN) of the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra in 2025 was placed at SD Negeri 102028 Sei Parit, located in Sei Rampah District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. This activity aims to instill the habit of saving from an early age in elementary school students as an effort to improve Islamic financial literacy in order to form a character of thrift, responsibility, and financial intelligence. The method used is an interactive learning approach through educational stories, games, learning videos, and mini banking simulations. The results of the activity show that students have a better understanding of the importance of saving, managing pocket money, are able to explain the benefits of saving in their own words, and are encouraged to start saving habits, both at home and at school. Early savings education has proven effective in fostering awareness of wise and future-oriented money management and is expected to become an applicable model for Islamic financial literacy learning at the elementary school level.

The objectives of this study are 1) to determine the influence of church ministry on the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan; 2) to determine the influence of parental attention on the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan; and 3) to determine the combined influence of church ministry and parental attention on the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan. This study employed a quantitative method with inferential statistics. The sample consisted of 31 Sunday School congregants. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using regression and correlation tests. The results indicate that: 1) Church ministry has a positive and significant influence on the character formation of Sunday School children, with an F-value of 60.290 and a significance level of 0.000; 2) Parental attention has a positive and significant influence on the character formation of Sunday School children; and 3) Church ministry and parental attention jointly exert a positive and significant influence, contributing 71.6% to the variation in children’s character formation.Thus, it can be concluded that effective church ministry and consistent parental attention are the primary factors influencing the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan.

This study examines the legal protection of children born from Toba Batak customary marriages that are not officially registered by the state. In Toba Batak customary law, a marriage is considered valid after all traditional ceremonies have been carried out, so that the child is recognized by the father's clan and social status within the customary community. However, state law requires marriage registration to ensure the certainty of the parents' legal status and the fulfillment of the child's civil rights. The absence of marriage registration has legal consequences in the form of limited recognition of the civil relationship between the child and the father, which impacts identity registration, access to public administration services, and the fulfillment of inheritance rights. This study uses a normative juridical method with analytical descriptive specifications through a review of laws and regulations, legal literature, and court decisions. The results show that preventive legal protection is realized through marriage registration to guarantee the child's right to identity. Meanwhile, repressive legal protection can be achieved through court decisions supported by valid evidence to confirm the child's legal status and ensure the fulfillment of their basic rights.

In the era of globalization, language proficiency in early childhood is crucial for supporting their cognitive and social development. At RA Masjid Al Akbar Surabaya, a bilingual program (Indonesian-English) is implemented for Group B to optimize children's language skills. This study aims to analyze the impact of the bilingual program on children's speaking, listening, and language comprehension aspects. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation. The subjects of the study are children in Group B who participate in the bilingual program. The results show a positive impact of the bilingual program on children's language development. Children are able to interact actively in both languages, both in speaking and listening, and show improvements in language comprehension. This bilingual program has proven effective in enhancing children's communication skills and supporting holistic language development from an early age. Therefore, the bilingual program at RA Masjid Al Akbar can be used as a model for developing language skills in early childhood to prepare them for the challenges of globalization in the future.

Gross motor development is an important aspect of an infant’s growth. Infants aged 6–12 months are in a golden period where physical stimulation plays a vital role in supporting coordination, balance, and muscle strength. Hydrotherapy provides an experience of free movement in water with light resistance, which can strengthen muscles and improve body control. This study aimed to determine the effect of hydrotherapy on the gross motor development of infants aged 6–12 months at Posyandu Dahlia, Palembang City. This research used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group involving 30 infants (15 intervention and 15 control). The intervention was conducted twice a week for four weeks in water with temperatures of 36–37°C. The Denver II instrument was used for assessment. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests with a significance level of 0.05The average gross motor development score increased significantly in the intervention group from 45.2 to 60.4 (p = 0.001), while the control group showed no significant change (p = 0.094). Hydrotherapy has a significant effect on improving the gross motor development of infants aged 6–12 months. Health workers are encouraged to use this therapy as an alternative stimulation for early childhood development in community health centers.

This study focuses on mentoring activities for male and female students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Khalafiyah Syafi’iyyah Zainul Hasan Genggong related to children’s development during the school period. The main issue identified is the lack of optimal learning motivation and independence among students, which affects their academic achievement and character formation. The purpose of this study is to improve students’ observation skills, creativity, critical thinking, emotional regulation, social interaction, and learning motivation in an integrated manner. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with observation, interviews, and in-depth documentation as the primary data collection techniques. The findings indicate a significant improvement in students’ concentration, creative expression through drawing, logical thinking, emotional stability, harmonious social interaction, as well as motivation and discipline in learning. The mentoring activities provide a sustainable positive impact on students’ psychological growth and holistic development within the madrasah environment

This study focuses on mentoring activities for male and female students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Khalafiyah Syafi’iyyah Zainul Hasan Genggong related to children’s development during the school period. The main issue identified is the lack of optimal learning motivation and independence among students, which affects their academic achievement and character formation. The purpose of this study is to improve students’ observation skills, creativity, critical thinking, emotional regulation, social interaction, and learning motivation in an integrated manner. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with observation, interviews, and in-depth documentation as the primary data collection techniques. The findings indicate a significant improvement in students’ concentration, creative expression through drawing, logical thinking, emotional stability, harmonious social interaction, as well as motivation and discipline in learning. The mentoring activities provide a sustainable positive impact on students’ psychological growth and holistic development within the madrasah environment

Children's socio-emotional development is an important aspect that plays a role in their ability to recognize, understand, express, and regulate emotions, as well as interact adaptively in social environments. The family serves as the first environment that provides the foundation for this development through parenting patterns, emotional relationships, daily interactions, and parental behavior models. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by analyzing scientific articles published between 2020–2025 from the Scopus, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The results of the review indicate that parental responsiveness, observational learning, secure attachment, and emotional communication significantly influence children's emotion regulation and social skills. In addition, parenting styles, particularly the authoritative style, have been shown to have a positive impact on psychological well-being, self-control, and social competence, while authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful styles are associated with behavioral problems and low self-esteem. Overall, the quality of the family environment and patterns of emotional communication play a significant role in shaping children's socio-emotional development. These findings underscore the need for support and reinforcement of parenting practices in efforts to enhance children's emotional and social well-being.

The problem in this study is to determine what is the effect of the number tube game on the symbolic thinking ability of 4-5 year olds. The aim is to reveal whether there is a number tube game on the symbolic thinking ability of 4-5 year old children at Menara Laut State Kindergarten, Leato Utara Village, Dumbo Raya District, Gorontalo City. The type of research used is a quantitative experiment. The subject of this study is how to determine the effect of the number tube game. The method used in this study is the observation and documentation method. Based on the results of the observation, it was found that the symbolic thinking ability in recognizing numbers in children has not developed optimally. Although teachers have tried to introduce numbers, most children still have difficulty in naming, ordering, and writing numbers. Children also need teacher assistance to understand numbers 1-10 and distinguish between certain numbers such as 6 and 9. Therefore, a more effective and fun learning strategy is needed to help children understand the concept of numbers symbolically. In this case, it can be concluded that improvements through the application of the number tube game. This game was chosen because it is simple, easy to use, and in accordance with the characteristics of early childhood. Through a play-while-learning approach, children are expected to be able to recognize numbers more easily.  

This study aims to determine the relationship between parenting styles and children's discipline in playgroups at the Anisa Early Childhood Education Center (KB PAUD). The research background is based on the important role of parents in shaping children's discipline from an early age. This study used a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The study population was all 40 parents and children in playgroups at the Anisa Early Childhood Education Center (KB PAUD). Data were collected through a questionnaire using a Likert scale, then analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results showed that parenting styles were classified as high, with the majority of parents implementing a democratic parenting style characterized by open communication and consistent discipline. Children's discipline levels were also classified as high. The correlation test obtained an r value of 0.724 with a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a positive and significant relationship between parenting styles and children's discipline. Therefore, the better the parenting styles implemented by parents, the higher the children's discipline levels.

The global and national rates of cesarean section (CS) deliveries continue to show an increasing trend, including in Lampung Province. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the increased incidence of CS deliveries at Griya Medika Dompet Dhuafa Hospital. An analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all mothers who gave birth during the period of January–June 2025. The sample was determined using the Slovin formula, yielding 240 medical records selected through simple random sampling. The independent variables included maternal age, educational background, obstetric history, and medical indications, while the dependent variable was CS delivery. The study was conducted from July to August 2025. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most respondents underwent CS delivery (95%). Maternal characteristics included non-risk age (73.8%), secondary education (38.3%), multiparity (54.2%), and the most common medical indication was fetal indication (55.4%). Bivariate analysis indicated no significant relationship between maternal age (p=0.519), educational background (p=0.509), and obstetric history (p=0.694) with CS delivery. Conversely, there was a significant association between medical indications and CS delivery (p=0.041). It was concluded that the increasing rate of CS deliveries is predominantly influenced by medical indications, particularly fetal indications. Therefore, it is recommended that health workers enhance early detection of pregnancy and childbirth risks and strengthen educational efforts for pregnant women as preventive measures to reduce the incidence of CS

Facilities and infrastructure play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of learning in Playgroup (Kelompok Bermain). This study aims to examine the influence of the availability and management of facilities and infrastructure on the effectiveness of early childhood learning processes. A quantitative research method was employed using surveys with questionnaires distributed to teachers and administrators of Playgroups. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and regression analysis to determine the relationship between facilities and infrastructure and learning quality. The findings indicate that adequate facilities such as comfortable classrooms and educational aids significantly improve children's learning motivation and the smoothness of the learning process. Well-equipped environments enable teachers to deliver lessons more effectively, thus positively impacting children's learning outcomes. In conclusion, improving and maintaining facilities and infrastructure should be a priority for Playgroup managers to ensure optimal learning quality and support the holistic development of young children.

This research is motivated by the importance of creating enjoyable learning so that early childhood learning interests can develop better, especially in Pembina State Kindergarten, Dungingi District. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of interactive learning media on children's learning interests and describe changes in their learning behavior when activities are carried out without media and with interactive media. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method through conventional learning and learning using interactive media in the form of coloring activities. Data were obtained through observations by assessing aspects of enjoyment, focus, activeness, and enthusiasm during the activity. The results showed that children's learning interests in conventional learning only reached an average score of 6 and tended to be low, while in learning using interactive media, it increased significantly to an average score of 13.1. This change was seen from the increase in children's enthusiasm, better ability to focus, and their more active involvement during the learning process. The findings of this study confirm that interactive learning media has an important role in attracting children's attention and creating a more lively and meaningful learning atmosphere, thereby increasing early childhood learning interests

This study aims to understand and explain in depth the role of teachers in the care of children aged 3–5 years at the Siti Hajar Kindergarten and its influence on child development. This study used a qualitative approach with the aim of obtaining a comprehensive picture of the interactions between teachers and children in daily care activities. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation that describe care practices in the TPA environment. The results show that teachers have a very important role, including as guides in learning activities, mediators in children's social and emotional development, motivators to foster interest in learning, role models of positive behavior, and communication bridges between children and parents. These roles contribute significantly to character formation, social skills development, increased learning motivation, and children's emotional well-being. Despite facing various obstacles, such as limited facilities and challenges in maintaining children's concentration, teachers continue to strive to provide optimal care through enjoyable learning strategies and active communication with parents. This study recommends increasing teacher capacity and strengthening collaboration between educational institutions and families to support the sustainable growth and development of early childhood.  

Abstract. This study originates from the low awareness among early childhood learners regarding the importance of consuming nutritious and minimally processed Real Food. The purpose of this design project is to create an engaging educational medium in the form of a 2D animation titled “Kebun Imajinasi: Teman Realfoodku” to introduce the concept of Real Food to five-year-old children. A mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) was applied through observation, interviews, and questionnaires involving children, parents, and professional animators. The collected data served as the foundation for designing characters, storylines, illustration styles, colors, and audio suitable for young audiences. The results show that 2D animation featuring bright visuals, playful characters, and educational narration effectively increases children’s interest and understanding of healthy food. The implication of this study highlights the potential of animation as an effective visual communication tool to promote nutritional education and healthy lifestyle habits from an early age.

This study is motivated by the emergence of public controversy surrounding the alleged sexual harassment case involving the preacher Gus Elham, which has sparked widespread debate about ethical boundaries in da’wah activities. This phenomenon reflects a moral and social crisis in contemporary da’wah practices, particularly in relation to power relations, child protection, and the moral responsibility of religious figures as public role models. This study aims to analyze violations of da’wah ethics in this case from moral and social perspectives, as well as to identify its impact on public trust in preachers and religious institutions. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through the analysis of online news, public statements, social media posts, interview recordings, and da’wah-related content associated with the case. The findings indicate that the actions in question not only violated norms of decency but also revealed a failure to understand principles of child protection and ethics of da’wah based on akhlakul karimah. Socially, the case demonstrates a moral crisis affecting religious authority and an increase in public skepticism toward religious figures. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of formulating stricter da’wah codes of ethics, strengthening ethical literacy among preachers, and integrating child protection values into da’wah practice to prevent similar cases from recurring.