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Kali Baru Lake is a community-based pilot tourism destination in Bekasi City managed by the Kali Baru Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis Danau Indah Kalibaru). Preliminary observations indicate that destination management still faces limited human resource capacity, inadequate safety facilities, and the absence of a structured risk management document as a governance instrument. This community service program aims to strengthen the institutional capacity of the Pokdarwis through assistance in developing a risk management document, tourism safety training, formulation of operational standard operating procedures (SOPs), and enhancement of risk communication. The implementation method applied a participatory approach consisting of initial assessment, training, document development workshops, implementation of safety-supporting facilities, and evaluation. The results show the completion of a risk management document based on hazard identification and mitigation, the establishment of several safety and operational SOPs, the availability of risk communication media, and improved knowledge and skills of Pokdarwis members in managing sustainable tourism destinations. This program contributes to strengthening destination governance professionalism, enhancing tourism safety, and improving the readiness of Kali Baru Lake as a safe and sustainable community-based tourism destination.

The development of social media has made influencer parenting content one of the important sources of reference for the younger generation in understanding parenting. This study aims to examine the meaning of influencer parenting content for the younger generation in building future parenting. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method on various scientific publications relevant to the topics of influencers, parenting, and digital media. The results of the study show that the younger generation interprets influencer parenting content not only as a source of practical information, but also as a reference for values and an ideal representation of the role of parents. The process of interpretation takes place actively and reflectively, influenced by personal experiences, family backgrounds, digital literacy levels, and socio-cultural contexts. In addition, the credibility of influencers and the style of delivering content also affect the acceptance rate of the audience. Influencer parenting content shapes a parenting discourse that emphasizes emotional awareness, empathic communication, positive parenting, and concern for children's mental health. Thus, the future parenting of the young generation is understood as a dynamic, adaptive, and constantly evolving social construction, with digital media as one of the main shaping factors.

This study aims to analyze the influence of tax knowledge and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance, as well as assess the role of taxpayer awareness as a moderation variable in individual taxpayers (WPOP) in West Aceh Regency. The research uses a quantitative approach with ex post facto design and survey methods. A sample of 100 respondents was selected through a random sampling technique based on the Slovin formula. Primary data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and analysis using instrument tests (validity and reliability), classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and moderation regression tests to test hypotheses. The results of the study show that tax knowledge has a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. Tax sanctions also have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. In addition, taxpayer awareness has been shown to moderate the relationship between tax sanctions and taxpayer knowledge. This means that the higher the taxpayer's awareness, the stronger the influence of tax knowledge and sanctions on taxpayer compliance. These findings are expected to be considered for tax authorities in formulating policies to increase compliance through education and strengthening tax awareness.

Based on article (Shelley, 2010) Human Trafficking is the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring, or receiving individuals through force, fraud, or corcecion for the purpose of exploiting them profit. This exploitation may include forced labor, sexual slavery, or other forms of commercial sexual exploitation. It is considered a serious violation of human rights and includes a form of modern slavery, a crime against humanity. Human trafficking is a global threat that requires serious attention and real action. Factors such as poverty, political instability, and lack of public awareness make human trafficking increasingly difficult to eradicate. Therefore, there is a need for international cooperation, government, and community cooperation to prevent, protect, and recover victims of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a serious crime that continues to grow, including in Cambodia, which is vulnerable due to geographical and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to analyze the handling of human trafficking cases in Cambodia from the perspective of international legal policy. Sexual exploitation, forced labor, and organ trafficking are the main forms of this crime. Although Cambodia has adopted various laws, its implementation is still hampered by limited resources, corruption, and weak cooperation between countries. International community support such as the Palermo Protocol has helped, but law enforcement remains inconsistent. This study emphasizes the importance of stricter law enforcement and an adequate rehabilitation system for victims. Collaboration between governments and NGOs is urgently needed to create effective solutions and better protection for victims of human trafficking.

This study examines the influence of the MUI Fatwa Number 83 of 2023 concerning the Legal Ruling on Supporting the Palestinian Struggle on the purchasing interest in Israeli products among the Muslim community in Makassar City, from the perspective of Islamic economic law. The main issue addressed is the low level of public awareness and understanding of the fatwa, amid challenges in identifying products affiliated with Israel and the dominance of global consumer culture. Using a quantitative method within the framework of Islamic economic law, this research involved 156 respondents selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using a Likert scale questionnaire, validation and reliability tests, and regression techniques. The findings indicate that the MUI Fatwa Number 83 of 2023 has a positive and significant effect on purchasing interest (p = 0.000); however, the positive direction of the effect reveals a contradiction between the substance of the fatwa which calls for a boycott and the community’s consumption behavior, which continues to maintain an interest in Israeli-affiliated products. This condition reflects a weak awareness of Islamic economic law among the Muslim community in Makassar City. These findings underscore the need to strengthen education, socialization, and the provision of Sharia-compliant product alternatives to enhance the fatwa’s implementation. Thus, the study concludes that the effectiveness of the fatwa in influencing consumer behavior remains suboptimal and requires ongoing strategic support so that the principles of maslahah, hisbah, and Islamic consumption ethics can be realized in community economic practices.

The rapid growth of internet access and digital device usage in Indonesia has made gadgets an inseparable part of students’ daily lives. While smartphones facilitate communication and access to information, excessive use—particularly before bedtime—has been associated with poor sleep quality. This quantitative correlational study aimed to identify the relationship between gadget use before sleep and sleep quality among students of SMK Yapim Sibiru-biru. A total of 110 students were selected purposively and asked to complete a structured questionnaire measuring gadget use duration, activity type, use of “Night Mode,” and various aspects of sleep quality. Data were analyzed using descriptive and Pearson correlation tests at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed that 87.5% of students used gadgets before sleep, with smartphones being the most common device. The majority (46.88%) reported using gadgets for 1–2 hours before bed, primarily for social media and entertainment. Most respondents slept between 10:00 p.m. and midnight, with an average sleep duration of 4–6 hours, lower than the recommended 7–9 hours. Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between gadget use duration and sleep quality—longer use was associated with poorer sleep. Additionally, low awareness of blue light filtering features exacerbated sleep problems such as insomnia and fatigue. These findings highlight the importance of behavioral interventions and sleep hygiene education to mitigate the adverse effects of nighttime gadget use. Recommended strategies include limiting screen time one hour before sleep, enabling “Night Mode,” and engaging in relaxing pre-sleep activities to promote better sleep quality and overall well-being

In the contemporary era,many people have yet to fully comprehend or internalize the spiritual and social dimensions of prayer (shalat). As a result, shalat is often carried out merely as a routine obligation without deep reflection on its true purpose. In fact, shalat plays a significant role in shaping personal character and social behavior. This study employs a literature review approach by examining various sources, including books, academic journals, and educational articles that discuss the concept and significance of shalat as an act of worship. The findings indicate that a profound understanding of the inner meanings of shalat can foster self-awareness, self-control, and discipline. These values strongly contribute to the development of moral and ethical character. Furthermore, shalat reflects collective religiosity through its practices and procedures, symbolizing spiritual purification, reverence for God, and awareness of human limitations. Congregational prayer further emphasizes principles of unity, brotherhood, and equality, regardless of social status or background. In addition, shalat functions as a moral safeguard that prevents individuals from engaging in immoral and harmful actions. Therefore, shalat plays a crucial role not only in strengthening spiritual devotion but also in maintaining personal integrity and social harmony.

This study examines the theological and moral dimensions of the Book of 2 Samuel by highlighting issues such as sin, repentance, justice, leadership, and its ethical implications for modern society. The aim of this study is to explore how the story of King David, with its moral complexity and the consequences of each of his actions, can serve as a reflective guide in dealing with contemporary ethical challenges. The method used is biblical hermeneutics combined with literature studies to interpret texts in their historical, social, and cultural contexts. This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the theological message of the Book of 2 Samuel and its relevance to life today. The results of the study show that the value of sincere repentance, divine justice, and responsible leadership are universal principles that transcend the context of the times. These values are relevant in responding to modern problems such as abuse of power, integrity crises, and structural corruption. The novelty of this research lies in the effort to reinterpret ancient theological and moral teachings as an applicative ethical framework to strengthen moral leadership and ethical awareness in modern societ

This study aims to (1) identify and describe the forms of rhetorical strategies used by students in language and literature learning, and (2) analyze the reflection and implementation of elements of Makassar cultural traditions in these rhetorical strategies. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through direct observation of the learning process and in-depth interviews with students as research subjects. The data obtained are analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that students apply several main rhetorical strategies, such as the use of metaphors, similes, symbolic expressions, and local idioms that represent the values ​​of siri' na pacce, namely the concepts of self-esteem, solidarity, and empathy in Makassar culture. These culture-based rhetorical strategies are proven to be able to increase the effectiveness of academic communication, enrich language expression, and strengthen students' awareness and understanding of local cultural identity in the context of language and literature learning in higher education.

The waste problem is still an environmental issue that requires serious attention, especially regarding the low level of public awareness in sorting organic and inorganic waste at its source. Environmental education needs to be given from an early age to form attitudes and behavior that care for the environment in a sustainable manner. This community service activity aims to increase the understanding and awareness of grade III–IV elementary school children towards sorting organic and inorganic waste through a game-based learning approach. The activity was carried out in the Bojongsari area, Depok, involving 10 children as participants. The methods used include delivering interactive material, waste sorting competitions through the Eco-Race Little game, and making mini posters with environmental themes. The results of the activity showed that around 90% of participants were able to differentiate and sort organic and inorganic waste correctly. Apart from increasing cognitive understanding, this activity also fosters an attitude of cooperation, creativity and concern for the environment. Thus, the Little Eco-Race activity is considered effective as a fun and applicable environmental education model for elementary school age children.

This community service program aims to improve the entrepreneurial skills of high school students through the understanding and application of SMART Goal Setting. The activities were carried out in the form of workshops, group discussions, and intensive mentoring for eleventh-grade students. Data were collected through observations, short interviews, participant reflection notes, and documentation of business plans. Analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, emphasizing the participants' experience patterns and behavioral changes after participating in the program. The results showed that students were better able to formulate specific, measurable, realistic, relevant, and time-bound business goals. In addition, participants reported increased self-confidence, regularity in developing business steps, and awareness of the importance of structured planning. These findings confirm the relevance of implementing SMART Goal Setting in high school entrepreneurship education as a practical strategy that can support the emergence of aspiring young entrepreneurs.

Converting used cooking oil into aromatherapy candles represents an environmentally sustainable solution for household waste management while supporting community-based economic development. This research examines the process and results of a participatory empowerment initiative conducted in Buddagan Village, aimed at producing value-added aromatherapy candles from used cooking oil. Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology with a participatory approach, the study involved 60 housewives as active contributors. Program activities were implemented through direct, in-person sessions encompassing education on health and environmental hazards of improper oil disposal, hands-on candle-making training, and basic instruction on product marketing. The production process consisted of oil purification using activated charcoal, mixing with stearic acid, heating, adding colorants and fragrances, and molding. Data were collected through direct observation of participant involvement, skill development, and product quality, and analyzed inductively. The results demonstrate increased environmental awareness, enhanced technical competence, and the successful production of aromatherapy candles with satisfactory shape, fragrance, and burning consistency.

This study aims to: (1) describe the implementation of local wisdom–based learning in the teaching process of Grade VII B at UPT SMP Negeri 4 Kelara Jeneponto; (2) determine the improvement of students’ social awareness after the implementation of local wisdom–based learning; and (3) identify the enhancement of students’ learning culture through the application of this learning model. The research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects were 25 seventh-grade students, focusing on two main variables: social awareness and learning culture. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings indicate that the integration of Jeneponto cultural values Tabe’ Karaeng, Sipakatau, Sipakalabbiri, Sipakainga, Siri’ na Pacce, Akbulo Sibatang, and empo sipitangari was implemented effectively and became more optimal in Cycle II after improvements were made through Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the use of more contextual local cases. Students’ social awareness increased from an average of 63.13% in Cycle I (categorized as Fair) to 80.42% in Cycle II (categorized as High). Similarly, students’ learning culture improved from 69.69% (Fair) in Cycle I to 82.66% (High) in Cycle II, meeting the classical mastery criteria. The study concludes that integrating local wisdom into classroom instruction not only strengthens students’ understanding of social studies content but is also effective in shaping their social character and learning habits. This model is recommended for development in other subjects and educational levels.

This study aims to analyze the obstacles in Social Studies (IPS) learning related to global issues influenced by technological advancement through a literature review method. Social Studies plays an essential role in shaping students’ understanding of social, economic, cultural, and political life while fostering global awareness in the digital era. However, in practice, IPS learning often faces various challenges that reduce its effectiveness and attractiveness. One of the main problems is students ’low interestin IPS, as it is often perceived as boring and overly theoretical, combined with the influence of technology that diverts students’ attention toward digital entertainment. Other contributing factors include non-interactive teaching methods, limited learning facilities, unconducive classroom environments, and a lack of parental support. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study found that relevant strategies to overcome these issues include Project-Based Learning, Technology Integration, and Contextual Approaches. These strategies enable students to learn actively, critically, and collaboratively by linking IPS material to global issues and real-world phenomena. The recommended solutions include implementing project-based education, utilizing interactive digital media, and fostering intercultural dialogue within the learning process. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of adaptive IPS learning models in response to technological progress, as well as practical benefits for teachers, schools, and policymakers in creating Social Studies learning that is engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the global challenges of the 21st century.

Attention span and cognitive focus in young minds these days are increasingly structured by the growing influence of digital distractions. Drawing from the ideas of Foucault and Nietzsche, this paper examines how technology molds behavior and, at the same time, is used as a tool of control through power relations. This digitally fosters a form of nihilism, the sense life has no purpose. By using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines the surveying and in-depth interviewing of students and instructors about how technology influences attention, learning, and academic performance. Results indicate that while technology brings many benefits, it also provides significant challenges-most notably via social media and smartphone distractions. These distractions reduce attention spans, decrease deep learning, and contribute to cognitive overload. This study therefore calls for the integration of technology into education in a balanced way, highlighting digital literacy, mindful use, and distraction-reduction strategies. In the process, self-awareness, self-regulation, and responsible use will allow people to use its benefits rather than fall into disengagement and cynicism. Technology should serve as a tool for learning and growth-not a barrier to focus and intellectual development.

The environmental crisis is a global issue that has become increasingly evident and directly affects human life, including rural communities. Deforestation, environmental pollution, and changes in human lifestyles reflect an imbalanced relationship between humanity and nature. From a Christian faith perspective, the environmental crisis is not merely an ecological or social problem. This article aims to examine ecotheology as a foundation of Christian faith in responding to environmental crises, while also describing its practical implementation through a Community Service program conducted by lecturers and students of the Master’s Program in Christian Religious Education at IAKN Tarutung in 2025 in Situmeang Pintu Bosi Village, Sipoholon District, North Tapanuli Regency. The method employed is a qualitative approach using a participatory service model, which includes ecotheological material presentations, Bible-based reflective discussions, and the accompaniment of simple environmental care actions with the local community. The service materials emphasize the understanding of God as the Creator and Owner of all creation, the cultural mandate and stewardship, the reality of sin and its impact on the degradation of creation, and the role of the church and believers in preserving environmental integrity. The results indicate an increased theological understanding among the community regarding Christian responsibility toward the environment, along with the growth of ethical awareness to care for nature through concrete actions in daily life. This activity affirms that ecotheology is not merely conceptual, but has practical relevance in fostering faith-based ecological awareness.

Appropriate Technology Training (TTG) in Tambah Dadi Village, Purbolinggo Subdistrict aims to improve the community's understanding and ability to manage livestock waste more efficiently.  Often, livestock waste produced in this village is not utilized properly.  Training participants will be introduced to various waste management methods that can be used as sources of organic fertilizer and organic compost. The training includes awareness-raising, demonstrations, and hands-on practice in processing waste into useful products such as organic fertilizer. The results of the training show that participants are able to make organic fertilizer from livestock waste.  It is hoped that this activity will serve as an example for other villages to manage livestock waste in a more sustainable manner, which will improve agricultural and livestock yields in the area and increase the welfare of farmers in Tambah Dadi Village. The results of this activity show that the application of appropriate technology not only focuses on waste management, but also aims to improve the economic conditions of the community.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of social rehabilitation programs for persons with physical disabilities at the Social Affairs Office of Pasuruan City, East Java. Persons with physical disabilities face various challenges in accessing public services and participating in social life, thus requiring comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Using the implementation theory of George C. Edward III, this study examines four critical factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. Informants include officials from the Social Affairs Office, rehabilitation program staff, persons with physical disabilities as program beneficiaries, and community members. The results indicate that the implementation of social rehabilitation programs has been running according to established procedures, including physical rehabilitation services, vocational training, and social assistance provision. However, several obstacles were identified, including limited budget allocation, inadequate accessibility of rehabilitation facilities, shortage of trained social workers, and lack of public awareness regarding disability issues. The program has successfully provided assistive devices to 85 beneficiaries and vocational training to 60 persons with physical disabilities in 2023. This study recommends strengthening coordination between related agencies, increasing budget allocation, improving facility accessibility, and conducting socialization to enhance community participation in supporting persons with physical disabilities.  

Thousands of metric tonnes of garbage remain unmanaged, and despite available solutions, many people are still reluctant to participate in proper waste disposal. This study aimed to identify the reasons behind the unwillingness of different age groups in Kuta Selatan, Badung, Bali to separate their garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories. This qualitative research used surveys and interviews for data collection. The survey involved three age groups: adolescents (10–19) with 15 respondents, young adults (20–39) with 15 respondents, and middle adults (40–60) with 11 respondents. Interviews were conducted with two environmental experts, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that reluctance across age groups stemmed mainly from limited awareness of the environmental benefits of waste separation and the negative impacts of improper disposal. Adolescents additionally cited the lack of strict policies and penalties. Young and middle adults shared similar reasons, mostly linked to insufficient knowledge and low motivation. Environmental experts emphasized the importance of improving public awareness of waste management practices and enhancing waste management infrastructure through additional facilities and better-quality services. Overall, this study highlights the need for stronger policies, improved infrastructure, and increased public education to boost community participation in waste separation in Kuta Selatan.

Parental mental health plays a critical role in fostering healthy parenting practices, particularly during early childhood. Nevertheless, many parents, including homemakers and working mothers, continue to demonstrate limited awareness of the importance of maintaining psychological well-being in the parenting process. This community service initiative aimed to enhance parents’ mental health literacy and raise awareness of its implications for parenting practices. The program employed a mental health education and outreach approach, incorporating structured presentations, interactive discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and the provision of practical coping strategies applicable to daily life. The activity was implemented among parents of kindergarten pupils. The findings indicated a notable improvement in participants’ understanding of parental mental health, increased awareness of stress management in parenting contexts, and an enhanced capacity to apply simple strategies to maintain emotional regulation. Moreover, participants demonstrated active engagement and positive responses throughout the programme. This initiative contributes to strengthening parental mental health awareness as a preventive measure to support healthier and more adaptive parenting practices within the family setting.