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This study examines the evolving landscape of racket sports and its implications for injury patterns among diverse athlete populations. Over the past decade, traditional sports such as tennis and badminton have remained popular, while emerging sports like padel, pickleball, and beach tennis have experienced rapid growth, attracting participants across a wide age spectrum. However, the high-speed, repetitive, and multidirectional demands of these sports increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, making it essential to understand their epidemiology for effective prevention. This systematic literature review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzing peer-reviewed studies published between January 2020 and early 2025 from databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Europe PMC, and Open Alex. A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional surveys. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The findings reveal significant variation in injury prevalence across sports, ranging from 34.2% in recreational pickleball to 92% in competitive padel. Badminton injuries were predominantly acute and affected the lower limbs, while tennis showed a higher incidence of overuse injuries in the upper limbs and trunk. Padel players frequently experienced elbow overuse injuries, with higher rates reported among females. In contrast, pickleball injuries were largely associated with falls among older adults. Preventive interventions involving supervised, sport-specific functional training and structured warm-up programs were found to be most effective. In conclusion, injury burden in racket sports is substantial and influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, highlighting the need for targeted, sport-specific prevention strategies.

Liquidity management is an important aspect in maintaining the operational stability of Islamic banking. Inadequate liquidity management can affect a bank’s ability to fulfill its short-term obligations and reduce public trust in banking institutions. This study aims to examine the basic concepts of liquidity management, liquidity management practices, and the various challenges faced by Islamic banks in maintaining financial stability. The study employed a qualitative method using a literature review approach through the examination of various sources, including books, scientific journals, and research articles relevant to the topic. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to obtain a systematic understanding of liquidity management in Islamic banking. The findings indicate that liquidity management in Islamic banks is carried out through asset and liability management, fund collection, financing distribution, and the implementation of GAP management. In addition, Islamic banking faces several challenges, including the limited availability of Islamic money market instruments, imbalance between assets and liabilities, risks of massive customer withdrawals, and changes in economic conditions and regulations. Therefore, adaptive liquidity management strategies based on prudential principles are required to maintain operational stability and ensure the sustainability of Islamic banking institutions.

The changes to the provisions on evidence in the new Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) mark a significant shift in the evidentiary system under Indonesian criminal procedure. The expansion of evidence to include physical evidence as valid evidence, the explicit recognition of electronic evidence, judicial observation, and other evidence as long as it is legally obtained, alters the evidentiary system, which previously relied on classical categories. This situation raises questions about how these changes affect the evidentiary system and the dynamics of criminal litigation in court, particularly regarding the role of judges, the strategies of the parties, and the protection of the defendant's rights. This study aims to analyze the changes in the evidentiary system resulting from the addition of evidence in the new KUHAP and its impact on criminal litigation practices. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive specifications through a literature review of relevant laws and legal literature. The analysis shows that the expansion of evidence increases the complexity of the evidence, strengthens the role of judges in assessing the legality and authentication of evidence, and encourages a shift in the litigation strategies of prosecutors and advocates. The addition of evidence has the potential to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement, but also raises the risk of legal uncertainty and human rights violations if not supported by adequate technical guidelines and oversight mechanisms.

Formal education systems are often trapped in rigid standardization that actually shackles students' creativity and personal uniqueness. This issue raises questions about the extent to which individual freedom is accommodated in modern curricula that tend to be pragmatic. Departing from this issue, this study aims to explore the relevance of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Romanticism which prioritizes affection and the general will in the context of education. Rousseau argued that the development of science and culture often acts as a chain that restrains humans, thus he proposed the concept of natural education that allows children's instincts to develop freely without damaging cultural intervention. Using qualitative methods based on literature review, this research identified a strong common ground between Rousseau's vision and Indonesia's Freedom to Learn policy. The study reveals that both share a common philosophical foundation: restoring educational sovereignty to institutions and students, allowing them to independently develop their potential, talents, and interests. Therefore, synchronizing Rousseau's ideas with Freedom to Learn serves as a crucial foundation for creating a higher-quality and more humane national education ecosystem.

The number of students arriving late often disrupts the classroom atmosphere and disrupts adherence to school rules. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the behavioral contract technique in changing this habit. Using a qualitative approach focused on literature review, this study found that internal factors within students and environmental factors are the main causes of their tardiness. Behavioral counseling can help change behavior through reinforcement and habit training, while the behavioral contract technique provides clear rules and agreements that make students more responsible. Behavioral changes occur gradually and are more effective if students are involved and there is a balance between rewards and punishments. Therefore, this technique is suitable for use as a practical way to train student discipline in the school environment.

Digital literacy is an individual's ability to access, understand, evaluate, and use digital information and technology wisely, critically, and responsibly. This skill is crucial for students to use technology safely and avoid various risks in the digital space. The development of digital technology and the increasingly widespread use of social media have provided various conveniences in people's lives, particularly in communication and information access. However, on the other hand, these developments also pose various risks for children and adolescents, one of which is the crime of child grooming in the digital space. Child grooming is a manipulative act perpetrated by adults by building emotional closeness and trust with children for the purpose of sexual exploitation. This study aims to examine the role of digital literacy in raising students' awareness of the dangers of child grooming in the digital era. The method used in this study was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR. The results indicate that low digital literacy among students makes them more vulnerable to various forms of digital crime, including child grooming that occurs through social media and online games. Conversely, strengthening digital literacy through education in schools, the role of guidance and counseling teachers, and parental supervision can increase students' awareness of the risks of digital interactions and protect themselves from potential cybercrimes. Therefore, digital literacy is a crucial effort in preventing child grooming and protecting children in the era of information technology development.

The transformation of public services has become a key priority in public administration reform, driven by growing public demands for government services that are more responsive, transparent, and oriented toward the public interest. In this context, the concept of Public Value Creation has emerged as an approach that emphasizes the creation of social value as the primary objective of public service delivery. This study aims to analyze the role of Public Value Creation as a conceptual framework in public service transformation oriented toward the public interest. The study employs a qualitative approach through a literature review, examining various relevant academic sources on public value theory, contemporary public administration, and public service transformation. The findings indicate that Public Value Creation plays a role in driving a paradigm shift in public service from an administrative bureaucratic orientation toward service focused on creating social benefits for the community. This approach also strengthens a community-centered service orientation, fosters collaboration between the government and various stakeholders, and supports public service innovation, including through the utilization of digital technology. The implications of this research suggest that the concept of public value can serve as a conceptual foundation for the government in designing more inclusive public service policies and innovations  

Limited readiness for breastfeeding among third-trimester pregnant women may affect the success of breastfeeding practices. Insufficient knowledge regarding proper breastfeeding techniques can lead to various lactation-related problems, including incorrect breastfeeding positions, poor infant attachment, and ineffective breastfeeding. Therefore, effective educational interventions are needed to improve breastfeeding readiness during pregnancy. This community service program aimed to strengthen breastfeeding readiness among third-trimester pregnant women through e-booklet-based education on breastfeeding techniques in the working area of Kelapa Community Health Center. The program was conducted in June 2025 and involved 20 third-trimester pregnant women. Educational activities were delivered through interactive lectures, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and the distribution of e-booklets. Evaluation was carried out using pre-tests and post-tests to assess changes in participants’ knowledge and attitudes after the intervention. The results showed an improvement in participants’ knowledge, with the proportion of women in the good knowledge category increasing from 20.0% to 75.0%, while the poor knowledge category decreased from 30.0% to 0%. Positive attitudes toward breastfeeding also increased from 40.0% to 85.0% following the educational intervention. The use of e-booklets as educational media facilitated participants’ understanding of breastfeeding materials and enabled independent review of the information after the program. This community service activity demonstrates that e-booklet-based breastfeeding education is effective in improving knowledge, fostering positive attitudes, and strengthening breastfeeding readiness among third-trimester pregnant women

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoa that is often found in cats as the definitive host. The infection can spread to humans through contact with cat feces or consumption of contaminated food and drinks. Pregnant women, especially in the second trimester, are at high risk of developing infections that can be transmitted to the fetus. Primary infections during pregnancy can lead to a variety of complications, including birth defects, and premature birth. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between cat ownership and the incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in the second trimester. This study is the result of a literature review with a literature search method conducted on the internet and scientific journals based on questions about the relationship between cat keepers and the incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in the 2nd trimester. According to the (WHO), the incidence ratio in 26 countries is based on concrete evidence. The three countries with the highest IgG seroprevalence according to data are Ethiopia (64.2%, 95%CI: 34.3–89.1), Gabon (56.7%, 54.4–59.0), and Brazil (53.8%, 39.3–68.0) but there are also three countries with the lowest IgG are Mexico (7.2%, 5.3–9.4), South Korea (2.1%, 0.6–4.3), and Canada (0.2%, 0.2–0.3). Meanwhile, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Indonesia ranged from 43% to 88% in 2014. Data shows that keeping cats as well as poor hygiene practices can increase the risk of toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women.

TikTok Shop is a popular application that offers online shopping and interaction experiences for consumers. Marketers at TikTok Shop use various methods to encourage consumer decisions to make purchases. This study aims to determine the effect of celebrity endorsers, online customer reviews, and viral marketing on purchasing decisions for TikTok Shop e-commerce products. This study uses a quantitative method with a survey approach by providing questionnaires to respondents. The population studied was all people in Semarang City who have the TikTok Shop application and have purchased products through the application. A sample of 112 people was taken using the convenience sampling technique. Data were obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis, F test, R2 test, and t test. The results of the study indicate that celebrity endorsements have a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions for Tiktok Shop users in Semarang City. The increasing use of celebrity endorsements will encourage consumer decisions to buy. Online customer reviews have a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions for Tiktok Shop users in Semarang City. The more positive online customer reviews, the more it will encourage consumer decisions to buy. Viral marketing has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions for Tiktok Shop users in Semarang City. The increasing use of viral marketing will encourage consumer decisions to buy.  

In the Minangkabau social system, women hold a crucial position as owners of lineage and inherited property. However, in formal political practice, women's representation in legislative institutions remains relatively low. This study uses a qualitative approach, collecting data through interviews, documentation, and literature review. The results indicate that despite the affirmative action policy of a 30 percent quota for women in legislative candidacy, the representation of elected women remains limited. This is influenced by several factors, including patriarchal culture in local politics, limited political resources for women, and low political party support for female candidates. These findings suggest that the matrilineal system does not automatically result in equal political representation for women in legislative institutions. Therefore, strengthening women's political capacity and ensuring political party commitment to encouraging increased women's representation in legislative institutions is necessary. This study aims to analyze the low political representation of women in the West Pasaman Regency legislative institution in the 2024 General Election.

Public service quality serves as a crucial metric for assessing how well the government meets the needs and expectations of the community. Within public administration, the effectiveness of public services indicates the government's capability to deliver governance that is open, responsible, and focused on the citizens. In Indonesia, one tool for gauging public service effectiveness is the Community Satisfaction Index (Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat/IKM). This research seeks to examine how community satisfaction in public services is measured by identifying various service components and the approach used to compute the IKM. A descriptive qualitative research method is employed, utilizing a literature review. Information was gathered from books, academic journals, government regulations, and other scholarly materials relevant to public service quality and community satisfaction. The results reveal that the IKM measurement system offers a comprehensive framework for assessing the performance of public services based on several aspects, including service requirements, processes, completion time, costs, the skills and conduct of service personnel, and available facilities. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that enhancements in service quality, transparency, and the responsiveness of public organizations greatly affect community satisfaction levels. As a result, ongoing assessments of public services through the IKM framework are vital for improving governance effectiveness, boosting service delivery, and reinforcing public confidence in government agencies.

The development of modern economic systems shows that conventional approaches are often criticized for focusing too much on rational and mathematical aspects, while giving less attention to ethical and moral values in economic activities. This condition has encouraged the emergence of alternative systems that combine material and spiritual elements, one of which is the Islamic economic system.This study aims to analyze the characteristics and structure of the Islamic economic system as a framework based on Sharia principles. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method by examining various relevant sources. The data are analyzed descriptively to better understand the basic concepts and structure of the Islamic economic system.The results show that Islamic economics has key characteristics such as a strong connection to divine values, a balance between individual and social interests, and an emphasis on justice and social responsibility in economic activities. Therefore, Islamic economics not only regulates economic practices but also incorporates moral and ethical values to achieve overall social well-being.This study is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic economic studies and can be used as a reference for building a more fair and sustainable economic system.

This study is motivated by the low level of students’ learning concentration in the classroom, which is reflected in behaviors such as drowsiness, lack of focus, and limited participation during learning activities. These conditions are generally caused by less varied teaching methods and a lack of activities that actively engage students. Therefore, this study aims to examine the use of brain gym–based ice breaking activities to reduce drowsiness and improve students’ concentration. The method employed in this research is a literature review, involving the analysis of various relevant academic sources, including journals, books, and research articles. The findings indicate that integrating ice breaking activities with brain gym techniques has a positive impact on the learning process. This approach is shown to enhance concentration, memory, and students’ readiness to learn. In addition, the simple movements in brain gym can help increase oxygen flow to the brain, making students feel more refreshed and focused. In conclusion, brain gym–based ice breaking can serve as an effective, innovative, and enjoyable instructional strategy to improve the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies of maternal and child healthcare services in hospitals to enhance patient experience, emphasizing a shift from traditional promotional approaches toward the creation of a positive and empathetic patient experience. This research employs a systematic literature review of relevant studies published between 2021 and 2025, with analysis conducted through identification, selection, and thematic synthesis to determine key factors influencing patient satisfaction and loyalty. The findings indicate that the quality of interpersonal interactions and the efficiency of service processes are the primary determinants of patient experience, where factors such as staff empathy, clear communication, reduced waiting times, and well-structured service flows have a greater impact than the technical aspects of medical care. Hospitals should therefore prioritize people- and process-oriented strategies by implementing empathy training, enhancing communication effectiveness, and regularly measuring patient satisfaction, while also integrating digital services, ensuring cost transparency, and developing continuity of care programs to strengthen the patient experience holistically. This study proposes a holistic marketing framework that integrates empathy, efficiency, data-driven personalization, and environmental sustainability, highlighting a shift from a purely clinical orientation to an experiential marketing approach that places human values at the core of a hospital’s competitive advantage.

The rapid development of digital technology and artificial intelligence has transformed human life in significant ways while simultaneously fostering a reductionist understanding of the human person based on productivity, efficiency, and technical capability. This phenomenon poses serious challenges to the understanding of human dignity and identity. This study aims to examine the concept of the human person according to Pope Leo XIV in the encyclical Magnifica Humanitas and to analyze its relevance for contemporary society. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, drawing primarily on the encyclical Magnifica Humanitas and related scholarly sources. The findings reveal that Pope Leo XIV understands the human person as created in the image and likeness of God (imago Dei), possessing an inherent dignity that does not depend on ability, social status, or productivity. This understanding is grounded in Christological and Trinitarian foundations, which affirm the human person as a relational being called to communion with God and others through love and self-giving. The encyclical also offers a critical response to technocratic paradigms, transhumanism, and posthumanism, which risk reducing human beings to technological objects or economic instruments. In the context of contemporary society, Pope Leo XIV’s thought provides a theological and ethical foundation for the development of human-centered technology while reinforcing respect for human dignity in social, educational, economic, and ecclesial life. This study concludes that the anthropological reflection presented in Magnifica Humanitas offers a significant contribution to addressing the human challenges emerging in the digital and artificial intelligence era.

The account of Moses’ death in Deuteronomy 34 has long drawn attention because of the questions it raises about what truly happened at the end of his life. The text leaves certain details unclear, especially regarding his burial and the absence of a known grave, which has led to different interpretations among scholars and faith communities. This study seeks to explore these interpretive possibilities, asking whether Moses simply died, was buried by God, or experienced a unique form of being taken by God. Using a qualitative approach based on literature review, this research engages biblical texts alongside selected contemporary studies. The discussion shows that the narrative intentionally allows room for multiple perspectives, rather than offering a single, definitive explanation. It also becomes clear that later Jewish and Christian traditions played a role in shaping how Moses’ death has been understood, often highlighting its deeper theological meaning. In the end, Moses’ death can be seen not only as the closing of his personal journey, but also as part of a larger story about leadership, transition, and God’s ongoing work among His people.

Study This analyze adaptation system law Indonesian agrarian​ digital transformation, in particular implementation blockchain technology in certification land. Using approach juridical normative, research combining the statute approach with reviewing the UUPA, Regulation of the Minister of ATR/BPN Number 1 of 2021, and the ITE Law, as well as the conceptual approach that examines theory law agrarian, digital transformation, and principles Maqashid Syariah. Secondary data in the form of material primary, secondary, and tertiary law analyzed in a way descriptive qualitative For interpret the relationship between legal norms, theory and digital technology in land. Research results show that harmonization regulations agrarian and digital, blockchain implementation, and integration sharia principles can increase transparency, accountability, and certainty law. Digital transformation accelerates administration, minimizing overlapping overlap ownership, and strengthening governance fair and sustainable land. Research​ This confirm the need strengthening regulation, digital infrastructure, and literacy apparatus For support legal reform agrarian in the digital era.  

This research is motivated by the problem of the open unemployment rate in Maluku Province which is still fluctuating, where the influence of human capital indicators such as the Average Years of Schooling and the Gross Enrollment Rate of Senior High Schools as well as economic policies such as the Provincial Minimum Wage often show results inconsistent with theory, thus requiring further empirical studies to determine their influence in the region. The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the partial and simultaneous effects of the average years of schooling, the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools, and the provincial minimum wage on the open unemployment rate in Maluku Province. The method used is quantitative with secondary data in the form of time series from 2015 to 2024 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Maluku Province, and analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results show that the average years of schooling have a negative and significant effect, while the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools and the provincial minimum wage each have a positive insignificant and negative insignificant effect on the open unemployment rate. Simultaneously, the three variables also have no significant effect. The implications of these findings confirm that increasing the average length of schooling is a key factor in reducing unemployment, but policies related to minimum wages and high school participation need to be reviewed and combined with other policies to be more effective in addressing unemployment in Maluku Province.  

Abstract. The increasing number of cases involving corporate losses that implicate the liability of directors in limited liability companies highlights the importance of a comprehensive understanding of the scope and nature of such liability from a civil law perspective. This study aims to analyze the liability of directors for corporate losses as well as the factors influencing the emergence of such legal liability. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, through a review of legislation, legal literature, and relevant court decisions. The results of the study indicate that directors’ liability is not automatic but depends on proving the existence of fault or negligence in performing their duties, in accordance with the principles of due diligence and good faith. Furthermore, factors such as weak internal controls, lack of transparency, and directors’ limited legal understanding are the primary causes of corporate losses. The implications of this study underscore the importance of implementing sound corporate governance principles, enhancing directors’ competence, and ensuring consistency in law enforcement to achieve a balance between legal protection and accountability in corporate management.