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This study aims to examine the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the relationship between Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Perceived Organizational Commitment (POC), and employee performance in a state-owned enterprise in Indonesia. In the context of growing public expectations for improved service quality, organizations are challenged to enhance employee performance not only in formal roles but also in discretionary behaviors. Based on Social Exchange Theory (SET), this research proposes that POS and POC can affect performance both directly and indirectly through OCB. Data were collected through a census of 138 permanent employees at PT Jasa Raharja, East Java Branch. The analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesized relationships. The findings show that POS has a significant positive influence on both OCB and employee performance. On the other hand, POC significantly influences OCB but does not have a direct impact on performance. The results also reveal that OCB plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between POS and performance, while it acts as a full mediator in the relationship between POC and performance. These findings emphasize the importance of fostering OCB within the organization to optimize the impact of support and commitment on employee performance. Encouraging voluntary, extra-role behaviors can bridge the gap between how employees perceive organizational treatment and how they perform. The study suggests practical implications for human resource management in public sector institutions. Policies should focus on building a supportive and engaging work climate that enhances affective commitment and acknowledges employee contributions beyond formal duties. Doing so will not only improve individual performance but also contribute to broader organizational effectiveness in a competitive and service-oriented environment.

Mekarsari Village, located in Panimbang District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province, has local potential in the form of a bamboo-based home industry. This potential has long been part of the cultural and economic identity of the local community. Therefore, the goal of this Community Service (PKM) activity is to increase the income of bamboo craftsmen by encouraging innovation, improving product quality, and broader marketing strategies. The PKM activity was carried out by male and female students of KKM Universitas Bina Bangsa, group 41 of 2025. The stages of activities carried out in this program include three main phases. The pre-implementation stage was carried out through a process of observation and direct visits to the homes of bamboo craftsmen in Sumur Kuya Village, Mekarsari Village. Students conducted short interviews to explore obstacles and potential in production activities carried out so far. The implementation stage included practical work on making household products such as winnowing baskets, food covers, tissue holders, and bamboo baskets by KKM41 participants, guided directly by the craftsmen. Students also provided light training on product design to make it more attractive and competitive in the market. The final stage, the evaluation stage, was conducted through product socialization activities to the local community, including mini-exhibitions and open discussions. The community was educated on the importance of preserving local heritage while remaining open to innovation in production and marketing. This activity was held from July 18–20, 2025. The methods used included observation, field surveys, interviews, and hands-on practice. Bamboo was chosen as the basic material because it is abundant in the surrounding environment, as well as its advantages as an environmentally friendly material with high aesthetic value.

Performance is the result of the work of individuals in carrying out the responsibilities given, which is greatly influenced by the factors of ability, experience, seriousness, and punctuality. Data from Cut Nyak Dhien Hospital shows a decrease in the performance of non-medical employees recorded by the personnel department every year. In 2019, the average employee performance was 87.8; However, the figure decreased to 86.2 in 2020, 85.5 in 2021, 84.0 in 2022, and 83.9 in 2023. This decline is suspected to be caused by a less effective leadership style and weak implementation of organizational commitments. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style and organizational commitment on the performance of non-medical employees at Cut Nyak Dhien Langsa Hospital in 2024. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach with a cross-sectional research design. The population studied was 35 non-medical employees, all of whom were sampled. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate tests. The results showed that the majority of respondents assessed the leadership style at the hospital as not good (57.1%), low organizational commitment (60.0%), and poor performance (57.1%). Statistical tests showed that there was a significant influence between leadership style (p=0.001) and organizational commitment (p=0.002) on the performance of non-medical employees. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Cut Nyak Dhien Langsa Hospital implement a more democratic leadership style to improve the performance of non-medical employees. Additionally, it is important to strengthen the implementation of the organization's commitments by providing ongoing training and development, as well as creating a work environment that supports employees' active participation in decision-making. The implementation of policies based on collaboration and good communication between management and employees is expected to be able to create a more productive and harmonious work atmosphere, which is important to achieve organizational goals effectively.

This study aims to analyze the effect of communication (X1), work environment (X2), and workload (X3) on job satisfaction (Y) among employees at PT Indomarco Prismatama. Job satisfaction is a crucial factor influencing employee performance and productivity; therefore, understanding the factors that affect it is essential for the company’s sustainability and growth. This research employs a quantitative approach with a saturated sampling technique, in which the entire population is used as the sample. The total number of respondents in this study was 30 employees. The analytical method used was path analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 22 software. The results show that the communication variable (X1) has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), with a significance value of 0.000. This indicates that effective, clear, and open communication between management and employees can enhance employees’ satisfaction with their jobs. Furthermore, the work environment variable (X2) also has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), with a significance value of 0.000. This finding suggests that a safe, comfortable, and supportive work environment, both physically and non-physically, plays a vital role in shaping employees’ positive perceptions of their work. In addition, the workload variable (X3) has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), with a significance value of 0.009. This means that a proportional workload, in accordance with employees’ capabilities, can improve job satisfaction, whereas excessive workloads may reduce it. Overall, this study concludes that communication, work environment, and workload have a significant effect on job satisfaction among employees at PT Indomarco Prismatama. The implication of this study is that management should continuously improve the quality of communication, create a conducive work environment, and establish a balanced workload to maintain and enhance employee job satisfaction.

Internet of Things (IoT)-based digital transformation has become a major catalyst in improving the efficiency of operational systems in various sectors, including the modern retail industry. One of the common logistics problems found in supermarket environments is the accumulation of unorganized shopping trolleys, which can hinder service flow and increase staff workload. This study presents a design of an IoT-based autonomous smart trolley system and automatic navigation to address these problems in a structured manner. The system design utilizes the integration of ESP32 and Arduino UNO microcontrollers, ultrasonic sensors for distance detection, line sensors for automatic path navigation, and Raspberry Pi modules for visual image processing in location tracking. The system is designed to be able to independently reposition the trolley to a predetermined parking station. Conceptual analysis shows that this system has significant potential in reducing operational costs, increasing labor efficiency, and strengthening customer service automation. Initial evaluation of technical and economic feasibility aspects strengthens the opportunity for widespread system implementation in the future. This design is the first step in developing a smart retail solution based on adaptive technology that is in line with the principles of Society 5.0. Furthermore, the development of this smart trolley system also considers user safety and comfort through additional features such as anti-collision sensors, an early warning system in the event of technical problems, and a manual control option as an alternative in emergency situations. The integration of Internet of Things-based technology also enables real-time monitoring and management systems through a web-based dashboard or mobile application, which can be accessed by supermarket management for operational analysis. Thus, this system not only addresses internal logistics needs but also contributes to improving the overall customer experience.

Fatigue is a critical issue in labour-intensive small industries, especially in traditional food production such as tofu manufacturing. This study aims to develop a fatigue classification model using a decision tree algorithm by integrating subjective assessments of the work system through the Macroergonomic Organizational Questionnaire Survey (MOQS) and objective physiological indicators, specifically Cardiovascular Load (CVL). The research was conducted in a tofu home industry located in Kalisari Village, Banyumas, Indonesia. Primary data were collected from 10 workers through MOQS questionnaires and heart rate measurements taken at rest and during work. CVL values were calculated and used as labels for classification into three categories: low, moderate, and high fatigue. Meanwhile, MOQS dimension scores (organization, job, personal, environment, and technology) were transformed into interval data and used as classification features. A decision tree model was built using the CART algorithm and visualized for interpretability. The results show that all workers experienced at least moderate fatigue, with 20% categorized as high fatigue. The decision tree revealed that the dimensions of organizational and personal factors were the most influential in predicting fatigue levels. The model provides a practical and interpretable tool to support decision-making in scheduling, workload balancing, and ergonomic interventions. This study demonstrates a novel approach to combining macroergonomic assessments and physiological data with machine learning for practical fatigue risk management in small-scale food production environments.

Employee performance is a critical determinant of service quality and operational success in hospitals. High-performing employees contribute directly to patient satisfaction, service efficiency, and overall institutional reputation. This study investigates the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on the performance of employees at Petrokimia Gresik Hospital, aiming to provide empirical evidence to guide strategic human resource management in healthcare settings. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected using structured questionnaires. The respondents consisted of 85 permanent employees selected through simple random sampling, ensuring that the sample fairly represented the hospital's workforce. The questionnaire was designed to measure aspects of both intrinsic motivation (such as self-fulfillment, recognition, and meaningful work) and extrinsic motivation (such as salary, benefits, and job security), along with indicators of employee performance. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the individual and joint effects of the motivational variables on performance. The results revealed that both intrinsic motivation (β = 0.532, p < 0.05) and extrinsic motivation (β = 0.487, p < 0.05) had a statistically significant and positive impact on employee performance. The model showed that the combination of these two factors accounted for 68.2% of the variation in employee performance (R² = 0.682), indicating a strong explanatory power. These findings underscore the importance of a balanced motivational strategy in hospital management. Relying solely on financial incentives is insufficient; efforts must also be made to cultivate a positive and fulfilling work environment. Therefore, hospital administrators are encouraged to design integrated motivation programs that address both intrinsic and extrinsic factors to enhance employee engagement, productivity, and ultimately, the quality of healthcare services provided.

This study examines a comprehensive approach to addressing common issues in laundry services, such as ineffective scheduling, skills gaps, and operational inefficiencies. The research focuses on RPK Omah Laundry Prapen, aiming to improve work processes and optimize human resources in this laundry business. The proposed solutions include the implementation of an attendance system, financial application training, laundry and ironing skills training, and a single-shift work system. The attendance system is designed to improve workforce punctuality, while the financial application training aims to enhance employees' understanding of financial management. Additionally, providing specific training on laundry and ironing techniques helps to bridge the skills gap and ensure high-quality service. The introduction of a single-shift work system aims to increase efficiency by streamlining operations and reducing staff fatigue. The results of the study indicate that these proposed solutions lead to several positive outcomes. The attendance system contributes to better time management, fostering a sense of responsibility among employees. Financial application training helps staff manage the business's finances more effectively, leading to more informed decision-making. Furthermore, the skills training program has shown improvements in the quality of laundry and ironing services, which directly impacts customer satisfaction and retention. The adoption of a single-shift work system reduces operational costs and increases the overall efficiency of the laundry services. Ultimately, this approach enhances fairness, operational efficiency, and productivity, creating a more conducive work environment. Implementing these integrated solutions can help laundries, such as RPK Omah Laundry Prapen, achieve better, sustainable performance by addressing key operational challenges and maximizing their workforce's potential. This study provides valuable insights for other laundries looking to optimize their operations and improve long-term business success.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in supporting national economic growth, particularly through their contributions to job creation and the development of local potential. MSMEs serve as the backbone of inclusive economic development by reaching various segments of society. However, despite their strategic importance, MSMEs often face internal challenges, including the risk of fraud committed by employees. This study aims to examine the forms of fraud risk occurring within the MSME HJ.GUS BUSANA and analyze their impact on business operations. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through direct interviews with the business owner. This method allowed for a contextual and in-depth understanding of the types of fraud experienced. The findings reveal two primary forms of employee fraud that pose a threat to operational efficiency and business sustainability. First, the excessive use of raw materials without the owner’s knowledge or approval, categorized as a high-risk behavior. Second, the use of business facilities such as equipment and working hours for personal purposes, categorized as a moderate-risk behavior. These practices lead to resource wastage, increased operational costs, and decreased productivity. The impact of such fraud is not only financial but can also erode trust within the workplace environment. Therefore, a more effective internal control system is essential, including proper monitoring of material usage and access to business resources. Additionally, instilling strong work ethics and a sense of responsibility among employees is crucial in building a positive organizational culture. Implementing these measures is key to ensuring that MSMEs can not only survive but also grow sustainably amidst the ever-changing business landscape. Strengthening internal supervision and ethical awareness can significantly reduce the risk of fraud, thereby enhancing the long-term resilience and performance of the enterprise.

The use of office stationery (ATK) plays an important role in supporting the smooth operation and administrative activities of government agencies, particularly the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP). As an institution whose primary function is to supervise and evaluate state financial management, BPKP requires adequate logistical support to ensure optimal implementation of its duties. One form of such support is the availability of sufficient, timely, and appropriate ATK. Common problems often encountered in ATK management are overstock, which is excess inventory that leads to wasted budget and storage space, and stockout, which is a shortage of inventory that can hinder work activities. This study aims to control ATK inventory by applying the Min-Max Stock method. This method helps in determining the minimum and maximum inventory limits for each type of ATK, so that procurement of goods can be carried out in a planned and efficient manner. With this approach, agencies can maintain a balance between availability of goods and efficient use of the budget. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Min-Max Stock method in the BPKP environment produces more rational inventory figures. For the type of HVS paper F4 size ATK, the minimum and maximum values are set at 12 reams. Meanwhile, for A4-sized HVS paper, the minimum and maximum values are 72 reams and 98 reams, respectively. For printer ink, the ideal minimum and maximum quantities are 74 and 92 bottles. Meanwhile, BPKP logo folders have a minimum value of 240 sheets and a maximum of 325 sheets. The implementation of this method has a positive impact on the efficiency of the procurement and control process of stationery at BPKP.

Creativity is the fundamental trait a teacher has to have.  Creative teachers can be recognized by their capacity to use several approaches and modify instructional methods to fit other learning environments.  This study intends to investigate the imaginative techniques used by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers to inspire students' enthusiasm in memorizing short surahs at the elementary school level, also to know the supporting factors of it.  To capture the lived experiences of participants, a qualitative research design using a phenomenological method was applied.  In-depth interviews with Islamic Religious Education teachers, three students, and two parents yielded primary data.  These interviews aimed to collect ideas on the teachers' inventiveness in creating interesting memorizing exercises, their strategies for inspiring pupils, and the obstacles they face. The results show that students' motivation is much improved by the regular application of the muraja'ah (revision) technique in weekly memorization exercises.  Encouraging students' desire to memorize brief surahs was the inventiveness of PAI teachers.  The study also emphasizes, therefore, that the effectiveness of these memorization exercises at SDN Gulun 3 is significantly influenced by parental support and good rivalry among students.  These elements working together produce a synergistic environment that motivates pupils to be more dedicated and eager in learning brief surahs. Keywords: Creativity, Islamic Religious Education (PAI), Muraja’ah Method.

In the rapidly changing digital and global era, organizations are required to be adaptive and innovative to survive and compete sustainably. Employee performance is one of the strategic factors in supporting organizational success. This research is motivated by the urgency of improving performance through innovative work behavior (IWB) and work engagement, which are considered two key elements in addressing the challenges of modern organizations. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of IWB on employee performance and evaluate the mediating role of work engagement in this relationship. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method, and was conducted on employees of the Batu City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD). The results of the analysis indicate that IWB has a positive and significant influence on work engagement and employee performance. In addition, work engagement is also proven to act as a partial mediator that strengthens the relationship between IWB and performance. This means that the higher the innovative behavior of employees, the higher their engagement in work, which ultimately has a positive impact on performance improvement. These findings enrich the theoretical literature, particularly supporting theoretical frameworks such as Social Exchange Theory, Self-Determination Theory, Job Demands-Resources Model, and Conservation of Resources Theory. Practical implications of this research suggest that organizations need to create a work environment that supports innovative behavior and enhances employee work engagement by providing autonomy, recognition, and opportunities for self-development. This research suggests further studies to explore other contextual factors, such as organizational culture, transformational leadership, and supervisor support, which have the potential to strengthen the relationship between IWB, work engagement, and employee performance in various organizational sectors.  

Education is a conscious and structured effort aimed at creating an environment and process that actively facilitates learners in developing their full potential. This includes nurturing their spiritual and moral values, self-control, intelligence, strong character, and essential life skills required for personal development and meaningful contributions to society, the nation, and the global community. At its core, education serves to empower students to realize and utilize their capabilities for future life challenges. It acts as a foundational medium through which younger generations acquire essential life skills, enabling them to integrate effectively into society. Moreover, education plays a pivotal role not only in the personal growth of individuals but also in the advancement of a nation. High-quality education is defined by its capacity to equip students with the competence to confront and resolve real-world problems. This notion becomes increasingly critical as learners transition from academic settings to the workforce and community life, where they are expected to apply their knowledge and skills practically. However, the success or failure of educational outcomes is largely determined by the curriculum. A well-designed curriculum should cultivate critical awareness and empower students to navigate complex social and professional environments. It should also promote creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration, which are essential skills in today’s rapidly changing world. Furthermore, education should not be viewed merely as a means to acquire knowledge but as a holistic process that fosters emotional intelligence and social responsibility. By integrating various disciplines and encouraging interdisciplinary learning, education can help students develop a broader perspective on global issues, such as climate change, social justice, and economic inequality. In addition, the role of educators is crucial in this process.  

This training activity on application development using the Thunkable platform was designed to enhance digital literacy, logical thinking skills, and strengthen the character of adolescents through a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) approach. In today’s digital age, digital literacy is an essential competency, and equipping young people with the ability to create meaningful technology empowers them to be not just users but also creators of impactful digital solutions. The training took place on May 17, 2025, at a member’s house from the GKI Kasih congregation in Perumnas, Sorong. It was attended by 20 participants aged between 12 and 17 years. The choice of a familiar and friendly setting was intended to create a comfortable and collaborative learning environment. The training materials were structured step-by-step, starting with an introduction to the Thunkable platform, user interface (UI) design, navigation logic development using visual block programming, and culminating in group presentations and reflections on the final projects. The project theme chosen for the training was "Prophets as Role Models," aimed at integrating spiritual values and character development into an educational digital application. Through this project, participants not only gained technical skills but also reflected on the moral and inspirational values of prophetic figures in the Christian faith. Evaluation results showed that the training had a significant positive impact. Participants demonstrated increased understanding of app development concepts, were able to explain their project workflows and features, and showed high levels of enthusiasm and creativity throughout the process. Furthermore, character values such as teamwork, responsibility, and a strong learning spirit were fostered. This initiative serves as a concrete example of how technology-based education can be effectively combined with character formation. It also provides a replicable training model for other communities, particularly for church-based youth development programs that aim to nurture digitally literate and morally grounded future generations.

Background: Stunting remains a serious public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas such as Ambasea Village, Laeya Sub-district, South Konawe Regency. Stunting, or chronic growth failure in children due to prolonged malnutrition, generally occurs during the first 1,000 days of life. In Ambasea Village, this problem is exacerbated by irregular eating patterns among toddlers, consumption of low-nutrient foods, and poor hygiene behaviors. Toddlers frequently consume unhealthy snacks, reject main meals such as rice and side dishes, and rarely wash their hands with soap before eating or after using the toilet. Furthermore, limited access to basic sanitation—such as the lack of proper latrines and adequate wastewater disposal systems (SPAL)—also contributes to the high risk of infections that disrupt nutrient absorption, increasing the likelihood of stunting in children. Objective: This study aims to describe the environmental health conditions contributing to the incidence of stunting among children aged 0–2 years in Ambasea Village. Methods: The research used an observational analytic method with a quantitative cross-sectional design. The study involved 54 toddlers identified as stunted. Data were collected through structured interviews with parents or caregivers and direct observation of the household and surrounding environmental conditions. Results: The results showed that 66.5% of households did not have access to proper latrines, and 70% lacked adequate wastewater disposal systems. However, 87% had access to clean water, and 85% of respondents demonstrated good handwashing behavior. Conclusion: The environmental health conditions in Ambasea Village reveal ongoing challenges related to latrine ownership and wastewater management. Although clean water access is relatively good and hygiene practices among residents are fairly positive, improving sanitation infrastructure remains crucial. Enhancing these conditions is expected to significantly reduce the risk of stunting among toddlers in the area. Collaborative efforts involving local government, health workers, and the community are essential to create a healthier environment for early childhood development.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in driving local and national economic growth. However, in the development of business spaces, environmentally friendly aspects of interior design often receive less attention. This research aims to increase MSME actors' understanding of the principles of sustainable and environmentally friendly interior design. The method used is an educational approach through training and workshops for a number of MSME players in the culinary and retail sectors. The material presented includes selecting environmentally friendly materials, managing natural lighting, cross ventilation, and energy efficient space planning. The evaluation results show an increase in participants' knowledge and awareness of the importance of implementing environmentally friendly interior design, which also has an impact on operational cost efficiency and improving business image. Thus, it is hoped that this program can encourage the creation of MSME business spaces that are not only functional and visually attractive, but also support environmental sustainability.

This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to enhance the understanding of the staff at the Environmental and Sanitation Agency (DLHK) of Depok City in utilizing information technology through socialization and training on the development of a waste classification website. The website is designed to assist the public in identifying types of waste and to encourage more responsible and integrated waste management practices. The implementation methods for this program include socialization sessions, technical training workshops, and system usage demonstrations. Participants were introduced to the functionalities of the website, including how to classify various waste types and its role in supporting environmental sustainability. The program also provided hands-on training to ensure the staff could effectively use the website and incorporate it into their daily tasks. As a result, the staff’s understanding of the concept of digital-based waste classification has significantly increased. Additionally, the potential benefits of using such technology to support sustainable environmental management programs were clearly recognized. The program not only enhanced the staff's technical skills but also contributed to a deeper understanding of the importance of waste classification in the broader context of environmental conservation. The outcomes of this initiative are expected to encourage the staff to actively promote the use of the website to the public, thus fostering a more responsible and efficient waste management system in Depok City. This program demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating technology in supporting local government initiatives aimed at improving environmental management and sustainability. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of digital tools in modernizing waste management systems and enhancing public awareness and engagement.

The phenomenon of bullying that occurs in the pesantren environment is not only a social problem, but also reflects a crisis in the internalization of Islamic educational values. This study aims to examine the dynamics of bullying in Islamic boarding schools from a psychosocial perspective and Islamic educational values. With a literature study approach and qualitative content analysis, this study explores various theories, empirical findings, and expert views obtained from relevant journals, books, and scientific works. The results of the study show that the practice of bullying in pesantren often stems from power relations that are institutionalized through the hierarchy structure of seniority, as well as weak supervision of the process of internalizing Islamic values among students. The values of Islamic ukhuwah, justice, and compassion that should be the spirit of Islamic education are often eroded by a culture of silence, neglect, or even the wrong perception that bullying is part of discipline. In fact, the concept of Islamic education not only emphasizes the mastery of the knowledge of tools (tsaqafah), but also the formation of intellect ('aqliyah), soul (nafsiyah), and Islamic personality (syakhsiyah Islamiyah) based on a strong aqidah. Bullying prevention requires deeper Islamic character education, strengthening social control, and psychosocial approaches to maintain mental and spiritual balance of students. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a holistic and civilized pesantren management strategy, by fostering an anti-bullying culture, creating a safe, harmonious, and harmonious learning environment that is in line with the main goals of Islamic education. Thus, pesantren are expected to be able to form students who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also have noble morals, high social spirit, empathy, and have a strong Islamic personality and full of integrity.

This study explores the effectiveness of role play as a teaching method to enhance students' speaking skills in professional secretarial contexts, specifically in business telephone conversations, presentations, and negotiations. The research was conducted within the Diploma III Secretarial Program over one academic semester. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study involved classroom observations and student reflections gathered through feedback sessions. The objective was to assess how role play could contribute to the development of fluency, confidence, and contextual language use in English for specific professional purposes. The findings revealed that role play significantly improved students' speaking performance. Students showed greater confidence in expressing ideas, improved fluency, and a better understanding of appropriate vocabulary and expressions suited to professional environments. Furthermore, students expressed that the interactive and practical nature of role play made learning more enjoyable and less intimidating, allowing them to immerse themselves in real-life communication scenarios. These positive experiences encouraged active participation and increased motivation to learn English for professional use. The study also highlighted the value of reflective learning, as students were able to identify their own progress and areas for improvement. Through continuous engagement in simulated professional tasks, learners developed better adaptability in communication and exhibited more natural conversational flow during tasks that mirrored real workplace situations. In conclusion, the role play method proves to be a highly effective pedagogical tool for enhancing speaking skills in secretarial English. It not only helps build linguistic competence but also cultivates soft skills necessary for professional communication. Therefore, it is recommended that educators incorporate role play regularly in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curricula to maximize its benefits in developing productive speaking abilities among students.

A thesis is an original scientific paper where the author presents their ideas by referencing the views of experts. The process of writing a thesis often leads to stress among students, which can affect various aspects of life, including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Stress occurs when individuals struggle to cope with threats or challenges, which can negatively impact their physical well-being (Hardjana, 1994). The factors or situations that cause stress are known as stressors, which are divided into two types: eustress and distress. Eustress is a positive form of stress that encourages individuals to confront challenges constructively, while distress is a negative form of stress that can reduce motivation, concentration, and productivity, especially during the thesis writing process. Proper stress management is crucial for students to remain productive and avoid the negative effects of stress. One effective way to cope with stress is by practicing gratitude. Gratitude helps individuals focus on the positive aspects of their lives, such as the achievements they have made, the support from friends, or assistance from professors. By practicing gratitude, students can shift their focus away from failures or difficulties they face and remain optimistic in confronting challenges. Based on interviews with several students, it was found that those who successfully manage stress tend to practice gratitude in various forms. They look for the positive side in every challenge, appreciate the support from their surrounding environment, and value each small achievement in the thesis-writing process. This approach helps them stay resilient and motivated through the challenges they face during their thesis work, allowing them to remain focused and productive despite the pressure.